Luke - Jesus, the Cross and Resurrection -11 Sessions
Session 26 - Triumph and Tragedy (Luke 19:28–48)
Printable Download
Alistair Begg Sermon – The Human Face of God
READ - Luke 19:28–48 (NLT)
Jesus’ Triumphant Entry
28 After telling this story, Jesus went on toward Jerusalem, walking ahead of his disciples. 29 As he came to the towns of Bethphage and Bethany on the Mount of Olives, he sent two disciples ahead. 30 “Go into that village over there,” he told them. “As you enter it, you will see a young donkey tied there that no one has ever ridden. Untie it and bring it here. 31 If anyone asks, ‘Why are you untying that colt?’ just say, ‘The Lord needs it.’”
32 So they went and found the colt, just as Jesus had said. 33 And sure enough, as they were untying it, the owners asked them, “Why are you untying that colt?”
34 And the disciples simply replied, “The Lord needs it.” 35 So they brought the colt to Jesus and threw their garments over it for him to ride on.
36 As he rode along, the crowds spread out their garments on the road ahead of him. 37 When he reached the place where the road started down the Mount of Olives, all of his followers began to shout and sing as they walked along, praising God for all the wonderful miracles they had seen.
38 “Blessings on the King who comes in the name of the Lord!
Peace in heaven, and glory in highest heaven!”
39 But some of the Pharisees among the crowd said, “Teacher, rebuke your followers for saying things like that!”
40 He replied, “If they kept quiet, the stones along the road would burst into cheers!”
Jesus Weeps over Jerusalem
41 But as he came closer to Jerusalem and saw the city ahead, he began to weep. 42 “How I wish today that you of all people would understand the way to peace. But now it is too late, and peace is hidden from your eyes. 43 Before long your enemies will build ramparts against your walls and encircle you and close in on you from every side. 44 They will crush you into the ground, and your children with you. Your enemies will not leave a single stone in place, because you did not recognize it when God visited you.”
Jesus Clears the Temple
45 Then Jesus entered the Temple and began to drive out the people selling animals for sacrifices. 46 He said to them, “The Scriptures declare, ‘My Temple will be a house of prayer,’ but you have turned it into a den of thieves.”
47 After that, he taught daily in the Temple, but the leading priests, the teachers of religious law, and the other leaders of the people began planning how to kill him. 48 But they could think of nothing, because all the people hung on every word he said.
OVERVIEW:
In Luke chapters 1-9 Jesus was in Galilee, in chapter 9-19 He was on the road and now He is ready to enter Jerusalem. He has focused on his mission and is still resolute as he prepares to enter the city (see Luke 9:51). In today’s study we find Jesus giving unusual instructions to arrange for his ride into Jerusalem. This is a summary statement for the next large section. (Luke 19:28—21:38). For Jesus, the road to Jerusalem has included miracles, parables, acceptance, and rejection. The week ahead will be eventful. First, a great crowd will accompany Him up the hill to the Temple Mount, crying His praises as king . But along the way, Jesus will catch sight of the city of Jerusalem and weep over its coming destruction by the Romans. Next, He will enter the temple courts and find them filled with merchants and vendors hawking items visitors need for the Passover in the area reserved for faithful Gentiles.
The Pharisees have set the scene better than the multitudes of Jesus' disciples. They told Jesus, "Teacher, rebuke your disciples" vs. 39. In this moment, they represent the Jewish leadership who will not follow the crowds in welcoming Jesus' arrival. They will reject their King and Messiah and manipulate the Roman governor to crucify Him.
Notice that this is no weak Jesus who becomes a victim of circumstances. He has a mission, and he’s in charge. His command is simple: “Go … you will find a colt … Untie it and bring it here. If anyone asks you, 'Why are you untying it?’ say, 'The Lord needs it.’” And that is enough. Jesus identifies himself as Lord, able to give commands and expect them to be obeyed. As Lord, he is fully aware of fulfilling a prophecy about riding a colt and proclaiming peace when he enters Jerusalem as King (see Zechariah 9:9-10). He brings the message of God’s love and salvation for all who believe in him, but he’s no pushover. He’s on a mission, and he will complete it. What he’s about to do, no one but the Son of God himself can do.
Still today, Jesus is not a Savior whom we may mold to our liking. He is “Lord,” expecting our acknowledgment and full obedience. Do you honor and obey that Jesus?
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: Triumph and Tragedy
Have you ever had a day that started out amazing but ended on a sour note? Maybe you got a promotion, aced a test, or finally had a long-overdue heart-to-heart with a friend. But then, just when everything seemed to be going right, something happened that left you feeling crushed—a harsh word, an unexpected problem, or a deep disappointment.
That’s a little like what we see in Luke 19:28–48. Jesus enters Jerusalem to the cheers of a joyful crowd. People wave palm branches, lay down their cloaks, and shout, “Blessed is the king who comes in the name of the Lord!” (Luke 19:38,). It’s a moment of triumph. But not long after, Jesus looks over the city and weeps. He sees the spiritual blindness of the people, their rejection of Him, and the coming destruction of Jerusalem. Then He enters the temple and, instead of finding a place of prayer, He sees corruption and greed—so He flips the tables and calls it out.
This passage reminds us that joy and sorrow often go hand in hand. Sometimes, we expect life to be all triumph, but Jesus shows us that even in the midst of celebration, there can be heartbreak. The good news? Jesus didn’t turn away from the hard moments. He still entered Jerusalem, knowing what was coming. And He does the same for us—walking with us through both the victories and the struggles, always offering His love and truth.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Have you ever been praised one moment but rejected the next? How did that feel?
2. Why do you think Jesus got so upset about people buying and selling in the temple?
3. Jesus wept over Jerusalem. What do you think He would weep over in our world today?
EXAMINE THE TEXT
Jesus Enters Jerusalem as King (Luke 19:28–40)
– Jesus is heading toward Jerusalem and sends two disciples ahead to get a young donkey. He knows exactly where it will be and tells them what to say if anyone asks.
– The disciples find the donkey just as Jesus said. When asked why they are taking it, they reply, “The Lord needs it,” and everything goes smoothly.
– The disciples place their cloaks on the donkey for Jesus to sit on. As He rides, the people spread their cloaks on the road, a sign of honor, like rolling out a red carpet.
– The crowd praises Jesus loudly, calling Him King. They shout, “Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord!” They recognize Him as the Messiah.
– The Pharisees don’t like this and tell Jesus to quiet the people. Jesus replies, “If they keep quiet, the stones will cry out!” He is saying that this moment is so important, even creation itself would praise Him if people didn’t.
Jesus Weeps for Jerusalem (Luke 19:41–44)
– As Jesus gets close to the city, He begins to cry. He knows that Jerusalem is missing its chance to recognize the Savior.
– Jesus prophesies that enemies will come and destroy the city because the people didn’t recognize “the time of God’s coming.” This points ahead to the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.
Jesus Clears the Temple (Luke 19:45–48)
– Jesus enters the Temple and sees people using it as a marketplace instead of a place of worship. He drives them out, quoting Scripture: “My house will be a house of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers.”
– Jesus continues teaching in the Temple daily. The religious leaders want to get rid of Him, but they can’t because the people love listening to Him.
This passage shows both triumph (Jesus being welcomed as King) and tragedy (His sadness over Jerusalem’s future and the corruption in the Temple). Let me know if you’d like me to tweak anything!
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU
One surprising part of this passage is Jesus weeping over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41). We often picture Jesus as strong and confident, but here, He shows deep sorrow. The city that was supposed to welcome the Messiah would ultimately reject Him. Jesus wasn’t just sad—He was grieving like someone mourning a lost loved one. This moment teaches us something powerful: God’s heart breaks when people turn away from Him. Jesus doesn’t just offer salvation; He longs for people to accept it. His tears show His deep love and the reality that rejecting Him has serious consequences.
CROSS-REFERENCE
Matthew 23:37 – “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing.”
Like in Luke 19, Jesus expresses deep sorrow over Jerusalem’s rejection of Him.
John 12:13 – “They took palm branches and went out to meet him, shouting, ‘Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the king of Israel!’”
This shows the excitement of Jesus’ triumphal entry, but we know it won’t last.
Isaiah 56:7 – “These I will bring to my holy mountain and give them joy in my house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and sacrifices will be accepted on my altar; for my house will be called a house of prayer for all nations.”
Jesus referenced this verse when cleansing the temple, reminding people of its true purpose.
Revelation 3:20 – “Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with that person, and they with me.”
Jesus’ sorrow over people rejecting Him reminds us that He still invites everyone to accept Him today.
MORE ON THE SUBJECT:
FLOW OF THOUGHT FROM SCRIPTURE:
Session 26 - Triumph and Tragedy (Luke 19:28–48)
Printable Download
Alistair Begg Sermon – The Human Face of God
READ - Luke 19:28–48 (NLT)
Jesus’ Triumphant Entry
28 After telling this story, Jesus went on toward Jerusalem, walking ahead of his disciples. 29 As he came to the towns of Bethphage and Bethany on the Mount of Olives, he sent two disciples ahead. 30 “Go into that village over there,” he told them. “As you enter it, you will see a young donkey tied there that no one has ever ridden. Untie it and bring it here. 31 If anyone asks, ‘Why are you untying that colt?’ just say, ‘The Lord needs it.’”
32 So they went and found the colt, just as Jesus had said. 33 And sure enough, as they were untying it, the owners asked them, “Why are you untying that colt?”
34 And the disciples simply replied, “The Lord needs it.” 35 So they brought the colt to Jesus and threw their garments over it for him to ride on.
36 As he rode along, the crowds spread out their garments on the road ahead of him. 37 When he reached the place where the road started down the Mount of Olives, all of his followers began to shout and sing as they walked along, praising God for all the wonderful miracles they had seen.
38 “Blessings on the King who comes in the name of the Lord!
Peace in heaven, and glory in highest heaven!”
39 But some of the Pharisees among the crowd said, “Teacher, rebuke your followers for saying things like that!”
40 He replied, “If they kept quiet, the stones along the road would burst into cheers!”
Jesus Weeps over Jerusalem
41 But as he came closer to Jerusalem and saw the city ahead, he began to weep. 42 “How I wish today that you of all people would understand the way to peace. But now it is too late, and peace is hidden from your eyes. 43 Before long your enemies will build ramparts against your walls and encircle you and close in on you from every side. 44 They will crush you into the ground, and your children with you. Your enemies will not leave a single stone in place, because you did not recognize it when God visited you.”
Jesus Clears the Temple
45 Then Jesus entered the Temple and began to drive out the people selling animals for sacrifices. 46 He said to them, “The Scriptures declare, ‘My Temple will be a house of prayer,’ but you have turned it into a den of thieves.”
47 After that, he taught daily in the Temple, but the leading priests, the teachers of religious law, and the other leaders of the people began planning how to kill him. 48 But they could think of nothing, because all the people hung on every word he said.
OVERVIEW:
In Luke chapters 1-9 Jesus was in Galilee, in chapter 9-19 He was on the road and now He is ready to enter Jerusalem. He has focused on his mission and is still resolute as he prepares to enter the city (see Luke 9:51). In today’s study we find Jesus giving unusual instructions to arrange for his ride into Jerusalem. This is a summary statement for the next large section. (Luke 19:28—21:38). For Jesus, the road to Jerusalem has included miracles, parables, acceptance, and rejection. The week ahead will be eventful. First, a great crowd will accompany Him up the hill to the Temple Mount, crying His praises as king . But along the way, Jesus will catch sight of the city of Jerusalem and weep over its coming destruction by the Romans. Next, He will enter the temple courts and find them filled with merchants and vendors hawking items visitors need for the Passover in the area reserved for faithful Gentiles.
The Pharisees have set the scene better than the multitudes of Jesus' disciples. They told Jesus, "Teacher, rebuke your disciples" vs. 39. In this moment, they represent the Jewish leadership who will not follow the crowds in welcoming Jesus' arrival. They will reject their King and Messiah and manipulate the Roman governor to crucify Him.
Notice that this is no weak Jesus who becomes a victim of circumstances. He has a mission, and he’s in charge. His command is simple: “Go … you will find a colt … Untie it and bring it here. If anyone asks you, 'Why are you untying it?’ say, 'The Lord needs it.’” And that is enough. Jesus identifies himself as Lord, able to give commands and expect them to be obeyed. As Lord, he is fully aware of fulfilling a prophecy about riding a colt and proclaiming peace when he enters Jerusalem as King (see Zechariah 9:9-10). He brings the message of God’s love and salvation for all who believe in him, but he’s no pushover. He’s on a mission, and he will complete it. What he’s about to do, no one but the Son of God himself can do.
Still today, Jesus is not a Savior whom we may mold to our liking. He is “Lord,” expecting our acknowledgment and full obedience. Do you honor and obey that Jesus?
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: Triumph and Tragedy
Have you ever had a day that started out amazing but ended on a sour note? Maybe you got a promotion, aced a test, or finally had a long-overdue heart-to-heart with a friend. But then, just when everything seemed to be going right, something happened that left you feeling crushed—a harsh word, an unexpected problem, or a deep disappointment.
That’s a little like what we see in Luke 19:28–48. Jesus enters Jerusalem to the cheers of a joyful crowd. People wave palm branches, lay down their cloaks, and shout, “Blessed is the king who comes in the name of the Lord!” (Luke 19:38,). It’s a moment of triumph. But not long after, Jesus looks over the city and weeps. He sees the spiritual blindness of the people, their rejection of Him, and the coming destruction of Jerusalem. Then He enters the temple and, instead of finding a place of prayer, He sees corruption and greed—so He flips the tables and calls it out.
This passage reminds us that joy and sorrow often go hand in hand. Sometimes, we expect life to be all triumph, but Jesus shows us that even in the midst of celebration, there can be heartbreak. The good news? Jesus didn’t turn away from the hard moments. He still entered Jerusalem, knowing what was coming. And He does the same for us—walking with us through both the victories and the struggles, always offering His love and truth.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Have you ever been praised one moment but rejected the next? How did that feel?
2. Why do you think Jesus got so upset about people buying and selling in the temple?
3. Jesus wept over Jerusalem. What do you think He would weep over in our world today?
EXAMINE THE TEXT
Jesus Enters Jerusalem as King (Luke 19:28–40)
– Jesus is heading toward Jerusalem and sends two disciples ahead to get a young donkey. He knows exactly where it will be and tells them what to say if anyone asks.
– The disciples find the donkey just as Jesus said. When asked why they are taking it, they reply, “The Lord needs it,” and everything goes smoothly.
– The disciples place their cloaks on the donkey for Jesus to sit on. As He rides, the people spread their cloaks on the road, a sign of honor, like rolling out a red carpet.
– The crowd praises Jesus loudly, calling Him King. They shout, “Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord!” They recognize Him as the Messiah.
– The Pharisees don’t like this and tell Jesus to quiet the people. Jesus replies, “If they keep quiet, the stones will cry out!” He is saying that this moment is so important, even creation itself would praise Him if people didn’t.
Jesus Weeps for Jerusalem (Luke 19:41–44)
– As Jesus gets close to the city, He begins to cry. He knows that Jerusalem is missing its chance to recognize the Savior.
– Jesus prophesies that enemies will come and destroy the city because the people didn’t recognize “the time of God’s coming.” This points ahead to the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.
Jesus Clears the Temple (Luke 19:45–48)
– Jesus enters the Temple and sees people using it as a marketplace instead of a place of worship. He drives them out, quoting Scripture: “My house will be a house of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers.”
– Jesus continues teaching in the Temple daily. The religious leaders want to get rid of Him, but they can’t because the people love listening to Him.
This passage shows both triumph (Jesus being welcomed as King) and tragedy (His sadness over Jerusalem’s future and the corruption in the Temple). Let me know if you’d like me to tweak anything!
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU
One surprising part of this passage is Jesus weeping over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41). We often picture Jesus as strong and confident, but here, He shows deep sorrow. The city that was supposed to welcome the Messiah would ultimately reject Him. Jesus wasn’t just sad—He was grieving like someone mourning a lost loved one. This moment teaches us something powerful: God’s heart breaks when people turn away from Him. Jesus doesn’t just offer salvation; He longs for people to accept it. His tears show His deep love and the reality that rejecting Him has serious consequences.
CROSS-REFERENCE
Matthew 23:37 – “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing.”
Like in Luke 19, Jesus expresses deep sorrow over Jerusalem’s rejection of Him.
John 12:13 – “They took palm branches and went out to meet him, shouting, ‘Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the king of Israel!’”
This shows the excitement of Jesus’ triumphal entry, but we know it won’t last.
Isaiah 56:7 – “These I will bring to my holy mountain and give them joy in my house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and sacrifices will be accepted on my altar; for my house will be called a house of prayer for all nations.”
Jesus referenced this verse when cleansing the temple, reminding people of its true purpose.
Revelation 3:20 – “Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with that person, and they with me.”
Jesus’ sorrow over people rejecting Him reminds us that He still invites everyone to accept Him today.
MORE ON THE SUBJECT:
FLOW OF THOUGHT FROM SCRIPTURE:
1. The Triumphal Entry (Luke 19:35-38)
Scripture Reference: “They brought it to Jesus, threw their cloaks on the colt and put Jesus on it. As he went along, people spread their cloaks on the road. When he came near the place where the road goes down the Mount of Olives, the whole crowd of disciples began joyfully to praise God in loud voices for all the miracles they had seen: 'Blessed is the king who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!'” (Luke 19:35-38)
Point: Jesus fulfills prophecy (Zechariah 9:9), demonstrating His role as the humble and peaceful Messiah. His entrance into Jerusalem on a colt symbolizes humility and peace, contrasting with the expectations of a worldly king who would arrive on a powerful horse. Jesus, however, chose to make His entrance as a King of peace, inviting His followers to recognize the true nature of His reign.
Comment: Highlight the contrast between worldly kings, who often parade with power and dominance, and Jesus, who enters humbly and peacefully. Use this as an opportunity to discuss the type of kingship that Jesus embodies and how believers are called to reflect His humility and peace in their own lives. This also encourages students to understand that Jesus’ kingdom is not of this world, but one marked by love, service, and reconciliation.
Scripture Reference: “They brought it to Jesus, threw their cloaks on the colt and put Jesus on it. As he went along, people spread their cloaks on the road. When he came near the place where the road goes down the Mount of Olives, the whole crowd of disciples began joyfully to praise God in loud voices for all the miracles they had seen: 'Blessed is the king who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!'” (Luke 19:35-38)
Point: Jesus fulfills prophecy (Zechariah 9:9), demonstrating His role as the humble and peaceful Messiah. His entrance into Jerusalem on a colt symbolizes humility and peace, contrasting with the expectations of a worldly king who would arrive on a powerful horse. Jesus, however, chose to make His entrance as a King of peace, inviting His followers to recognize the true nature of His reign.
Comment: Highlight the contrast between worldly kings, who often parade with power and dominance, and Jesus, who enters humbly and peacefully. Use this as an opportunity to discuss the type of kingship that Jesus embodies and how believers are called to reflect His humility and peace in their own lives. This also encourages students to understand that Jesus’ kingdom is not of this world, but one marked by love, service, and reconciliation.
2. The Rebuke of the Pharisees (Luke 19:39-40)
Scripture Reference: “Some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to Jesus, 'Teacher, rebuke your disciples!' 'I tell you,' he replied, 'if they keep quiet, the stones will cry out.'” (Luke 19:39-40)
Point: True worship cannot be suppressed. Jesus' response emphasizes that the worship of God is an essential expression of His divine authority, and nothing, not even opposition, can silence it. The very stones, symbolic of inanimate creation, would declare His praise if people failed to do so.
Comment: Discuss the importance of courageously proclaiming Christ, even when facing opposition, just as Jesus affirmed that the worship of God cannot be silenced. Encouragement to be bold in their faith and to share the good news with others, no matter the obstacles. Use this passage as an opportunity to talk about the freedom and necessity of worship in a believer’s life, especially in the face of external pressures.
Scripture Reference: “Some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to Jesus, 'Teacher, rebuke your disciples!' 'I tell you,' he replied, 'if they keep quiet, the stones will cry out.'” (Luke 19:39-40)
Point: True worship cannot be suppressed. Jesus' response emphasizes that the worship of God is an essential expression of His divine authority, and nothing, not even opposition, can silence it. The very stones, symbolic of inanimate creation, would declare His praise if people failed to do so.
Comment: Discuss the importance of courageously proclaiming Christ, even when facing opposition, just as Jesus affirmed that the worship of God cannot be silenced. Encouragement to be bold in their faith and to share the good news with others, no matter the obstacles. Use this passage as an opportunity to talk about the freedom and necessity of worship in a believer’s life, especially in the face of external pressures.
3. Jesus Weeping Over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44)
Scripture Reference: “As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it and said, 'If you, even you, had only known on this day what would bring you peace—but now it is hidden from your eyes. The days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against you and encircle you and hem you in on every side. They will dash you to the ground, and the children within your walls will be thrown to the ground; they will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of God’s coming to you.'” (Luke 19:41-44)
Point: Jesus' compassion and grief reveal God’s heart for the lost and the consequences of rejecting Him. Jesus is deeply sorrowful over the fate of Jerusalem, which failed to recognize and accept God's visitation. His weeping reveals the heart of God, desiring reconciliation, but also acknowledging the consequences of ignoring His offer of peace.
Comment: Encouragement to reflect on their own response to God's call and to examine their hearts. Do they recognize the time of God's coming in their lives? Discuss the responsibility believers have to share God’s message with others, so that they too may recognize the time of God's coming. Jesus' sorrow for those who reject Him reminds us that God's heart is full of compassion for the lost, and we are called to be agents of that message.
Scripture Reference: “As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it and said, 'If you, even you, had only known on this day what would bring you peace—but now it is hidden from your eyes. The days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against you and encircle you and hem you in on every side. They will dash you to the ground, and the children within your walls will be thrown to the ground; they will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of God’s coming to you.'” (Luke 19:41-44)
Point: Jesus' compassion and grief reveal God’s heart for the lost and the consequences of rejecting Him. Jesus is deeply sorrowful over the fate of Jerusalem, which failed to recognize and accept God's visitation. His weeping reveals the heart of God, desiring reconciliation, but also acknowledging the consequences of ignoring His offer of peace.
Comment: Encouragement to reflect on their own response to God's call and to examine their hearts. Do they recognize the time of God's coming in their lives? Discuss the responsibility believers have to share God’s message with others, so that they too may recognize the time of God's coming. Jesus' sorrow for those who reject Him reminds us that God's heart is full of compassion for the lost, and we are called to be agents of that message.
4. Cleansing the Temple (Luke 19:45-48)
Scripture Reference: “When Jesus entered the temple courts, he began to drive out those who were selling. 'It is written,' he said to them, 'My house will be a house of prayer; but you have made it 'a den of robbers.' Every day he was teaching at the temple. But the chief priests, the teachers of the law, and the leaders among the people were trying to kill him. Yet they could not find any way to do it, because all the people hung on his words.” (Luke 19:45-48)
Point: Jesus demonstrates that God’s holiness demands sincere worship. The temple, intended as a place for people to connect with God, had become corrupted by commercial interests. Jesus’ actions remind us that worship is not about personal gain but about offering our hearts in sincere devotion to God. His cleansing of the temple is a powerful symbol of purifying worship.
Comment: Focus on the importance of worship in the right spirit, not for personal advantage. This is a great moment to consider the significance of the temple in Jewish worship and what it represents for Christians today: the need for our hearts to be pure and focused on God in our worship. Encouragement to evaluate their own approach to worship—whether it is sincere, focused on God, and free from distractions or self-serving motives.
Jesus' lament over Jerusalem in Luke 19:41, "You did not recognize the time of God's coming to you," expresses deep sorrow for the city's inability to recognize the Messiah, leading to its eventual judgment. This theme of divine grief over the lost and the consequences of rejecting God is woven throughout both the Old and New Testaments. Below are some key examples from both parts of the Bible where God's heart for the lost is revealed, along with commentary on the consequences of rejecting Him.
Scripture Reference: “When Jesus entered the temple courts, he began to drive out those who were selling. 'It is written,' he said to them, 'My house will be a house of prayer; but you have made it 'a den of robbers.' Every day he was teaching at the temple. But the chief priests, the teachers of the law, and the leaders among the people were trying to kill him. Yet they could not find any way to do it, because all the people hung on his words.” (Luke 19:45-48)
Point: Jesus demonstrates that God’s holiness demands sincere worship. The temple, intended as a place for people to connect with God, had become corrupted by commercial interests. Jesus’ actions remind us that worship is not about personal gain but about offering our hearts in sincere devotion to God. His cleansing of the temple is a powerful symbol of purifying worship.
Comment: Focus on the importance of worship in the right spirit, not for personal advantage. This is a great moment to consider the significance of the temple in Jewish worship and what it represents for Christians today: the need for our hearts to be pure and focused on God in our worship. Encouragement to evaluate their own approach to worship—whether it is sincere, focused on God, and free from distractions or self-serving motives.
Jesus' lament over Jerusalem in Luke 19:41, "You did not recognize the time of God's coming to you," expresses deep sorrow for the city's inability to recognize the Messiah, leading to its eventual judgment. This theme of divine grief over the lost and the consequences of rejecting God is woven throughout both the Old and New Testaments. Below are some key examples from both parts of the Bible where God's heart for the lost is revealed, along with commentary on the consequences of rejecting Him.
1. God's Grief Over Israel's Rejection of Him - Old Testament
Hosea 11:8-9 "How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? How can I make you like Admah? How can I treat you like Zeboiim? My heart is changed within me; all my compassion is aroused. I will not carry out my fierce anger, nor will I devastate Ephraim again. For I am God, and not a man—the Holy One among you. I will not come in wrath."
Commentary: This passage from Hosea highlights God's deep emotional response to Israel's rejection and unfaithfulness. The imagery of God grappling with the idea of judgment reflects His grief. Despite Israel's continual disobedience, God is unwilling to completely destroy them because of His nature as compassionate and merciful. This passage echoes a recurring theme of divine sorrow over sin and the broken relationship caused by rejection. It shows God’s reluctance to judge, despite the necessity of it, and His desire for reconciliation.
Hosea 11:8-9 "How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? How can I make you like Admah? How can I treat you like Zeboiim? My heart is changed within me; all my compassion is aroused. I will not carry out my fierce anger, nor will I devastate Ephraim again. For I am God, and not a man—the Holy One among you. I will not come in wrath."
Commentary: This passage from Hosea highlights God's deep emotional response to Israel's rejection and unfaithfulness. The imagery of God grappling with the idea of judgment reflects His grief. Despite Israel's continual disobedience, God is unwilling to completely destroy them because of His nature as compassionate and merciful. This passage echoes a recurring theme of divine sorrow over sin and the broken relationship caused by rejection. It shows God’s reluctance to judge, despite the necessity of it, and His desire for reconciliation.
2. The Call to Repentance and the Rejection of God’s Grace - Old Testament
Jeremiah 8:20-22 "The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved. Since my people are crushed, I am crushed; I mourn, and horror grips me. Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there? Why then is there no healing for the wound of my people?"
Commentary: Jeremiah’s lament speaks of God’s mourning over the spiritual wound of His people. The people of Israel have rejected the healing that God offered through repentance. The phrase "Is there no balm in Gilead?" is a rhetorical question that points to the availability of God's mercy and the failure of the people to respond. This speaks to God's sorrow over the lost opportunity for healing and the consequences of continued disobedience and rejection.
Jeremiah 8:20-22 "The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved. Since my people are crushed, I am crushed; I mourn, and horror grips me. Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there? Why then is there no healing for the wound of my people?"
Commentary: Jeremiah’s lament speaks of God’s mourning over the spiritual wound of His people. The people of Israel have rejected the healing that God offered through repentance. The phrase "Is there no balm in Gilead?" is a rhetorical question that points to the availability of God's mercy and the failure of the people to respond. This speaks to God's sorrow over the lost opportunity for healing and the consequences of continued disobedience and rejection.
3. Jesus Weeping Over Jerusalem - New Testament
Luke 19:41-44 "As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it and said, 'If you, even you, had only known on this day what would bring you peace—but now it is hidden from your eyes. The days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against you and encircle you and hem you in on every side. They will dash you to the ground, and the children within your walls will be thrown to the ground; they will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of God’s coming to you.'"
Commentary: This moment in the New Testament highlights Jesus' deep compassion and grief for Jerusalem, which represents the larger rejection of God’s plan for salvation. His tears reflect God's sorrow over human stubbornness and the tragedy of not recognizing the opportunity for peace and salvation. The consequences of rejecting God are spelled out here—Jerusalem would face destruction, both as a city and as a symbol of the rejection of divine grace. This passage emphasizes both the compassion of Jesus and the inevitability of judgment when the time of God's visitation is ignored.
Luke 19:41-44 "As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it and said, 'If you, even you, had only known on this day what would bring you peace—but now it is hidden from your eyes. The days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against you and encircle you and hem you in on every side. They will dash you to the ground, and the children within your walls will be thrown to the ground; they will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of God’s coming to you.'"
Commentary: This moment in the New Testament highlights Jesus' deep compassion and grief for Jerusalem, which represents the larger rejection of God’s plan for salvation. His tears reflect God's sorrow over human stubbornness and the tragedy of not recognizing the opportunity for peace and salvation. The consequences of rejecting God are spelled out here—Jerusalem would face destruction, both as a city and as a symbol of the rejection of divine grace. This passage emphasizes both the compassion of Jesus and the inevitability of judgment when the time of God's visitation is ignored.
4. Jesus’ Lament Over Jerusalem’s Rejection of Him - New Testament
Matthew 23:37-39 "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing. Look, your house is left to you desolate. For I tell you, you will not see me again until you say, 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.'"
Commentary: In this passage, Jesus expresses His longing to protect and gather the people of Israel as a hen gathers her chicks, symbolizing His deep desire to care for them and protect them from destruction. The rejection of the prophets and the refusal to embrace Jesus' message of salvation leads to the desolation of the nation. The phrase "your house is left to you desolate" is a profound statement about the consequences of rejecting God's grace. Jesus weeps over the future suffering that will come as a result of this rejection, but also hints at future restoration when Israel recognizes Him as the Messiah.
Matthew 23:37-39 "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing. Look, your house is left to you desolate. For I tell you, you will not see me again until you say, 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.'"
Commentary: In this passage, Jesus expresses His longing to protect and gather the people of Israel as a hen gathers her chicks, symbolizing His deep desire to care for them and protect them from destruction. The rejection of the prophets and the refusal to embrace Jesus' message of salvation leads to the desolation of the nation. The phrase "your house is left to you desolate" is a profound statement about the consequences of rejecting God's grace. Jesus weeps over the future suffering that will come as a result of this rejection, but also hints at future restoration when Israel recognizes Him as the Messiah.
5. Jesus' Compassion for the Lost - Parable of the Lost Sheep
Luke 15:4-7 "Suppose one of you has a hundred sheep and loses one of them. Does he not leave the ninety-nine in the open country and go after the lost sheep until he finds it? And when he finds it, he joyfully puts it on his shoulders and goes home. Then he calls his friends and neighbors together and says, 'Rejoice with me; I have found my lost sheep.' I tell you that in the same way there will be more rejoicing in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who do not need to repent."
Commentary: This parable beautifully portrays the heart of God for the lost. Jesus illustrates the lengths God is willing to go to for the sake of one lost soul. The shepherd’s joy when he finds the lost sheep emphasizes the immense value of each person to God. This passage highlights not only God's compassion but also the joyful response in heaven when a sinner repents. It reinforces the importance of repentance and the reality of consequences for those who remain lost in their sin.
Luke 15:4-7 "Suppose one of you has a hundred sheep and loses one of them. Does he not leave the ninety-nine in the open country and go after the lost sheep until he finds it? And when he finds it, he joyfully puts it on his shoulders and goes home. Then he calls his friends and neighbors together and says, 'Rejoice with me; I have found my lost sheep.' I tell you that in the same way there will be more rejoicing in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who do not need to repent."
Commentary: This parable beautifully portrays the heart of God for the lost. Jesus illustrates the lengths God is willing to go to for the sake of one lost soul. The shepherd’s joy when he finds the lost sheep emphasizes the immense value of each person to God. This passage highlights not only God's compassion but also the joyful response in heaven when a sinner repents. It reinforces the importance of repentance and the reality of consequences for those who remain lost in their sin.
6. The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus - New Testament
Luke 16:19-31 In the parable, the rich man, after death, finds himself in torment, while Lazarus, the poor man who suffered on earth, is comforted in heaven. The rich man begs Abraham to send Lazarus to warn his family, but Abraham replies, "They have Moses and the Prophets; let them listen to them."
Commentary: This parable starkly contrasts the eternal destinies of the rich man and Lazarus, highlighting the finality of judgment after death. The rich man's inability to escape his torment after death underscores the consequences of ignoring God's call and living in selfish disregard for others. His desire for mercy after death, though poignant, reveals the unchangeable nature of judgment once the opportunity for repentance has passed. The story warns about the danger of disregarding God’s word and the eternal separation that results from rejecting His call.
Luke 16:19-31 In the parable, the rich man, after death, finds himself in torment, while Lazarus, the poor man who suffered on earth, is comforted in heaven. The rich man begs Abraham to send Lazarus to warn his family, but Abraham replies, "They have Moses and the Prophets; let them listen to them."
Commentary: This parable starkly contrasts the eternal destinies of the rich man and Lazarus, highlighting the finality of judgment after death. The rich man's inability to escape his torment after death underscores the consequences of ignoring God's call and living in selfish disregard for others. His desire for mercy after death, though poignant, reveals the unchangeable nature of judgment once the opportunity for repentance has passed. The story warns about the danger of disregarding God’s word and the eternal separation that results from rejecting His call.
Conclusion
From both the Old and New Testaments, the Bible repeatedly reveals God's compassionate heart for the lost, as well as the sobering consequences of rejecting Him. In the Old Testament, God's grief over Israel's repeated unfaithfulness and His longing for their repentance demonstrate His mercy and desire to restore. In the New Testament, Jesus' lamentations over Jerusalem, His parables of the lost, and His sacrificial acts all emphasize the same deep sorrow over humanity’s rejection of divine love, as well as the inevitable judgment that follows. Through these passages, we see both the compassionate heart of God and the seriousness of rejecting His salvation.
A VIEW OF HARDSHIPS:
People today are facing a host of difficult challenges—whether it’s natural disasters, financial struggles, or emotional distress. These circumstances can feel overwhelming and discouraging, but the act of praising God in the midst of these trials can offer profound hope, peace, and even strength in the face of hardship.
Here are a few ways praising God in such times can help our perspective, bring healing, and make things better for those affected:
From both the Old and New Testaments, the Bible repeatedly reveals God's compassionate heart for the lost, as well as the sobering consequences of rejecting Him. In the Old Testament, God's grief over Israel's repeated unfaithfulness and His longing for their repentance demonstrate His mercy and desire to restore. In the New Testament, Jesus' lamentations over Jerusalem, His parables of the lost, and His sacrificial acts all emphasize the same deep sorrow over humanity’s rejection of divine love, as well as the inevitable judgment that follows. Through these passages, we see both the compassionate heart of God and the seriousness of rejecting His salvation.
A VIEW OF HARDSHIPS:
People today are facing a host of difficult challenges—whether it’s natural disasters, financial struggles, or emotional distress. These circumstances can feel overwhelming and discouraging, but the act of praising God in the midst of these trials can offer profound hope, peace, and even strength in the face of hardship.
Here are a few ways praising God in such times can help our perspective, bring healing, and make things better for those affected:
1. Praise Shifts Focus from Problems to God’s Power and Provision
Scripture Reference: “I will bless the Lord at all times; His praise shall continually be in my mouth.” (Psalm 34:1)
Explanation: Praising God is a choice to shift our focus from the chaos and struggles we face to the sovereign power of God. When we praise God, we acknowledge that He is bigger than any storm or disaster and that He remains faithful even when circumstances seem bleak. Praising God doesn’t deny the reality of the situation, but it reorients our hearts and minds toward His eternal goodness and faithfulness.
How it helps: When facing financial struggles, emotional pain, or loss, choosing to praise God can bring a sense of perspective—reminding us that He is with us through it all and that He holds the future in His hands. It can help us find strength and peace amidst adversity.
Scripture Reference: “I will bless the Lord at all times; His praise shall continually be in my mouth.” (Psalm 34:1)
Explanation: Praising God is a choice to shift our focus from the chaos and struggles we face to the sovereign power of God. When we praise God, we acknowledge that He is bigger than any storm or disaster and that He remains faithful even when circumstances seem bleak. Praising God doesn’t deny the reality of the situation, but it reorients our hearts and minds toward His eternal goodness and faithfulness.
How it helps: When facing financial struggles, emotional pain, or loss, choosing to praise God can bring a sense of perspective—reminding us that He is with us through it all and that He holds the future in His hands. It can help us find strength and peace amidst adversity.
2. Praise Invites God’s Presence and Peace
Scripture Reference: “You will keep in perfect peace those whose minds are steadfast, because they trust in you.” (Isaiah 26:3)
Explanation: When we praise God, we invite His peace into our hearts and lives. Praising God helps us surrender our anxieties and burdens to Him, recognizing that He is ultimately in control. This peace isn’t the absence of difficulty, but the presence of God's comfort in the midst of it.
How it helps: When we’re struggling with emotional distress or uncertainty, praise can be a tool to quiet the noise of our worries. It calms our spirits and opens our hearts to receive God's peace, which is not dependent on external circumstances.
Scripture Reference: “You will keep in perfect peace those whose minds are steadfast, because they trust in you.” (Isaiah 26:3)
Explanation: When we praise God, we invite His peace into our hearts and lives. Praising God helps us surrender our anxieties and burdens to Him, recognizing that He is ultimately in control. This peace isn’t the absence of difficulty, but the presence of God's comfort in the midst of it.
How it helps: When we’re struggling with emotional distress or uncertainty, praise can be a tool to quiet the noise of our worries. It calms our spirits and opens our hearts to receive God's peace, which is not dependent on external circumstances.
3. Praise Reminds Us of God’s Faithfulness and Past Provision
Scripture Reference: “Let everything that has breath praise the Lord. Praise the Lord.” (Psalm 150:6)
Explanation: Praising God helps us remember His faithfulness in past seasons. When we look back on all the ways He’s provided and sustained us—whether through previous hardships, answers to prayer, or blessings we might have overlooked—praise becomes a reminder that God has always been present, and He will continue to be.
How it helps: If someone has lost their home or job, praising God and remembering His past faithfulness can help them trust that God will provide for them in this new season. It also builds faith that God will see them through, just as He has in the past.
Scripture Reference: “Let everything that has breath praise the Lord. Praise the Lord.” (Psalm 150:6)
Explanation: Praising God helps us remember His faithfulness in past seasons. When we look back on all the ways He’s provided and sustained us—whether through previous hardships, answers to prayer, or blessings we might have overlooked—praise becomes a reminder that God has always been present, and He will continue to be.
How it helps: If someone has lost their home or job, praising God and remembering His past faithfulness can help them trust that God will provide for them in this new season. It also builds faith that God will see them through, just as He has in the past.
4. Praise Strengthens Our Faith and Hope for the Future
Scripture Reference: “Though the fig tree does not bud and there are no grapes on the vines, though the olive crop fails and the fields produce no food, though there are no sheep in the pen and no cattle in the stalls, yet I will rejoice in the Lord, I will be joyful in God my Savior.” (Habakkuk 3:17-18)
Explanation: Praise isn’t just for when things are going well; it’s especially powerful in times of struggle. In Habakkuk 3:17-18, the prophet declares his intention to rejoice even when everything around him seems bleak. Praise in the midst of suffering is an act of faith, declaring that God’s goodness and sovereignty are not contingent on our circumstances.
How it helps: When we praise God, we are choosing hope and looking to the future with faith that God will bring restoration and healing. It strengthens our resolve to persevere, even when the path forward seems unclear.
Scripture Reference: “Though the fig tree does not bud and there are no grapes on the vines, though the olive crop fails and the fields produce no food, though there are no sheep in the pen and no cattle in the stalls, yet I will rejoice in the Lord, I will be joyful in God my Savior.” (Habakkuk 3:17-18)
Explanation: Praise isn’t just for when things are going well; it’s especially powerful in times of struggle. In Habakkuk 3:17-18, the prophet declares his intention to rejoice even when everything around him seems bleak. Praise in the midst of suffering is an act of faith, declaring that God’s goodness and sovereignty are not contingent on our circumstances.
How it helps: When we praise God, we are choosing hope and looking to the future with faith that God will bring restoration and healing. It strengthens our resolve to persevere, even when the path forward seems unclear.
5. Praise Unites and Encourages Others
Scripture Reference: “Sing to the Lord a new song; sing to the Lord, all the earth. Sing to the Lord, praise his name; proclaim his salvation day after day.” (Psalm 96:1-2)
Explanation: Praise isn’t only an individual act; it’s a communal one. When we praise God together—whether in a church setting, a small group, or with family—we are encouraging one another and building up the body of Christ. In times of trouble, this unity can be a powerful source of comfort and strength.
How it helps: People who are struggling with loss, financial difficulty, or emotional pain can find hope in the collective worship of God. When we sing and praise God, we affirm each other’s faith and create a space for shared hope. This can help lighten the burden for those who are struggling and remind them they are not alone in their pain.
Scripture Reference: “Sing to the Lord a new song; sing to the Lord, all the earth. Sing to the Lord, praise his name; proclaim his salvation day after day.” (Psalm 96:1-2)
Explanation: Praise isn’t only an individual act; it’s a communal one. When we praise God together—whether in a church setting, a small group, or with family—we are encouraging one another and building up the body of Christ. In times of trouble, this unity can be a powerful source of comfort and strength.
How it helps: People who are struggling with loss, financial difficulty, or emotional pain can find hope in the collective worship of God. When we sing and praise God, we affirm each other’s faith and create a space for shared hope. This can help lighten the burden for those who are struggling and remind them they are not alone in their pain.
6. Praise Declares God's Authority Over Circumstances
Scripture Reference: “The Lord reigns, let the earth be glad; let the distant shores rejoice.” (Psalm 97:1)
Explanation: Praising God is a declaration of His authority over all creation, including our personal circumstances. Praise is a spiritual act of warfare that declares God’s sovereignty and invites Him to move in ways that we cannot predict or control. Even in a world filled with uncertainty, praise acknowledges that God reigns over all.
How it helps: In the face of weather disasters, rising costs, or emotional distress, praising God affirms that He has the final say over everything. This can help shift the focus from feeling powerless to recognizing that God is working behind the scenes, bringing about His good purposes.
Scripture Reference: “The Lord reigns, let the earth be glad; let the distant shores rejoice.” (Psalm 97:1)
Explanation: Praising God is a declaration of His authority over all creation, including our personal circumstances. Praise is a spiritual act of warfare that declares God’s sovereignty and invites Him to move in ways that we cannot predict or control. Even in a world filled with uncertainty, praise acknowledges that God reigns over all.
How it helps: In the face of weather disasters, rising costs, or emotional distress, praising God affirms that He has the final say over everything. This can help shift the focus from feeling powerless to recognizing that God is working behind the scenes, bringing about His good purposes.
7. Praise Offers a Sacrifice of Worship
Scripture Reference: “Through Jesus, therefore, let us continually offer to God a sacrifice of praise—the fruit of lips that openly profess his name.” (Hebrews 13:15)
Explanation: Sometimes praise requires a sacrifice—especially when it’s hard to feel joyful in the midst of suffering. However, offering God praise in difficult times is a powerful expression of trust and obedience. It acknowledges that God is worthy of worship regardless of our circumstances.
How it helps: This kind of sacrificial praise can be transformation, helping us grow in trust and find a deeper connection with God. It’s a way of demonstrating that our faith in God isn’t dependent on our feelings or situations but on His unfailing character.
Scripture Reference: “Through Jesus, therefore, let us continually offer to God a sacrifice of praise—the fruit of lips that openly profess his name.” (Hebrews 13:15)
Explanation: Sometimes praise requires a sacrifice—especially when it’s hard to feel joyful in the midst of suffering. However, offering God praise in difficult times is a powerful expression of trust and obedience. It acknowledges that God is worthy of worship regardless of our circumstances.
How it helps: This kind of sacrificial praise can be transformation, helping us grow in trust and find a deeper connection with God. It’s a way of demonstrating that our faith in God isn’t dependent on our feelings or situations but on His unfailing character.
Conclusion: How Praising God Makes Things Better
Praising God doesn’t erase our problems, but it changes the way we experience them. In moments of hardship, praise provides a spiritual reset, bringing God’s peace, perspective, and presence into our situations. When we praise God, we:
Focus on His power and provision.
Invite His peace into our hearts.
Remind ourselves of His faithfulness and provision.
Strengthen our faith and hope for the future.
Unite and encourage one another.
Declare His authority over our circumstances.
Offer a sacrificial act of trust and worship.
By praising God, we move from a place of despair to a place of hope, even in the midst of difficulty. Praise doesn’t change the situation, but it changes us, helping us to see through God’s eyes, to experience His presence more deeply, and to remember that He is with us in every storm.
Session 27 - Jesus; Answers—Issues—Challenges (Luke 20:1–21:4)
READ - Luke 20:1–21:4 (NLT)
Alastair Begg Sermons— Parable of the Tenants & Teaching at the Temple
Praising God doesn’t erase our problems, but it changes the way we experience them. In moments of hardship, praise provides a spiritual reset, bringing God’s peace, perspective, and presence into our situations. When we praise God, we:
Focus on His power and provision.
Invite His peace into our hearts.
Remind ourselves of His faithfulness and provision.
Strengthen our faith and hope for the future.
Unite and encourage one another.
Declare His authority over our circumstances.
Offer a sacrificial act of trust and worship.
By praising God, we move from a place of despair to a place of hope, even in the midst of difficulty. Praise doesn’t change the situation, but it changes us, helping us to see through God’s eyes, to experience His presence more deeply, and to remember that He is with us in every storm.
Session 27 - Jesus; Answers—Issues—Challenges (Luke 20:1–21:4)
READ - Luke 20:1–21:4 (NLT)
Alastair Begg Sermons— Parable of the Tenants & Teaching at the Temple
The Authority of Jesus Challenged
1 One day as Jesus was teaching the people and preaching the Good News in the Temple, the leading priests, the teachers of religious law, and the elders came up to him. 2 They demanded, “By what authority are you doing all these things? Who gave you the right?”
3 “Let me ask you a question first,” he replied. 4 “Did John’s authority to baptize come from heaven, or was it merely human?”
5 They talked it over among themselves. “If we say it was from heaven, he will ask why we didn’t believe John. 6 But if we say it was merely human, the people will stone us because they are convinced John was a prophet.” 7 So they finally replied that they didn’t know.
8 And Jesus responded, “Then I won’t tell you by what authority I do these things.”
Parable of the Evil Farmers
9 Now Jesus turned to the people again and told them this story: “A man planted a vineyard, leased it to tenant farmers, and moved to another country to live for several years. 10 At the time of the grape harvest, he sent one of his servants to collect his share of the crop. But the farmers attacked the servant, beat him up, and sent him back empty-handed. 11 So the owner sent another servant, but they also insulted him, beat him up, and sent him away empty-handed. 12 A third man was sent, and they wounded him and chased him away.
13 “‘What will I do?’ the owner asked himself. ‘I know! I’ll send my cherished son. Surely they will respect him.’
14 “But when the tenant farmers saw his son, they said to each other, ‘Here comes the heir to this estate. Let’s kill him and get the estate for ourselves!’ 15 So they dragged him out of the vineyard and murdered him.
“What do you suppose the owner of the vineyard will do to them?” Jesus asked. 16 “I’ll tell you—he will come and kill those farmers and lease the vineyard to others.”
“How terrible that such a thing should ever happen,” his listeners protested.
17 Jesus looked at them and said, “Then what does this Scripture mean? ‘The stone that the builders rejected has now become the cornerstone.’
18 Everyone who stumbles over that stone will be broken to pieces, and it will crush anyone it falls on.”
19 The teachers of religious law and the leading priests wanted to arrest Jesus immediately because they realized he was telling the story against them—they were the wicked farmers. But they were afraid of the people’s reaction.
Taxes for Caesar
20 Watching for their opportunity, the leaders sent spies pretending to be honest men. They tried to get Jesus to say something that could be reported to the Roman governor so he would arrest Jesus. 21 “Teacher,” they said, “we know that you speak and teach what is right and are not influenced by what others think. You teach the way of God truthfully. 22 Now tell us—is it right for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”
23 He saw through their trickery and said, 24 “Show me a Roman coin. Whose picture and title are stamped on it?” “Caesar’s,” they replied.
25 “Well then,” he said, “give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and give to God what belongs to God.”
26 So they failed to trap him by what he said in front of the people. Instead, they were amazed by his answer, and they became silent.
Discussion about Resurrection
27 Then Jesus was approached by some Sadducees—religious leaders who say there is no resurrection from the dead. 28 They posed this question: “Teacher, Moses gave us a law that if a man dies, leaving a wife but no children, his brother should marry the widow and have a child who will carry on the brother’s name. 29 Well, suppose there were seven brothers. The oldest one married and then died without children. 30 So the second brother married the widow, but he also died. 31 Then the third brother married her. This continued with all seven of them, who died without children. 32 Finally, the woman also died. 33 So tell us, whose wife will she be in the resurrection? For all seven were married to her!”
34 Jesus replied, “Marriage is for people here on earth. 35 But in the age to come, those worthy of being raised from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage. 36 And they will never die again. In this respect they will be like angels. They are children of God and children of the resurrection.
37 “But now, as to whether the dead will be raised—even Moses proved this when he wrote about the burning bush. Long after Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob had died, he referred to the Lord as ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ 38 So he is the God of the living, not the dead, for they are all alive to him.”
39 “Well said, Teacher!” remarked some of the teachers of religious law who were standing there. 40 And then no one dared to ask him any more questions.
Whose Son Is the Messiah?
41 Then Jesus presented them with a question. “Why is it,” he asked, “that the Messiah is said to be the son of David? 42 For David himself wrote in the book of Psalms: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, 42 Sit in the place of honor at my right hand until I humble your enemies, making them a footstool under your feet.’
44 Since David called the Messiah ‘Lord,’ how can the Messiah be his son?”
45 Then, with the crowds listening, he turned to his disciples and said, 46 “Beware of these teachers of religious law! For they like to parade around in flowing robes and love to receive respectful greetings as they walk in the marketplaces. And how they love the seats of honor in the synagogues and the head table at banquets. 47 Yet they shamelessly cheat widows out of their property and then pretend to be pious by making long prayers in public. Because of this, they will be severely punished.”
Luke 21:1-24
The Widow’s Offering
1 While Jesus was in the Temple, he watched the rich people dropping their gifts in the collection box. 2 Then a poor widow came by and dropped in two small coins.
3 “I tell you the truth,” Jesus said, “this poor widow has given more than all the rest of them. 4 For they have given a tiny part of their surplus, but she, poor as she is, has given everything she has.”
OVERVIEW:
In this passage, Luke describes how Jerusalem's religious leaders fight with Jesus over His authority. Among these critics are scribes, priests, Pharisees, and Sadducees. The religious leaders challenge Jesus' authority (Luke 20:1–8). Jesus uses a parable to compare His authority to that of the religious leaders (Luke 20:9–18). The scribes and chief priests use the Law to try to discredit Jesus (Luke 20:19–26). The Sadducees use the Law to try to discredit Jesus (Luke 20:27–40). Jesus uses Scripture to compare His authority to that of the King David (Luke 20:41–44). Jesus challenges the religious leaders' authority (Luke 20:45–47).
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU:
One surprising part of this passage is how Jesus answers tricky questions with His own questions. In Luke 20:1-8, the religious leaders ask Jesus, “By what authority are you doing these things?” Instead of answering directly, Jesus asks them about John the Baptist’s authority. Why? Because He knows their motives. If they admit John’s message was from God, they must also admit Jesus is the Messiah. But if they deny it, the people will turn on them. This strategy shows that Jesus isn’t just wise—He understands hearts. Sometimes, the best way to respond to a challenge isn’t with a quick answer, but by making people think for themselves.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY:
It was common in Jesus’ day for one person to own land farmed by another. This is still true today. Understandably, at harvest time, a payment for the use of the land is expected. But in Jesus’ story, the tenants refused to pay, and they violently attacked the landlord’s representatives—even killing his own son.
Jesus told this story as a warning to his opponents among the religious leaders. Just as past generations had ignored and mistreated God’s Word through the prophets, the religious leaders of his day were rejecting God’s own Son.
Jesus’ words are intended to draw our attention to the harvest day too. The Bible makes clear that what we have does not belong to us; we are stewards of all that God has made us to be and given us to use. Though we may not literally beat and kill prophetic figures, we too may tend to live as if God were not present with us each day. Jesus warns that eventually, our harvest time will come, either through death or at Christ’s return. Then we will have to give an account of our relationship with him as stewards of his gifts.
Our lives are not our own; we belong to God, and we are called to live for God. What are you doing to deepen your relationship with the Son so that you are prepared at harvest time?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Have you ever been asked a tough question about your faith? How did you respond?
2. Why do you think Jesus praised the widow who gave only two small coins? (Luke 21:1-4)
3. Jesus warns about religious leaders who love attention but lack sincerity (Luke 20:46-47). How does this apply to us today?
EXAMINE THE TEXT
Jesus’ Authority Challenged (Luke 20:1–8)
– The religious leaders ask Jesus, “By what authority are you doing these things?” They want to trap Him into saying something they can use against Him.
– Jesus responds with a question about John the Baptist: “Was his baptism from heaven, or was it from men?”
– The leaders realize they’re stuck. If they say “from heaven,” Jesus will ask why they didn’t believe John. If they say “from men,” the people will turn on them because they believed John was a prophet. So they refuse to answer.
– Since they won’t answer, Jesus doesn’t tell them by what authority He acts. He exposes their dishonesty.
The Parable of the Wicked Tenants (Luke 20:9–19)
– Jesus tells a story about a landowner who rents his vineyard to tenants. When he sends servants to collect what is due, the tenants mistreat them.
– Finally, the owner sends his beloved son, thinking they will respect him. Instead, they kill him, hoping to take the vineyard for themselves.
– Jesus explains that the owner (God) will remove the wicked tenants (religious leaders) and give the vineyard (God’s kingdom) to others. The leaders realize Jesus is talking about them and want to arrest Him, but they’re afraid of the crowd.
Paying Taxes to Caesar (Luke 20:20–26)
– The leaders try another trap. They ask Jesus if it’s right to pay taxes to Caesar, hoping to get Him in trouble with either the Romans or the Jewish people.
– Jesus asks for a Roman coin and points out Caesar’s image on it. Then He says, “Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.” He avoids their trap by teaching obedience to both government and God.
– His enemies are amazed and fall silent.
Marriage at the Resurrection (Luke 20:27–40)
– Some Sadducees (who don’t believe in resurrection) ask a trick question about a woman who had seven husbands—whose wife will she be in heaven?
– Jesus explains that life after resurrection is different. People won’t marry in heaven because they will be like angels.
– He proves resurrection is real by quoting Moses, showing that God is “not the God of the dead, but of the living.”
– Some leaders are impressed and say, “Well said, teacher!” After this, no one dares to challenge Him further.
Jesus Questions the Leaders (Luke 20:41–44)
– Jesus asks them how the Messiah can be both David’s son and his Lord (Psalm 110:1). They can’t answer, showing they don’t fully understand the Messiah’s identity.
Warning Against Hypocrisy (Luke 20:45–47)
– Jesus warns the people about teachers of the law who seek power and recognition but mistreat widows. He says they will face severe judgment.
The Widow’s Offering (Luke 21:1–4)
– Jesus sees rich people giving large amounts at the Temple, but also notices a poor widow giving two small coins.
– He says she gave more than all the others because she gave everything she had, while they gave only a little from their wealth.
This passage shows how Jesus skillfully answers tough questions, exposes hypocrisy, and challenges people’s hearts. It ends with a beautiful moment of faith from the widow, reminding us that God values our hearts, not just our actions.
CROSS-REFERENCE
Matthew 10:16 – “I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves.”
Jesus’ wisdom in answering the religious leaders reflects this principle—He was both wise and pure in His responses.
James 1:5 – “If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to you.”
Just as Jesus demonstrated wisdom in His responses, we too can ask God for wisdom when we face challenges.
2 Corinthians 9:7 – “Each of you should give what you have decided in your heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.”
This connects to the widow’s offering—giving is about the heart, not the amount.
Micah 6:8 – “He has shown you, O mortal, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.”
This contrasts with the religious leaders Jesus warned about. True faith isn’t about status but about humility and justice.
CLASS DISCUSSION NOTES:
The
Sadducees were a Jewish sect active during the Second Temple period,
roughly from the 2nd century BCE to the destruction of the Temple in
70 CE. They were associated with the aristocratic and priestly class,
holding significant political and religious influence. Their name is
thought to derive from Zadok, a high priest during the time of King
Solomon.
The
Sadducees adhered strictly to the written Torah (the first five books
of the Bible) and rejected oral traditions, which set them apart from
the Pharisees. They denied beliefs in the resurrection of the dead,
the immortality of the soul, and the existence of angels and spirits.
Their theology emphasized free will and ritual purity.
They
played a key role in maintaining the Temple in Jerusalem and were
often seen as defenders of the status quo. However, their wealth and
alignment with Roman rulers made them unpopular among the common
people. The sect became extinct after the Temple's destruction in 70
CE1.
Luke 20:27
says " Then Jesus was approached by some Sadducees—religious
leaders who say there is no resurrection from the dead." I was
thinking, now here is a group of leaders who had it all figured out,
with their wealth, political power and fine dress. They must have
really think they are something. Sounds like a dangerous recipe for
trouble. What do you think?
The
Sadducees were indeed an influential group, with wealth, social
status, and political power, but that combination often carries its
own risks. Being in positions of privilege and authority can
sometimes lead to a sense of superiority or detachment from the
struggles of ordinary people—a dangerous recipe.
Their
rejection of the resurrection and other spiritual beliefs may have
stemmed from a focus on earthly concerns, aligning their theology
with their material and political interests. This mindset might have
made it harder for them to connect with the broader hopes and
aspirations of the people they served, especially those yearning for
justice and redemption.
Jesus
challenged such attitudes head-on, exposing the moral and spiritual
shortcomings hidden beneath the Sadducees’ polished exterior. In
Luke 20, He highlights their misunderstanding of God’s power and
the scriptures, turning their self-assured arguments into lessons
about humility and the eternal nature of life.
It’s a
thought-provoking account and a reminder for anyone with influence to
stay grounded and mindful of greater truths.
Jesus'
argument in Luke 20:37-38 hinges on the way God identifies Himself in
Exodus 3:6, during the burning bush encounter with Moses. God refers
to Himself as "the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God
of Jacob." At the time of this statement, these patriarchs had
long since passed away. Yet, God speaks of them in the present tense,
implying that they are still alive in some sense.
Jesus uses
this to demonstrate that God is not the God of the dead, but of the
living. If Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were truly "dead" in
the ultimate sense, God would not continue to identify Himself as
their God. Instead, this phrasing suggests that they are alive to
God, pointing to the reality of life beyond physical death and
supporting the concept of resurrection. It's a profound theological
argument that ties God's eternal nature to the promise of life after
death.
The above session was completed 4-13-2025 - below not used yet
Session 28 - Judgment in This Age and the Next (Luke 21:5–38)
Printable Download
Alastair Begg Sermons- "Who is This?" & A Death Predicted, a Disciple Restored
READ - Luke 21:5–38 (NLT)
Jesus Speaks about the Future
The Authority of Jesus Challenged
1 One day as Jesus was teaching the people and preaching the Good News in the Temple, the leading priests, the teachers of religious law, and the elders came up to him. 2 They demanded, “By what authority are you doing all these things? Who gave you the right?”
3 “Let me ask you a question first,” he replied. 4 “Did John’s authority to baptize come from heaven, or was it merely human?”
5 They talked it over among themselves. “If we say it was from heaven, he will ask why we didn’t believe John. 6 But if we say it was merely human, the people will stone us because they are convinced John was a prophet.” 7 So they finally replied that they didn’t know.
8 And Jesus responded, “Then I won’t tell you by what authority I do these things.”
Parable of the Evil Farmers
9 Now Jesus turned to the people again and told them this story: “A man planted a vineyard, leased it to tenant farmers, and moved to another country to live for several years. 10 At the time of the grape harvest, he sent one of his servants to collect his share of the crop. But the farmers attacked the servant, beat him up, and sent him back empty-handed. 11 So the owner sent another servant, but they also insulted him, beat him up, and sent him away empty-handed. 12 A third man was sent, and they wounded him and chased him away.
13 “‘What will I do?’ the owner asked himself. ‘I know! I’ll send my cherished son. Surely they will respect him.’
14 “But when the tenant farmers saw his son, they said to each other, ‘Here comes the heir to this estate. Let’s kill him and get the estate for ourselves!’ 15 So they dragged him out of the vineyard and murdered him.
“What do you suppose the owner of the vineyard will do to them?” Jesus asked. 16 “I’ll tell you—he will come and kill those farmers and lease the vineyard to others.”
“How terrible that such a thing should ever happen,” his listeners protested.
17 Jesus looked at them and said, “Then what does this Scripture mean? ‘The stone that the builders rejected has now become the cornerstone.’
18 Everyone who stumbles over that stone will be broken to pieces, and it will crush anyone it falls on.”
19 The teachers of religious law and the leading priests wanted to arrest Jesus immediately because they realized he was telling the story against them—they were the wicked farmers. But they were afraid of the people’s reaction.
Taxes for Caesar
20 Watching for their opportunity, the leaders sent spies pretending to be honest men. They tried to get Jesus to say something that could be reported to the Roman governor so he would arrest Jesus. 21 “Teacher,” they said, “we know that you speak and teach what is right and are not influenced by what others think. You teach the way of God truthfully. 22 Now tell us—is it right for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”
23 He saw through their trickery and said, 24 “Show me a Roman coin. Whose picture and title are stamped on it?” “Caesar’s,” they replied.
25 “Well then,” he said, “give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and give to God what belongs to God.”
26 So they failed to trap him by what he said in front of the people. Instead, they were amazed by his answer, and they became silent.
Discussion about Resurrection
27 Then Jesus was approached by some Sadducees—religious leaders who say there is no resurrection from the dead. 28 They posed this question: “Teacher, Moses gave us a law that if a man dies, leaving a wife but no children, his brother should marry the widow and have a child who will carry on the brother’s name. 29 Well, suppose there were seven brothers. The oldest one married and then died without children. 30 So the second brother married the widow, but he also died. 31 Then the third brother married her. This continued with all seven of them, who died without children. 32 Finally, the woman also died. 33 So tell us, whose wife will she be in the resurrection? For all seven were married to her!”
34 Jesus replied, “Marriage is for people here on earth. 35 But in the age to come, those worthy of being raised from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage. 36 And they will never die again. In this respect they will be like angels. They are children of God and children of the resurrection.
37 “But now, as to whether the dead will be raised—even Moses proved this when he wrote about the burning bush. Long after Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob had died, he referred to the Lord as ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ 38 So he is the God of the living, not the dead, for they are all alive to him.”
39 “Well said, Teacher!” remarked some of the teachers of religious law who were standing there. 40 And then no one dared to ask him any more questions.
Whose Son Is the Messiah?
41 Then Jesus presented them with a question. “Why is it,” he asked, “that the Messiah is said to be the son of David? 42 For David himself wrote in the book of Psalms: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, 42 Sit in the place of honor at my right hand until I humble your enemies, making them a footstool under your feet.’
44 Since David called the Messiah ‘Lord,’ how can the Messiah be his son?”
45 Then, with the crowds listening, he turned to his disciples and said, 46 “Beware of these teachers of religious law! For they like to parade around in flowing robes and love to receive respectful greetings as they walk in the marketplaces. And how they love the seats of honor in the synagogues and the head table at banquets. 47 Yet they shamelessly cheat widows out of their property and then pretend to be pious by making long prayers in public. Because of this, they will be severely punished.”
Luke 21:1-24
The Widow’s Offering
1 While Jesus was in the Temple, he watched the rich people dropping their gifts in the collection box. 2 Then a poor widow came by and dropped in two small coins.
3 “I tell you the truth,” Jesus said, “this poor widow has given more than all the rest of them. 4 For they have given a tiny part of their surplus, but she, poor as she is, has given everything she has.”
OVERVIEW:
In this passage, Luke describes how Jerusalem's religious leaders fight with Jesus over His authority. Among these critics are scribes, priests, Pharisees, and Sadducees. The religious leaders challenge Jesus' authority (Luke 20:1–8). Jesus uses a parable to compare His authority to that of the religious leaders (Luke 20:9–18). The scribes and chief priests use the Law to try to discredit Jesus (Luke 20:19–26). The Sadducees use the Law to try to discredit Jesus (Luke 20:27–40). Jesus uses Scripture to compare His authority to that of the King David (Luke 20:41–44). Jesus challenges the religious leaders' authority (Luke 20:45–47).
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU:
One surprising part of this passage is how Jesus answers tricky questions with His own questions. In Luke 20:1-8, the religious leaders ask Jesus, “By what authority are you doing these things?” Instead of answering directly, Jesus asks them about John the Baptist’s authority. Why? Because He knows their motives. If they admit John’s message was from God, they must also admit Jesus is the Messiah. But if they deny it, the people will turn on them. This strategy shows that Jesus isn’t just wise—He understands hearts. Sometimes, the best way to respond to a challenge isn’t with a quick answer, but by making people think for themselves.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY:
It was common in Jesus’ day for one person to own land farmed by another. This is still true today. Understandably, at harvest time, a payment for the use of the land is expected. But in Jesus’ story, the tenants refused to pay, and they violently attacked the landlord’s representatives—even killing his own son.
Jesus told this story as a warning to his opponents among the religious leaders. Just as past generations had ignored and mistreated God’s Word through the prophets, the religious leaders of his day were rejecting God’s own Son.
Jesus’ words are intended to draw our attention to the harvest day too. The Bible makes clear that what we have does not belong to us; we are stewards of all that God has made us to be and given us to use. Though we may not literally beat and kill prophetic figures, we too may tend to live as if God were not present with us each day. Jesus warns that eventually, our harvest time will come, either through death or at Christ’s return. Then we will have to give an account of our relationship with him as stewards of his gifts.
Our lives are not our own; we belong to God, and we are called to live for God. What are you doing to deepen your relationship with the Son so that you are prepared at harvest time?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Have you ever been asked a tough question about your faith? How did you respond?
2. Why do you think Jesus praised the widow who gave only two small coins? (Luke 21:1-4)
3. Jesus warns about religious leaders who love attention but lack sincerity (Luke 20:46-47). How does this apply to us today?
EXAMINE THE TEXT
Jesus’ Authority Challenged (Luke 20:1–8)
– The religious leaders ask Jesus, “By what authority are you doing these things?” They want to trap Him into saying something they can use against Him.
– Jesus responds with a question about John the Baptist: “Was his baptism from heaven, or was it from men?”
– The leaders realize they’re stuck. If they say “from heaven,” Jesus will ask why they didn’t believe John. If they say “from men,” the people will turn on them because they believed John was a prophet. So they refuse to answer.
– Since they won’t answer, Jesus doesn’t tell them by what authority He acts. He exposes their dishonesty.
The Parable of the Wicked Tenants (Luke 20:9–19)
– Jesus tells a story about a landowner who rents his vineyard to tenants. When he sends servants to collect what is due, the tenants mistreat them.
– Finally, the owner sends his beloved son, thinking they will respect him. Instead, they kill him, hoping to take the vineyard for themselves.
– Jesus explains that the owner (God) will remove the wicked tenants (religious leaders) and give the vineyard (God’s kingdom) to others. The leaders realize Jesus is talking about them and want to arrest Him, but they’re afraid of the crowd.
Paying Taxes to Caesar (Luke 20:20–26)
– The leaders try another trap. They ask Jesus if it’s right to pay taxes to Caesar, hoping to get Him in trouble with either the Romans or the Jewish people.
– Jesus asks for a Roman coin and points out Caesar’s image on it. Then He says, “Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.” He avoids their trap by teaching obedience to both government and God.
– His enemies are amazed and fall silent.
Marriage at the Resurrection (Luke 20:27–40)
– Some Sadducees (who don’t believe in resurrection) ask a trick question about a woman who had seven husbands—whose wife will she be in heaven?
– Jesus explains that life after resurrection is different. People won’t marry in heaven because they will be like angels.
– He proves resurrection is real by quoting Moses, showing that God is “not the God of the dead, but of the living.”
– Some leaders are impressed and say, “Well said, teacher!” After this, no one dares to challenge Him further.
Jesus Questions the Leaders (Luke 20:41–44)
– Jesus asks them how the Messiah can be both David’s son and his Lord (Psalm 110:1). They can’t answer, showing they don’t fully understand the Messiah’s identity.
Warning Against Hypocrisy (Luke 20:45–47)
– Jesus warns the people about teachers of the law who seek power and recognition but mistreat widows. He says they will face severe judgment.
The Widow’s Offering (Luke 21:1–4)
– Jesus sees rich people giving large amounts at the Temple, but also notices a poor widow giving two small coins.
– He says she gave more than all the others because she gave everything she had, while they gave only a little from their wealth.
This passage shows how Jesus skillfully answers tough questions, exposes hypocrisy, and challenges people’s hearts. It ends with a beautiful moment of faith from the widow, reminding us that God values our hearts, not just our actions.
CROSS-REFERENCE
Matthew 10:16 – “I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves.”
Jesus’ wisdom in answering the religious leaders reflects this principle—He was both wise and pure in His responses.
James 1:5 – “If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to you.”
Just as Jesus demonstrated wisdom in His responses, we too can ask God for wisdom when we face challenges.
2 Corinthians 9:7 – “Each of you should give what you have decided in your heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.”
This connects to the widow’s offering—giving is about the heart, not the amount.
Micah 6:8 – “He has shown you, O mortal, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.”
This contrasts with the religious leaders Jesus warned about. True faith isn’t about status but about humility and justice.
CLASS DISCUSSION NOTES:
The Sadducees were a Jewish sect active during the Second Temple period, roughly from the 2nd century BCE to the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. They were associated with the aristocratic and priestly class, holding significant political and religious influence. Their name is thought to derive from Zadok, a high priest during the time of King Solomon.
The Sadducees adhered strictly to the written Torah (the first five books of the Bible) and rejected oral traditions, which set them apart from the Pharisees. They denied beliefs in the resurrection of the dead, the immortality of the soul, and the existence of angels and spirits. Their theology emphasized free will and ritual purity.
They played a key role in maintaining the Temple in Jerusalem and were often seen as defenders of the status quo. However, their wealth and alignment with Roman rulers made them unpopular among the common people. The sect became extinct after the Temple's destruction in 70 CE1.
Luke 20:27 says " Then Jesus was approached by some Sadducees—religious leaders who say there is no resurrection from the dead." I was thinking, now here is a group of leaders who had it all figured out, with their wealth, political power and fine dress. They must have really think they are something. Sounds like a dangerous recipe for trouble. What do you think?
The Sadducees were indeed an influential group, with wealth, social status, and political power, but that combination often carries its own risks. Being in positions of privilege and authority can sometimes lead to a sense of superiority or detachment from the struggles of ordinary people—a dangerous recipe.
Their rejection of the resurrection and other spiritual beliefs may have stemmed from a focus on earthly concerns, aligning their theology with their material and political interests. This mindset might have made it harder for them to connect with the broader hopes and aspirations of the people they served, especially those yearning for justice and redemption.
Jesus challenged such attitudes head-on, exposing the moral and spiritual shortcomings hidden beneath the Sadducees’ polished exterior. In Luke 20, He highlights their misunderstanding of God’s power and the scriptures, turning their self-assured arguments into lessons about humility and the eternal nature of life.
It’s a thought-provoking account and a reminder for anyone with influence to stay grounded and mindful of greater truths.
Jesus' argument in Luke 20:37-38 hinges on the way God identifies Himself in Exodus 3:6, during the burning bush encounter with Moses. God refers to Himself as "the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." At the time of this statement, these patriarchs had long since passed away. Yet, God speaks of them in the present tense, implying that they are still alive in some sense.
Jesus uses this to demonstrate that God is not the God of the dead, but of the living. If Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were truly "dead" in the ultimate sense, God would not continue to identify Himself as their God. Instead, this phrasing suggests that they are alive to God, pointing to the reality of life beyond physical death and supporting the concept of resurrection. It's a profound theological argument that ties God's eternal nature to the promise of life after death.
The above session was completed 4-13-2025 - below not used yet
Session 28 - Judgment in This Age and the Next (Luke 21:5–38)
Printable Download
Alastair Begg Sermons- "Who is This?" & A Death Predicted, a Disciple Restored
READ - Luke 21:5–38 (NLT)
Jesus Speaks about the Future
5 Some of his disciples began talking about the majestic stonework of the Temple and the memorial decorations on the walls. But Jesus said, 6 “The time is coming when all these things will be completely demolished. Not one stone will be left on top of another!”
7 “Teacher,” they asked, “when will all this happen? What sign will show us that these things are about to take place?”
8 He replied, “Don’t let anyone mislead you, for many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Messiah,’ and saying, ‘The time has come!’ But don’t believe them. 9 And when you hear of wars and insurrections, don’t panic. Yes, these things must take place first, but the end won’t follow immediately.” 10 Then he added, “Nation will go to war against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 11 There will be great earthquakes, and there will be famines and plagues in many lands, and there will be terrifying things and great miraculous signs from heaven.
12 “But before all this occurs, there will be a time of great persecution. You will be dragged into synagogues and prisons, and you will stand trial before kings and governors because you are my followers. 13 But this will be your opportunity to tell them about me. 14 So don’t worry in advance about how to answer the charges against you, 15 for I will give you the right words and such wisdom that none of your opponents will be able to reply or refute you! 16 Even those closest to you—your parents, brothers, relatives, and friends—will betray you. They will even kill some of you. 17 And everyone will hate you because you are my followers. 18 But not a hair of your head will perish! 19 By standing firm, you will win your souls.
20 “And when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then you will know that the time of its destruction has arrived. 21 Then those in Judea must flee to the hills. Those in Jerusalem must get out, and those out in the country should not return to the city. 22 For those will be days of God’s vengeance, and the prophetic words of the Scriptures will be fulfilled. 23 How terrible it will be for pregnant women and for nursing mothers in those days. For there will be disaster in the land and great anger against this people. 24 They will be killed by the sword or sent away as captives to all the nations of the world. And Jerusalem will be trampled down by the Gentiles until the period of the Gentiles comes to an end.
25 “And there will be strange signs in the sun, moon, and stars. And here on earth the nations will be in turmoil, perplexed by the roaring seas and strange tides. 26 People will be terrified at what they see coming upon the earth, for the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 27 Then everyone will see the Son of Man coming on a cloud with power and great glory. 28 So when all these things begin to happen, stand and look up, for your salvation is near!”
29 Then he gave them this illustration: “Notice the fig tree, or any other tree. 30 When the leaves come out, you know without being told that summer is near. 31 In the same way, when you see all these things taking place, you can know that the Kingdom of God is near. 32 I tell you the truth, this generation will not pass from the scene until all these things have taken place. 33 Heaven and earth will disappear, but my words will never disappear.
34 “Watch out! Don’t let your hearts be dulled by carousing and drunkenness, and by the worries of this life. Don’t let that day catch you unaware, 35 like a trap. For that day will come upon everyone living on the earth. 36 Keep alert at all times. And pray that you might be strong enough to escape these coming horrors and stand before the Son of Man.”
37 Every day Jesus went to the Temple to teach, and each evening he returned to spend the night on the Mount of Olives. 38 The crowds gathered at the Temple early each morning to hear him.
OVERVIEW:
Here Jesus gives more detailed teaching about two events: the destruction of Jerusalem (Luke 19:43–44) and his second coming (Luke 9:26; Luke 17:22–37). According to Luke 21:5–24, what things must take place before “the end”—that is, before Christ’s return? (Note that some of these “things” are ongoing even today, while some occurred with the Romans’ destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.)
According to Luke 21:25–27, what kinds of events will be associated with Jesus’ return?
What should followers of Jesus do to prepare for the coming judgment (Luke 21:34–36)?
EXAMINE THE TEXT
Jesus Predicts the Temple’s Destruction (Luke 21:5–7) – Some people admire the beauty of the Temple, but Jesus warns them: “The time will come when not one stone will be left on another.” He is predicting its destruction, which happened in AD 70. – The disciples ask, “When will this happen? What signs should we look for?”
Signs of the End Times (Luke 21:8–19) – Jesus warns against false messiahs and not to be afraid when wars break out because these things must happen first. – He describes future troubles: wars, earthquakes, famines, and plagues. – Jesus tells His followers that they will be arrested and persecuted for His name. But He promises to give them the wisdom to speak when they are put on trial. – He reassures them that even though they will face hardship, their faithfulness will lead to eternal life.
The Destruction of Jerusalem (Luke 21:20–24) – Jesus describes a future siege of Jerusalem. He warns that when they see armies surrounding the city, they should flee to the mountains. – This will be a time of great distress, and many will fall by the sword or be taken captive. This prophecy was fulfilled when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem in AD 70.
The Coming of the Son of Man (Luke 21:25–28) – Jesus shifts to talking about cosmic signs—strange things happening in the sun, moon, and stars. People will be terrified. – Then, Jesus will return in power and glory. – He encourages His followers to stand firm because “your redemption is drawing near.”
The Parable of the Fig Tree (Luke 21:29–33) – Jesus uses a fig tree as an example. Just as budding leaves show that summer is near, these signs will show that God’s kingdom is near. – He says, “This generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have happened.” His words will never pass away.
Be Watchful and Ready (Luke 21:34–38) – Jesus warns against getting distracted by worldly things. Instead, His followers should stay alert and pray so they will be ready for His return. – Jesus continues teaching at the Temple daily, and the crowds come early in the morning to hear Him.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: Judgment in This Age and the Next
Have you ever watched the news and felt overwhelmed by everything going wrong in the world? Wars, disasters, injustice—it can feel like things are spiraling out of control. Even in our own lives, we face struggles that make us wonder, What’s next?
In Luke 21:5–38, Jesus’ disciples admire the beauty of the temple, but Jesus warns them that it won’t last—one day, it will be destroyed. He goes on to describe a future filled with hardship: wars, earthquakes, famines, and persecution. But instead of telling His followers to be afraid, He tells them to stand firm and trust God.
Jesus reminds us that while this world is temporary, God’s kingdom is eternal. He warns about getting distracted by worries or caught up in chasing things that won’t last. Instead, He calls us to stay alert, pray, and keep our focus on Him.
It’s easy to let fear take over when life feels uncertain. But Jesus gives us a different perspective. No matter what happens, God is in control, and His promises will never fail. Our job isn’t to panic—it’s to stay faithful.
What worries are weighing on your heart today? How can you shift your focus from fear to faith?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU:
One surprising thing about this passage is that Jesus doesn’t tell His followers to avoid hardship—He actually tells them to expect it. In Luke 21:12-19, He warns about persecution, betrayal, and suffering. But instead of offering a way out, He promises to give them the wisdom and strength to endure. This challenges the idea that following Jesus means life will always be easy. Instead, He calls His disciples to stand firm, assuring them that no trial will separate them from God’s plan. Even in the hardest moments, He is in control.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Why do you think Jesus warned His disciples about the future instead of just reassuring them?
2. Jesus says, “Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.” (Luke 21:33) What do you think that means?
3. Jesus tells His disciples to “be always on the watch” (Luke 21:36). What do you think He means by that? How can we apply it today?
CROSS-REFERENCE
John 16:33 – “I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world.”
Jesus never promises an easy life, but He assures us of His victory.
1 Thessalonians 5:6 – “So then, let us not be like others, who are asleep, but let us be awake and sober.”
This echoes Jesus’ warning to stay spiritually alert.
Psalm 46:1-2 – “God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Therefore we will not fear, though the earth give way and the mountains fall into the heart of the sea.”
Even when the world feels chaotic, God is our unshakable foundation.
Revelation 22:12 – “Look, I am coming soon! My reward is with me, and I will give to each person according to what they have done.”
Just like in Luke 21, Jesus reminds us to live in expectation of His return.
5 Some of his disciples began talking about the majestic stonework of the Temple and the memorial decorations on the walls. But Jesus said, 6 “The time is coming when all these things will be completely demolished. Not one stone will be left on top of another!”
7 “Teacher,” they asked, “when will all this happen? What sign will show us that these things are about to take place?”
8 He replied, “Don’t let anyone mislead you, for many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Messiah,’ and saying, ‘The time has come!’ But don’t believe them. 9 And when you hear of wars and insurrections, don’t panic. Yes, these things must take place first, but the end won’t follow immediately.” 10 Then he added, “Nation will go to war against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 11 There will be great earthquakes, and there will be famines and plagues in many lands, and there will be terrifying things and great miraculous signs from heaven.
12 “But before all this occurs, there will be a time of great persecution. You will be dragged into synagogues and prisons, and you will stand trial before kings and governors because you are my followers. 13 But this will be your opportunity to tell them about me. 14 So don’t worry in advance about how to answer the charges against you, 15 for I will give you the right words and such wisdom that none of your opponents will be able to reply or refute you! 16 Even those closest to you—your parents, brothers, relatives, and friends—will betray you. They will even kill some of you. 17 And everyone will hate you because you are my followers. 18 But not a hair of your head will perish! 19 By standing firm, you will win your souls.
20 “And when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then you will know that the time of its destruction has arrived. 21 Then those in Judea must flee to the hills. Those in Jerusalem must get out, and those out in the country should not return to the city. 22 For those will be days of God’s vengeance, and the prophetic words of the Scriptures will be fulfilled. 23 How terrible it will be for pregnant women and for nursing mothers in those days. For there will be disaster in the land and great anger against this people. 24 They will be killed by the sword or sent away as captives to all the nations of the world. And Jerusalem will be trampled down by the Gentiles until the period of the Gentiles comes to an end.
25 “And there will be strange signs in the sun, moon, and stars. And here on earth the nations will be in turmoil, perplexed by the roaring seas and strange tides. 26 People will be terrified at what they see coming upon the earth, for the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 27 Then everyone will see the Son of Man coming on a cloud with power and great glory. 28 So when all these things begin to happen, stand and look up, for your salvation is near!”
29 Then he gave them this illustration: “Notice the fig tree, or any other tree. 30 When the leaves come out, you know without being told that summer is near. 31 In the same way, when you see all these things taking place, you can know that the Kingdom of God is near. 32 I tell you the truth, this generation will not pass from the scene until all these things have taken place. 33 Heaven and earth will disappear, but my words will never disappear.
34 “Watch out! Don’t let your hearts be dulled by carousing and drunkenness, and by the worries of this life. Don’t let that day catch you unaware, 35 like a trap. For that day will come upon everyone living on the earth. 36 Keep alert at all times. And pray that you might be strong enough to escape these coming horrors and stand before the Son of Man.”
37 Every day Jesus went to the Temple to teach, and each evening he returned to spend the night on the Mount of Olives. 38 The crowds gathered at the Temple early each morning to hear him.
OVERVIEW:
Here Jesus gives more detailed teaching about two events: the destruction of Jerusalem (Luke 19:43–44) and his second coming (Luke 9:26; Luke 17:22–37). According to Luke 21:5–24, what things must take place before “the end”—that is, before Christ’s return? (Note that some of these “things” are ongoing even today, while some occurred with the Romans’ destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.)
According to Luke 21:25–27, what kinds of events will be associated with Jesus’ return?
What should followers of Jesus do to prepare for the coming judgment (Luke 21:34–36)?
EXAMINE THE TEXT
Jesus Predicts the Temple’s Destruction (Luke 21:5–7) – Some people admire the beauty of the Temple, but Jesus warns them: “The time will come when not one stone will be left on another.” He is predicting its destruction, which happened in AD 70. – The disciples ask, “When will this happen? What signs should we look for?”
Signs of the End Times (Luke 21:8–19) – Jesus warns against false messiahs and not to be afraid when wars break out because these things must happen first. – He describes future troubles: wars, earthquakes, famines, and plagues. – Jesus tells His followers that they will be arrested and persecuted for His name. But He promises to give them the wisdom to speak when they are put on trial. – He reassures them that even though they will face hardship, their faithfulness will lead to eternal life.
The Destruction of Jerusalem (Luke 21:20–24) – Jesus describes a future siege of Jerusalem. He warns that when they see armies surrounding the city, they should flee to the mountains. – This will be a time of great distress, and many will fall by the sword or be taken captive. This prophecy was fulfilled when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem in AD 70.
The Coming of the Son of Man (Luke 21:25–28) – Jesus shifts to talking about cosmic signs—strange things happening in the sun, moon, and stars. People will be terrified. – Then, Jesus will return in power and glory. – He encourages His followers to stand firm because “your redemption is drawing near.”
The Parable of the Fig Tree (Luke 21:29–33) – Jesus uses a fig tree as an example. Just as budding leaves show that summer is near, these signs will show that God’s kingdom is near. – He says, “This generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have happened.” His words will never pass away.
Be Watchful and Ready (Luke 21:34–38) – Jesus warns against getting distracted by worldly things. Instead, His followers should stay alert and pray so they will be ready for His return. – Jesus continues teaching at the Temple daily, and the crowds come early in the morning to hear Him.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: Judgment in This Age and the Next
Have you ever watched the news and felt overwhelmed by everything going wrong in the world? Wars, disasters, injustice—it can feel like things are spiraling out of control. Even in our own lives, we face struggles that make us wonder, What’s next?
In Luke 21:5–38, Jesus’ disciples admire the beauty of the temple, but Jesus warns them that it won’t last—one day, it will be destroyed. He goes on to describe a future filled with hardship: wars, earthquakes, famines, and persecution. But instead of telling His followers to be afraid, He tells them to stand firm and trust God.
Jesus reminds us that while this world is temporary, God’s kingdom is eternal. He warns about getting distracted by worries or caught up in chasing things that won’t last. Instead, He calls us to stay alert, pray, and keep our focus on Him.
It’s easy to let fear take over when life feels uncertain. But Jesus gives us a different perspective. No matter what happens, God is in control, and His promises will never fail. Our job isn’t to panic—it’s to stay faithful.
What worries are weighing on your heart today? How can you shift your focus from fear to faith?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU:
One surprising thing about this passage is that Jesus doesn’t tell His followers to avoid hardship—He actually tells them to expect it. In Luke 21:12-19, He warns about persecution, betrayal, and suffering. But instead of offering a way out, He promises to give them the wisdom and strength to endure. This challenges the idea that following Jesus means life will always be easy. Instead, He calls His disciples to stand firm, assuring them that no trial will separate them from God’s plan. Even in the hardest moments, He is in control.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Why do you think Jesus warned His disciples about the future instead of just reassuring them?
2. Jesus says, “Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.” (Luke 21:33) What do you think that means?
3. Jesus tells His disciples to “be always on the watch” (Luke 21:36). What do you think He means by that? How can we apply it today?
CROSS-REFERENCE
John 16:33 – “I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world.”
Jesus never promises an easy life, but He assures us of His victory.
1 Thessalonians 5:6 – “So then, let us not be like others, who are asleep, but let us be awake and sober.”
This echoes Jesus’ warning to stay spiritually alert.
Psalm 46:1-2 – “God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Therefore we will not fear, though the earth give way and the mountains fall into the heart of the sea.”
Even when the world feels chaotic, God is our unshakable foundation.
Revelation 22:12 – “Look, I am coming soon! My reward is with me, and I will give to each person according to what they have done.”
Just like in Luke 21, Jesus reminds us to live in expectation of His return.
Session 29 -
The Significance of Jesus’ Death (Luke 22:1–22)
— Printable Handout
Focus:
The significance of Jesus’ Last Supper and what His death means for
us.
Purpose
Statement:
This session explores the meaning and weight of Jesus’ death as He
prepares to offer Himself as the Passover Lamb, inviting us to
reflect on the covenant He sealed with His blood.
Icebreaker Questions:
Can you recall a meal that marked a turning point in your life? What made it significant?
What does it mean to you personally that Jesus offered His body and blood for you?
READ: - Luke 22:1–22 (NLT)
1 The Festival of Unleavened Bread, which is also called Passover, was approaching. 2 The leading priests and teachers of religious law were plotting how to kill Jesus, but they were afraid of the people’s reaction.
3 Then Satan entered into Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve disciples, 4 and he went to the leading priests and captains of the Temple guard to discuss the best way to betray Jesus to them. 5 They were delighted, and they promised to give him money. 6 So he agreed and began looking for an opportunity to betray Jesus so they could arrest him when the crowds weren’t around.
7 Now the Festival of Unleavened Bread arrived, when the Passover lamb is sacrificed. 8 Jesus sent Peter and John ahead and said, “Go and prepare the Passover meal, so we can eat it together.”
9 “Where do you want us to prepare it?” they asked him.
10 He replied, “As soon as you enter Jerusalem, a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him. At the house he enters, 11 say to the owner, ‘The Teacher asks: Where is the guest room where I can eat the Passover meal with my disciples?’ 12 He will take you upstairs to a large room that is already set up. That is where you should prepare our meal.” 13 They went off to the city and found everything just as Jesus had said, and they prepared the Passover meal there.
14 When the time came, Jesus and the apostles sat down together at the table. 15 Jesus said, “I have been very eager to eat this Passover meal with you before my suffering begins. 16 For I tell you now that I won’t eat this meal again until its meaning is fulfilled in the Kingdom of God.”
17 Then he took a cup of wine and gave thanks to God for it. Then he said, “Take this and share it among yourselves. 18 For I will not drink wine again until the Kingdom of God has come.”
19 He took some bread and gave thanks to God for it. Then he broke it in pieces and gave it to the disciples, saying, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.”
20 After supper he took another cup of wine and said, “This cup is the new covenant between God and his people—an agreement confirmed with my blood, which is poured out as a sacrifice for you.
21 “But here at this table, sitting among us as a friend, is the man who will betray me. 22 For it has been determined that the Son of Man must die. But what sorrow awaits the one who betrays him.”
OVERVIEW: The Significance of Jesus' Death (Luke 22:1–22)
In this session, we delve into the profound moments of Jesus' Last Supper with His disciples, exploring its deep meaning and relevance to our lives today. This meal was more than just a farewell; it was a pivotal event that established a new covenant between God and humanity. As we reflect on this passage, consider the words of historian Alfred Edersheim:
"The Last Supper was the transition from the old to the new, from the shadow to the substance."
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
A challenging aspect of this passage is Jesus' declaration that one disciple would betray Him. This revelation was shocking, as it came from someone within their close-knit group. However, Jesus' foreknowledge of this betrayal highlights His divine insight and the fulfillment of prophetic scriptures. Understanding this helps us grasp the depth of His sacrifice and the reality of human choices within God's sovereign plan.
CULTURE CONNECTION: Influence on Life Today
The Last Supper's institution of Communion offers a powerful connection to our modern lives. In today's fast-paced world, taking time to partake in Communion allows us to pause and reflect on Jesus' sacrifice, fostering a sense of community and spiritual nourishment. It serves as a reminder of the values of humility, service, and love that transcend time, encouraging us to embody these principles in our daily interactions.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: “Remembering the Cost of Freedom”
“This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” – Luke 22:19 (NIV)
Imagine for a moment you're standing at the edge of a peaceful cemetery in Normandy, France. The white crosses stretch out as far as the eye can see. These are the graves of thousands of soldiers who gave their lives during World War II. They didn’t die for fame or fortune. They died so others could be free.
Every year, people visit these sites and remember. They bring flowers. They shed tears. Some stand silently, overwhelmed by the cost of freedom. These visits aren’t just about history—they are about gratitude. They remind us that freedom isn’t free. Someone paid the price.
Now think about the Last Supper. Jesus sat down with His closest friends, knowing that His death was just hours away. He took bread and said, “This is my body.” He took the cup and said, “This is my blood.” He asked them to remember—not out of sadness alone, but out of deep love and thankfulness.
Jesus gave His life so we could be free—not just from people or nations, but from sin and death. His death was the cost of a greater kind of freedom. Just like we remember the soldiers who died for our country, we remember Jesus who died for our souls.
The Lord’s Supper is our time to pause and say, “Thank You.” It’s our time to remember that our spiritual freedom came at a price—a price Jesus was willing to pay out of love for us.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
In this text, Jesus portrays his death as the center point of God’s saving work. In what ways does he look backward, calling us to see his death as the fulfillment of Old Testament realities?
In what ways does Jesus look forward, suggesting that his death is essential for the future life and blessing of God’s people?
MAIN STUDY POINTS:
Jesus’ Body as a Sacrifice Scripture: “And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, ‘This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.’” (Luke 22:19, NIV) Notes: Emphasize that Jesus willingly offered His body for us. This act is a powerful picture of sacrifice that shows how much He loves us even when it cost Him everything.
The New Covenant Sealed in His Blood Scripture: “In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.’” (Luke 22:20, NIV) Notes: Help the group understand that Jesus wasn’t just sharing a meal; He was establishing a new promise between God and us. This covenant means that through His blood, we are invited into a close, personal relationship with God.
A Call to Remembrance and Unity Scripture: Notice in Luke 22:19 when Jesus tells His disciples, “do this in remembrance of me.” Notes: This reminder tells us that every time we share in communion, we honor Jesus’ sacrifice. It also encourages us to live in unity, always remembering the cost of our salvation and the love that binds us as a community.
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
At the heart of God’s plan is the truth that Jesus’ death was a deliberate act of love. By giving His body and shedding His blood, Jesus made it possible for us to be forgiven and to come into a personal relationship with God. Just as the Passover lamb pointed to salvation in the Old Testament, Jesus’ sacrifice points us to a new beginning filled with hope. This isn’t just a somber memory—it’s a celebration of love and a reminder that our salvation was designed from the very beginning.
Every time we come together to share in communion, we are invited to remember and reflect on that amazing sacrifice. This act of remembrance is more than just tradition—it is a call to live with gratitude, love, and unity. When we think about the sacrifice Jesus made, we are challenged to show that same selfless care to others. In doing so, we continue to honor His covenant and bring a piece of God’s kingdom into our everyday lives.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
1 Corinthians 11:23–26 “For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you: that the Lord Jesus, on the night he was betrayed, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, ‘This is my body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of me.’ In the same way, after supper he took the cup, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me.’ For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.”
John 6:53–56 “Jesus said to them, ‘Very truly I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise them up at the last day. For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in them.’”
Hebrews 9:12 “He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, thus obtaining eternal redemption.”
Romans 5:8 “But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.”
1 Peter 1:18–19 “For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed down to you from your ancestors, but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect.”
Session 30 -
Preparing for Coming Trials (Luke 22:23–65)
— Printable Handout
Focus:
The reality of trials and our preparation for them through Christ’s
example and warning.
Purpose
Statement:
This session helps us recognize how Jesus prepared His disciples for
the coming trials—and how we too can anchor ourselves in truth when
faced with suffering, confusion, or opposition.
Icebreaker Questions:
What has helped you stay spiritually grounded during difficult times?
How do you respond when you feel unprepared or blindsided by a challenge?
READ: - Luke 22:23–65 (NLT)
23 The disciples began to ask each other which of them would ever do such a thing.
24 Then they began to argue among themselves about who would be the greatest among them. 25 Jesus told them, “In this world the kings and great men lord it over their people, yet they are called ‘friends of the people.’ 26 But among you it will be different. Those who are the greatest among you should take the lowest rank, and the leader should be like a servant. 27 Who is more important, the one who sits at the table or the one who serves? The one who sits at the table, of course. But not here! For I am among you as one who serves.
28 “You have stayed with me in my time of trial. 29 And just as my Father has granted me a Kingdom, I now grant you the right 30 to eat and drink at my table in my Kingdom. And you will sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
31 “Simon, Simon, Satan has asked to sift each of you like wheat. 32 But I have pleaded in prayer for you, Simon, that your faith should not fail. So when you have repented and turned to me again, strengthen your brothers.”
33 Peter said, “Lord, I am ready to go to prison with you, and even to die with you.”
34 But Jesus said, “Peter, let me tell you something. Before the rooster crows tomorrow morning, you will deny three times that you even know me.”
35 Then Jesus asked them, “When I sent you out to preach the Good News and you did not have money, a traveler’s bag, or an extra pair of sandals, did you need anything?”
“No,” they replied.
36 “But now,” he said, “take your money and a traveler’s bag. And if you don’t have a sword, sell your cloak and buy one! 37 For the time has come for this prophecy about me to be fulfilled: ‘He was counted among the rebels.’ Yes, everything written about me by the prophets will come true.”
38 “Look, Lord,” they replied, “we have two swords among us.”
“That’s enough,” he said.
39 Then, accompanied by the disciples, Jesus left the upstairs room and went as usual to the Mount of Olives. 40 There he told them, “Pray that you will not give in to temptation.”
41 He walked away, about a stone’s throw, and knelt down and prayed, 42 “Father, if you are willing, please take this cup of suffering away from me. Yet I want your will to be done, not mine.” 43 Then an angel from heaven appeared and strengthened him. 44 He prayed more fervently, and he was in such agony of spirit that his sweat fell to the ground like great drops of blood.
45 At last he stood up again and returned to the disciples, only to find them asleep, exhausted from grief. 46 “Why are you sleeping?” he asked them. “Get up and pray, so that you will not give in to temptation.”
47 But even as Jesus said this, a crowd approached, led by Judas, one of the twelve disciples. Judas walked over to Jesus to greet him with a kiss. 48 But Jesus said, “Judas, would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?”
49 When the other disciples saw what was about to happen, they exclaimed, “Lord, should we fight? We brought the swords!” 50 And one of them struck at the high priest’s slave, slashing off his right ear.
51 But Jesus said, “No more of this.” And he touched the man’s ear and healed him.
52 Then Jesus spoke to the leading priests, the captains of the Temple guard, and the elders who had come for him. “Am I some dangerous revolutionary,” he asked, “that you come with swords and clubs to arrest me? 53 Why didn’t you arrest me in the Temple? I was there every day. But this is your moment, the time when the power of darkness reigns.”
54 So they arrested him and led him to the high priest’s home. And Peter followed at a distance. 55 The guards lit a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat around it, and Peter joined them there. 56 A servant girl noticed him in the firelight and began staring at him. Finally she said, “This man was one of Jesus’ followers!”
57 But Peter denied it. “Woman,” he said, “I don’t even know him!”
58 After a while someone else looked at him and said, “You must be one of them!”
“No, man, I’m not!” Peter retorted.
59 About an hour later someone else insisted, “This must be one of them, because he is a Galilean, too.”
60 But Peter said, “Man, I don’t know what you are talking about.” And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed.
61 At that moment the Lord turned and looked at Peter. Suddenly, the Lord’s words flashed through Peter’s mind: “Before the rooster crows tomorrow morning, you will deny three times that you even know me.” 62 And Peter left the courtyard, weeping bitterly.
63 The guards in charge of Jesus began mocking and beating him. 64 They blindfolded him and said, “Prophesy to us! Who hit you that time?” 65 And they hurled all sorts of terrible insults at him.
OVERVIEW: Preparing for Coming Trials (Luke 22:23–65)
In this session, we examine how Jesus prepared His disciples for the trials ahead, offering guidance on how we can anchor ourselves in truth amid challenges. We encounter Jesus' teachings on humility, His warning about betrayal, and His example of steadfastness during His arrest and trial. As we reflect on these events, consider the words of 1 Peter 2:21–24: "To this you were called, because Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps."
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
A challenging aspect of this passage is Jesus' prediction of Peter's denial. Despite Peter's earlier declarations of unwavering loyalty, Jesus foretells that Peter will deny Him three times before the rooster crows. This highlights the human tendency to overestimate our own strength and the importance of relying on God's strength rather than our own. Understanding this teaches us humility and the need for vigilance in our faith journey.
CULTURE CONNECTION: Influence on Life Today
In today's world, facing trials and temptations is inevitable. Jesus' example in the Garden of Gethsemane teaches us the power of prayer in overcoming challenges. His instruction to His disciples to pray to avoid falling into temptation is a timeless reminder of the importance of spiritual vigilance. By following Jesus' example of humility, vigilance, and prayer, we can navigate our own trials with strength and grace.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: “Storm Warning”
“Pray that you will not fall into temptation.” – Luke 22:40 (NIV)
In 1938, a powerful hurricane hit New England. People had been warned, but many didn’t take the warning seriously. Weather forecasting was new back then, and folks just didn’t believe a storm that big could really be coming. When it hit, homes were swept away, trees were torn up, and hundreds of lives were lost.
Sometimes, the worst damage comes not because we face a storm—but because we weren’t ready for it.
In Luke 22, Jesus knew a storm was coming—not a weather storm, but a storm of pain, confusion, and fear. He told His disciples to pray. He warned Peter that his faith would be tested. And He Himself went to the garden and poured out His heart to God.
Jesus didn’t run from the trial. He faced it. But He didn’t face it alone or unprepared. He prayed. He sought strength. He surrendered to God’s will.
We all go through storms in life—times when our faith is shaken, or when we feel alone or afraid. The key is to prepare before the storm hits. That’s what Jesus was teaching: Anchor your heart in truth, pray for strength, and stay close to God.
Like the people who ignore storm warnings, we can get caught off guard. But when we listen to Jesus, we learn how to prepare—not just for hard times, but to walk through them with peace and courage.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: According to Luke 22:23–46, what kinds of temptations and trials confront Jesus’ disciples as his betrayal and arrest grow near?
What instruction and encouragement does Jesus offer, whether by word or example, to prepare his disciples to face these trials?
At Gethsemane, Jesus asks the Father for strength to go willingly to his death. What evidence from Luke 22:43–65 indicates that God has answered Jesus’ prayer?
MAIN STUDY POINTS
Redefining Greatness Through Service Scripture: “A dispute also arose among them as to which of them was considered to be greatest. Jesus said to them, ‘The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them; and those who exercise authority over them call themselves Benefactors. But you are not to be like that. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who rules like the one who serves.’” (Luke 22:24–27, NIV) Notes: In this exchange, Jesus shifts the focus from self-promotion to servant leadership. When trials come, our true strength is found in our humility and willingness to serve others. Encourage the group to think about how serving—even in small ways—can prepare us for the challenges we face.
Understanding Our Own Vulnerability Scripture: “Jesus replied, ‘I tell you, Peter, before the rooster crows today, you will deny me three times.’” (Luke 22:34, NIV) Notes: Even someone as passionate and loyal as Peter would falter under pressure. Jesus uses this moment to show that trials expose our human weaknesses. This reminder isn’t meant to discourage us but to point us toward relying on Christ’s strength when our own is not enough. It invites us to examine our hearts honestly and trust that God’s grace covers our mistakes.
The Cost of Discipleship in Times of Trial Scripture: “Then the Lord turned and looked straight at Peter. And Peter remembered the word the Lord had spoken to him: ‘Before the rooster crows today, you will disown me three times.’ Then he went outside and wept bitterly.” (Luke 22:61–62, NIV) Notes: Peter’s sorrow shows us that recognizing our failings is painful but also a step toward growth. Jesus prepares His disciples for the reality that following Him is not free from suffering. His example teaches us that while trials may lead to moments of regret, they are also opportunities for repentance, learning, and ultimately, greater reliance on God.
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT
Jesus spent time preparing His disciples for the hard times ahead. In this passage, we see that even those closest to Him were not immune to fear, confusion, and mistakes. Yet through every trial—whether it was arguing about who was the greatest or facing the overwhelming pressure of a critical moment—Jesus gently redirected their focus to what truly matters: humble service, reliance on God, and the hope of redemption. This account reminds us that our faith grows stronger not in the absence of challenges, but precisely because we face them. In our lives, when we encounter suffering or opposition, we can remember that trials are part of God’s refining process. They are opportunities for us to lean on Christ and to mature in our walk with Him.
The bigger picture of God’s plan is that our struggles are not a sign of failure but of being in the midst of a transformational journey. Just as Jesus modeled a life of sacrifice and perseverance, we too are called to embrace our vulnerabilities and learn from them. Our shortcomings, like Peter’s moment of weakness, pave the way for deeper reliance on God and eventually His forgiveness and restoration. When we trust God during our darkest moments, we find a strength that goes beyond our human limits. Trials, then, become the stepping stones that lead us closer to the heart of God and prepare us to live out our faith with genuine compassion and servant leadership.
CROSS-REFERENCE
John 16:33 “I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world.”
James 1:2–4 “Consider it pure joy, my brothers and sisters, whenever you face trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith produces perseverance. Let perseverance finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything.”
1 Peter 4:12–13 “Dear friends, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal that has come on you to test you, as though something strange were happening to you. But rejoice inasmuch as you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed when his glory is revealed.”
Romans 8:35–37 “Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall trouble or hardship or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword?... No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us.”
2 Timothy 3:12 “In fact, everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.”
Session 31 -
Jesus Is Tried, Found Innocent—and Condemned (Luke 22:66–23:25)
— Printable Handout
Focus:
The injustice of Jesus’ trial and His silent strength amid false
accusations.
Purpose
Statement:
This session invites reflection on the paradox of Jesus’ innocence
and His condemnation, encouraging us to trust in God’s justice even
when the world seems unjust.
Icebreaker Questions:
Have you ever been falsely accused or misunderstood? How did you respond?
What can we learn from Jesus’ response to injustice and betrayal?
READ: - Luke 22:66–23:25 (NLT)
66 At daybreak all the elders of the people assembled, including the leading priests and the teachers of religious law. Jesus was led before this high council, 67 and they said, “Tell us, are you the Messiah?”
But he replied, “If I tell you, you won’t believe me. 68 And if I ask you a question, you won’t answer. 69 But from now on the Son of Man will be seated in the place of power at God’s right hand.”
70 They all shouted, “So, are you claiming to be the Son of God?”
And he replied, “You say that I am.”
71 “Why do we need other witnesses?” they said. “We ourselves heard him say it.”
1 Then the entire council took Jesus to Pilate, the Roman governor. 2 They began to state their case: “This man has been leading our people astray by telling them not to pay their taxes to the Roman government and by claiming he is the Messiah, a king.”
3 So Pilate asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?”
Jesus replied, “You have said it.”
4 Pilate turned to the leading priests and to the crowd and said, “I find nothing wrong with this man!”
5 Then they became insistent. “But he is causing riots by his teaching wherever he goes—all over Judea, from Galilee to Jerusalem!”
6 “Oh, is he a Galilean?” Pilate asked. 7 When they said that he was, Pilate sent him to Herod Antipas, because Galilee was under Herod’s jurisdiction, and Herod happened to be in Jerusalem at the time.
8 Herod was delighted at the opportunity to see Jesus, because he had heard about him and had been hoping for a long time to see him perform a miracle. 9 He asked Jesus question after question, but Jesus refused to answer. 10 Meanwhile, the leading priests and the teachers of religious law stood there shouting their accusations. 11 Then Herod and his soldiers began mocking and ridiculing Jesus. Finally, they put a royal robe on him and sent him back to Pilate. 12 (Herod and Pilate, who had been enemies before, became friends that day.)
13 Then Pilate called together the leading priests and other religious leaders, along with the people, 14 and he announced his verdict. “You brought this man to me, accusing him of leading a revolt. I have examined him thoroughly on this point in your presence and find him innocent. 15 Herod came to the same conclusion and sent him back to us. Nothing this man has done calls for the death penalty. 16 So I will have him flogged, and then I will release him.”
18 Then a mighty roar rose from the crowd, and with one voice they shouted, “Kill him, and release Barabbas to us!” 19 (Barabbas was in prison for taking part in an insurrection in Jerusalem against the government, and for murder.) 20 Pilate argued with them, because he wanted to release Jesus. 21 But they kept shouting, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”
22 For the third time he demanded, “Why? What crime has he committed? I have found no reason to sentence him to death. So I will have him flogged, and then I will release him.”
23 But the mob shouted louder and louder, demanding that Jesus be crucified, and their voices prevailed. 24 So Pilate sentenced Jesus to die as they demanded. 25 As they had requested, he released Barabbas, the man in prison for insurrection and murder. But he turned Jesus over to them to do as they wished.
OVERVIEW: Jesus Is Tried, Found Innocent—and Condemned (Luke 22:66–23:25)
In this session, we explore the profound injustice of Jesus' trial and His silent strength amid false accusations. Despite being found innocent by both Jewish and Roman authorities, Jesus was condemned to death, fulfilling God's redemptive plan. As we reflect on this passage, consider the words of theologian N.T. Wright:
"Jesus' trial was a travesty of justice, but through it, God's justice was revealed."
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
A challenging aspect of this passage is the contrast between Jesus' innocence and His condemnation. Despite being declared innocent by both Pilate and Herod, the crowd insisted on His crucifixion. This highlights the tension between human injustice and divine purpose. Understanding this teaches us that God's plans can unfold even through human wrongdoing, and His justice prevails beyond earthly courts.
CULTURE CONNECTION: Influence on Life Today
In today's world, we often encounter situations where justice seems elusive, and the innocent suffer. Jesus' experience reminds us that even in such times, we can trust in God's ultimate justice. His silent endurance under false accusations encourages us to respond with grace and trust in God's sovereignty, knowing that He will right every wrong in His perfect timing.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: “The Power of Silent Strength”
“But Jesus remained silent.” – Luke 23:9 (NIV)
In 1955, a young Black teenager named Emmett Till was wrongfully accused of offending a white woman in Mississippi. The trial that followed made headlines across the country. Though the evidence clearly showed his accusers were lying, the jury still let the men go free. The injustice shocked the world—and it became one of the sparks that lit the fire of the civil rights movement.
Sometimes, the world gets it terribly wrong.
In our study today, we see something similar. Jesus, completely innocent, is dragged through a series of unfair trials. He is mocked, lied about, and treated like a criminal. And yet—He doesn’t argue. He doesn’t yell. He doesn't defend Himself.
Jesus stood strong in silence.
Why? Because He knew the truth. And He knew His purpose. He wasn’t just the victim of injustice—He was choosing to walk through it, for us.
When we face unfair treatment or feel the sting of being misunderstood, Jesus knows exactly how that feels. He’s been there. And He shows us that strength doesn’t always shout—sometimes, strength is quietly trusting in God’s justice.
The world didn’t get it right that day. But God did. And He always will.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
In these verses, what accusations are brought against Jesus by his opponents?
In what ways do these accusations reflect truth (even if it is misunderstood by Jesus’ accusers)? In what ways are these accusations simply false?
MAIN STUDY POINTS
Jesus’ Silent Strength Amid False Accusations Scripture: “When they accused him, though he had done nothing deserving death, they shouted... (Paraphrase based on Luke 22:66–23:25)” Notes: Even when surrounded by false claims and heated accusations, Jesus remained calm and silent. His quiet dignity shows that strength isn’t always loud—it can be found in trusting God fully. Encourage the group to see that sometimes, especially when the world is unfair, our best response can be to stand firm in peace and trust God’s greater plan.
The Injustice of Earthly Trials Scripture: “Pilate said, ‘I find no basis for a charge against this man.’” (Luke 23:4, NIV) Notes: Although Pilate clearly saw that Jesus was innocent, the pressure from the crowd led to an unjust decision. This teaches us that human justice can fail even when the truth is clear. It’s a reminder that while the courts of the world may sometimes produce unfair outcomes, God’s justice is unfailing—even when circumstances seem overwhelmingly unjust.
Trusting in God’s Ultimate Justice Scripture: “He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in his mouth.” (1 Peter 2:22, NIV – cross-reference) Notes: Even though Jesus was condemned despite His innocence, His example invites us to trust God’s perfect justice. His silent endurance in the face of false charges points to a deeper truth: our hope does not rest in human judgment, but in God’s eternal plan. This point can lead into a conversation about how we, too, can rely on Him when life feels unfair.
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT
Jesus’ trial shows us a profound paradox—here was a man who did nothing wrong, yet He was condemned. His response wasn’t to shout back or defend Himself with anger, but to meet injustice with tranquil trust. This silent strength reminds us that true power comes not from our own ability to fight against wrong, but from surrendering to God’s purpose. In our own lives, when we face challenges or false accusations, we can find comfort in knowing that God’s plans are far bigger than the shortcomings of the world.
The trial and condemnation of Jesus invite us to look beyond immediate appearances of injustice. Even when human courts fail and the world seems to be against the truth, Jesus’ example calls us to stand by our faith. His unwavering trust in God, even in His final hours, is a call for us to lean on divine justice. By remembering that the ultimate judge is God Himself, we can find hope and strength to endure our hardships, knowing that His justice will prevail in the end.
CROSS-REFERENCE
1 Peter 2:22 “He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in his mouth.”
Matthew 27:24 “When Pilate saw that he was getting nowhere, but that instead an uproar was starting, he washed his hands in front of the crowd.”
John 18:38 “Pilate said, ‘What is truth?’”
Philippians 1:29 “For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him.”
Hebrews 12:2 “Fixing our eyes on Jesus, the pioneer and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.”
Session 32 -
The Death of the Son of God (Luke 23:26–56)
— Printable Handout
Focus:
The depth of Jesus’ suffering and the love He showed through His
death.
Purpose
Statement:
This session calls us to contemplate the power and purpose of the
cross—the place where God’s love and justice met in full,
changing everything for humanity.
Icebreaker Questions:
When you think of the cross, what image or emotion comes to your mind first?
How do you respond to the idea that Jesus endured all of this for you?
READ: - Luke 23:26–56 (NLT)
26 As they led Jesus away, a man named Simon, who was from Cyrene, happened to be coming in from the countryside. The soldiers seized him and put the cross on him and made him carry it behind Jesus. 27 A large crowd trailed behind, including many grief-stricken women. 28 But Jesus turned and said to them, “Daughters of Jerusalem, don’t weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. 29 For the days are coming when they will say, ‘Fortunate indeed are the women who are childless, the wombs that have not borne a child and the breasts that have never nursed.’ 30 People will beg the mountains, ‘Fall on us,’ and plead with the hills, ‘Bury us.’ 31 For if these things are done when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”
32 Two others, both criminals, were led out to be executed with him. 33 When they came to a place called The Skull, they nailed him to the cross. And the criminals were also crucified—one on his right and one on his left.
34 Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.” And the soldiers gambled for his clothes by throwing dice.
35 The crowd watched and the leaders scoffed. “He saved others,” they said, “let him save himself if he is really God’s Messiah, the Chosen One.” 36 The soldiers mocked him, too, by offering him a drink of sour wine. 37 They called out to him, “If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!” 38 A sign was fastened above him with these words: “This is the King of the Jews.”
39 One of the criminals hanging beside him scoffed, “So you’re the Messiah, are you? Prove it by saving yourself—and us, too, while you’re at it!”
40 But the other criminal protested, “Don’t you fear God even when you have been sentenced to die? 41 We deserve to die for our crimes, but this man hasn’t done anything wrong.” 42 Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your Kingdom.”
43 And Jesus replied, “I assure you, today you will be with me in paradise.”
44 By this time it was about noon, and darkness fell across the whole land until three o’clock. 45 The light from the sun was gone. And suddenly, the curtain in the sanctuary of the Temple was torn down the middle. 46 Then Jesus shouted, “Father, I entrust my spirit into your hands!” And with those words he breathed his last.
47 When the Roman officer overseeing the execution saw what had happened, he worshiped God and said, “Surely this man was innocent.” 48 And when all the crowd that came to see the crucifixion saw what had happened, they went home in deep sorrow. 49 But Jesus’ friends, including the women who had followed him from Galilee, stood at a distance watching.
50 Now there was a good and righteous man named Joseph. He was a member of the Jewish high council, 51 but he had not agreed with the decision and actions of the other religious leaders. He was from the town of Arimathea in Judea, and he was waiting for the Kingdom of God to come. 52 He went to Pilate and asked for Jesus’ body. 53 Then he took the body down from the cross and wrapped it in a long sheet of linen cloth and laid it in a new tomb that had been carved out of rock. 54 This was done late on Friday afternoon, the day of preparation, as the Sabbath was about to begin.
55 As his body was taken away, the women from Galilee followed and saw the tomb where his body was placed. 56 Then they went home and prepared spices and ointments to anoint his body. But by the time they were finished the Sabbath had begun, so they rested as required by the law.
OVERVIEW: The Death of the Son of God (Luke 23:26–56)
In this session, we reflect on the profound depth of Jesus' suffering and the boundless love He demonstrated through His death. As He carried the weight of humanity's sins, Jesus endured physical torment, emotional anguish, and spiritual separation from the Father. Yet, His sacrifice was not in vain; it was the ultimate act of love and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. As theologian John Stott aptly stated,
"The essence of sin is man substituting himself for God, while the essence of salvation is God substituting Himself for man."
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
A challenging aspect of this passage is the profound significance of Jesus' final words: "Father, into Your hands I commit My spirit" (Luke 23:46). This statement signifies Jesus' complete trust in the Father, even in the face of death. It underscores the reality that Jesus' death was voluntary and purposeful, not a mere victim of circumstances. Understanding this helps us grasp the intentionality behind His sacrifice and the depth of His obedience to the Father's will.
CULTURE CONNECTION: Influence on Life Today
In our modern world, the cross often symbolizes suffering and sacrifice. Jesus' crucifixion serves as a powerful reminder that true love involves selflessness and enduring hardship for the sake of others. His willingness to lay down His life challenges us to examine our own lives and consider how we can embody His love and sacrifice in our daily interactions. Whether through acts of kindness, standing up for justice, or supporting those in need, the example of Jesus calls us to live lives marked by love and service.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: “The Bridge That Cost a Life”
“Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.” – Luke 23:46 (NIV)
In 1937, during the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge, safety nets were placed under the bridge to protect workers. It was a brand-new idea at the time, and it saved many lives. But one story stood out. A worker slipped and was falling toward certain death—until another man reached out and grabbed him. In doing so, the rescuer lost his own footing and fell instead.
One man died so another could live.
When we think of the cross, it’s easy to see just the suffering. The pain. The cruelty. But when we slow down and really look, we see something deeper—a love so strong that it took our place.
Jesus wasn’t just a teacher, a healer, or a kind man being punished. He was the Son of God—carrying the weight of our sin, our shame, and our guilt. On that cross, justice was served... but love was also poured out.
That’s the wonder of the cross: Jesus died the death we deserved, so we could live the life He earned.
Just like the bridge worker who gave his life to save another, Jesus became our bridge—connecting us to God in a way we could never reach on our own.
So today, as we remember His death, may we also remember His love. It wasn't the nails that held Him there—it was love.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
In Luke 23:26–43, how does Jesus demonstrate concern for other people? What response would you expect in these circumstances from an ordinary human being?
How do the similarities between Luke 23:35–39 and Luke 4:3–13 suggest that the cross is the “opportune time” (Luke 4:13) for Satan’s final temptation of Jesus? In what ways is this final temptation more severe than the earlier wilderness temptation?
Many in the first century would have seen Jesus’ crucifixion, which represented a divine curse (see Deut. 21:22–23; Gal. 3:13), as grounds to reject him. How should we respond to Jesus instead, based on Luke’s descriptions of the repentant criminal (Luke 23:41–43), the centurion (Luke 23:47), and Joseph of Arimathea (Luke 23:50–51)?
MAIN STUDY POINTS
The Cost of Sacrifice Scripture: “Jesus said, ‘Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.’” (Luke 23:34, NIV) Notes: Even in the midst of pain and injustice, Jesus chose forgiveness. His words show us that real love goes hand in hand with sacrifice. Remind your group that every act of sacrifice comes with the strength to forgive—even when it’s hard.
The Power of the Cross Scripture: “It was now about noon, and darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon…” (Luke 23:44–45, NIV) Notes: The sudden darkness is more than a dramatic detail; it’s a sign that everything was changing at that moment. Use this point to help the group see that the cross is where God’s justice meets His love. This darkness reminds us that the natural order was interrupted by something far greater than human understanding.
The Surrender of Jesus Scripture: “Jesus called out with a loud voice, ‘Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.’” (Luke 23:46, NIV) Notes: Jesus’ final words reveal a deep trust in God. His surrender wasn’t defeat—it was the ultimate act of obedience and hope. Highlight that His peaceful release into God’s care teaches us that even in our hardest moments, we can lean on Him and trust in His plan.
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT
The death of Jesus on the cross represents the ultimate meeting point of love and justice. In His final moments, Jesus took on the full weight of human pain and sin, demonstrating that love is powerful enough to forgive, heal, and bring hope. His suffering was real and deep, yet it was through this suffering that God’s promise of redemption shone brightest. When we reflect on this act, we are invited to see our own struggles as part of a bigger plan where every hardship can lead to hope and transformation.
The cross changed everything—it turned despair into hope and sorrow into victory. As we examine the depth of Jesus’ suffering, we are reminded that God’s love did not come with an empty promise but through the genuine sacrifice of His Son. This powerful truth encourages us to trust that even when life seems overwhelmingly hard or unfair, we are never abandoned. The cross is not just a symbol of a tragic end, but rather the powerful beginning of new life, where love, justice, and mercy meet for the betterment of all humanity.
CROSS-REFERENCE
John 3:16 “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.”
1 Peter 2:24 “He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; by his wounds you have been healed.”
Romans 5:8 “But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.”
Hebrews 10:10 “And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.”
1 Corinthians 1:18 “For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.”
Session 33 -
The Earliest Eyewitnesses of Jesus’ Resurrection (Luke 24:1–12)
— Printable Handout
Focus:
The resurrection and its power to defeat death and ignite
hope.
Purpose
Statement:
This session invites believers to rejoice in the truth of the empty
tomb and rediscover the hope of resurrection, both for today and
eternity.
Icebreaker Questions:
What does “hope” mean to you now compared to earlier in life?
How would your faith be different if there were no resurrection?
READ: - Luke 24:1–12 (NLT)
The Resurrection
24 But very early on Sunday morning the women went to the tomb, taking the spices they had prepared. 2 They found that the stone had been rolled away from the entrance. 3 So they went in, but they didn’t find the body of the Lord Jesus. 4 As they stood there puzzled, two men suddenly appeared to them, clothed in dazzling robes.
5 The women were terrified and bowed with their faces to the ground. Then the men asked, “Why are you looking among the dead for someone who is alive? 6 He isn’t here! He is risen from the dead! Remember what he told you back in Galilee, 7 that the Son of Man must be betrayed into the hands of sinful men and be crucified, and that he would rise again on the third day.”
8 Then they remembered that he had said this. 9 So they rushed back from the tomb to tell his eleven disciples—and everyone else—what had happened. 10 It was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and several other women who told the apostles what had happened. 11 But the story sounded like nonsense to the men, so they didn’t believe it. 12 However, Peter jumped up and ran to the tomb to look. Stooping, he peered in and saw the empty linen wrappings; then he went home again, wondering what had happened.
OVERVIEW: The Earliest Eyewitnesses of Jesus' Resurrection (Luke 24:1–12)
In this session, we delve into the profound moment when Jesus' followers first discovered His resurrection, transforming despair into hope. The narrative highlights the role of women as the initial witnesses, emphasizing their significance in the gospel story. As theologian N.T. Wright reflects: "The resurrection of Jesus is the beginning of God's new project, not to snatch people away from earth to heaven, but to colonize earth with the life of heaven."
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
A noteworthy aspect of this passage is the initial skepticism of the apostles toward the women's testimony. Despite their close association with Jesus, the disciples dismissed the women's account as "nonsense." This reaction underscores the profoundness of the resurrection event, challenging even the most devoted followers. It serves as a reminder that profound truths can be met with doubt, encouraging us to remain open to unexpected revelations.
CULTURE CONNECTION: Influence on Life Today
The empty tomb symbolizes hope and renewal, resonating deeply in today's world. In a society often overshadowed by challenges, the resurrection narrative invites individuals to seek life and fulfillment beyond transient sources. The angels' question, "Why do you look for the living among the dead?" prompts contemporary believers to reflect on where they seek meaning and purpose. Embracing the resurrection's message encourages a shift from worldly pursuits to a life anchored in spiritual truth and eternal hope.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: “Dawn After the Dark”
“Why do you look for the living among the dead? He is not here; he has risen!” – Luke 24:5 (NIV)
In 1945, after years of brutal war, a quiet morning came over Europe. People stepped outside and listened—and for the first time in a long while, there were no bombs. No gunfire. Just silence. It was Victory in Europe Day. Crowds danced in the streets. Families wept with joy. A new day had come.
But the morning didn’t start with parades. It started with quiet. With waking up and realizing the darkness had passed.
That’s a lot like the very first Easter morning. The women came to the tomb heavy with grief. They were expecting to care for a dead body. But instead—they were met with life.
Jesus was gone—not because someone had taken Him, but because He had risen.
That one moment—early in the morning, with a rolled-away stone and an empty tomb—changed everything. Death no longer had the final word. Hope was alive. And God’s promise was proven true.
Sometimes, we go through our own long nights. Seasons of grief. Fear. Doubt. But Easter reminds us: There is always a dawn. There is always hope.
Because the tomb is empty, our hearts can be full.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What details from these verses indicate that the earliest eyewitnesses did not expect Jesus to be raised from the dead?
What kinds of evidence did these eyewitnesses see and hear that changed their thinking?
MAIN STUDY POINTS
The Discovery of the Empty Tomb Scripture: “They found the stone rolled away from the tomb, but when they entered, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus.” (Luke 24:2–3, NIV) Notes: The women’s discovery of the empty tomb isn’t just a historical moment—it’s a powerful reminder that death has been overcome. Stress that this absence of Jesus’ body is not a sign of loss but a clear indicator of victory over death. It invites us to see that when everything seems to be ending, God may be starting something beautiful.
The Angelic Declaration of Resurrection Scripture: “In their fright the women bowed down with their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, ‘Why do you look for the living among the dead? He is not here; he has risen!’” (Luke 24:4–6, NIV) Notes: The message from the angel is both gentle and bold. It tells us that Jesus is alive! Emphasize that this declaration is meant to spark hope, assuring us that what seems impossible—defeating death—has already happened. It’s a promise that no matter our circumstance, God’s power can bring life out of the darkest moments.
The Impact of Eyewitness Testimony Scripture: “They returned from the tomb and told all these things to the Eleven and to all the others.” (Luke 24:9, NIV) Notes: The early believers, particularly the women, became the first messengers of this life-changing truth. Their willingness to share the news encourages us to boldly testify to the hope we have in Christ. Remind the group that personal experience of God’s work is a beautiful invitation for others to trust in the promise of resurrection.
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT
The resurrection of Jesus is the event that forever changed the story of humanity. It shows us that death is not the final word—God’s power brings new beginnings where we once saw endings. As we reflect on the empty tomb, we are invited to hold on to the hope that just as Jesus rose from death, so can we find renewal in our daily lives. This hope isn’t just for the future; it transforms us today, filling our hearts with the assurance that we are loved and never truly defeated.
When we step into the truth of the resurrection, we embrace a message that conquers fear and despair. The eyewitness accounts of that first Easter morning remind us that even in moments of uncertainty, God is at work, turning sorrow into joy and weakness into strength. This session calls us to celebrate the living Jesus—a beacon of hope—and to let His victory infuse our lives with fresh courage and passion to share His hope with others.
CROSS-REFERENCE
John 11:25-26 “Jesus said to her, ‘I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me will never die. Do you believe this?’”
1 Corinthians 15:20 “But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.”
Romans 6:4 “We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life.”
1 Peter 1:3 “Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! In his great mercy he has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.”
Acts 2:32 “God has raised this Jesus to life, and we are all witnesses of it.”
Session 34 -
Jesus Persuades Skeptics on the Emmaus Road (Luke 24:13–35)
— Printable Handout
Focus:
Jesus reveals Himself through Scripture and fellowship.
Purpose
Statement:
This session reveals how Jesus walks with us even when we don’t
recognize Him, and how His Word can reignite faith in weary hearts.
Icebreaker Questions:
Have you ever had a moment when Scripture suddenly “came alive” to you?
Why do you think it’s often hard to see God at work in the middle of confusion or grief?
READ: - Luke 24:13–35 (NLT)
The Walk to Emmaus
13 That same day two of Jesus’ followers were walking to the village of Emmaus, seven miles from Jerusalem. 14 As they walked along they were talking about everything that had happened. 15 As they talked and discussed these things, Jesus himself suddenly came and began walking with them. 16 But God kept them from recognizing him.
17 He asked them, “What are you discussing so intently as you walk along?”
They stopped short, sadness written across their faces. 18 Then one of them, Cleopas, replied, “You must be the only person in Jerusalem who hasn’t heard about all the things that have happened there the last few days.”
19 “What things?” Jesus asked.
“The things that happened to Jesus, the man from Nazareth,” they said. “He was a prophet who did powerful miracles, and he was a mighty teacher in the eyes of God and all the people. 20 But our leading priests and other religious leaders handed him over to be condemned to death, and they crucified him. 21 We had hoped he was the Messiah who had come to rescue Israel. This all happened three days ago.
22 “Then some women from our group of his followers were at his tomb early this morning, and they came back with an amazing report. 23 They said his body was missing, and they had seen angels who told them Jesus is alive! 24 Some of our men ran out to see, and sure enough, his body was gone, just as the women had said.”
25 Then Jesus said to them, “You foolish people! You find it so hard to believe all that the prophets wrote in the Scriptures. 26 Wasn’t it clearly predicted that the Messiah would have to suffer all these things before entering his glory?” 27 Then Jesus took them through the writings of Moses and all the prophets, explaining from all the Scriptures the things concerning himself.
28 By this time they were nearing Emmaus and the end of their journey. Jesus acted as if he were going on, 29 but they begged him, “Stay the night with us, since it is getting late.” So he went home with them. 30 As they sat down to eat, he took the bread and blessed it. Then he broke it and gave it to them. 31 Suddenly, their eyes were opened, and they recognized him. And at that moment he disappeared!
32 They said to each other, “Didn’t our hearts burn within us as he talked with us on the road and explained the Scriptures to us?” 33 And within the hour they were on their way back to Jerusalem. There they found the eleven disciples and the others who had gathered with them, 34 who said, “The Lord has really risen! He appeared to Peter.”
Jesus Appears to the Disciples
35 Then the two from Emmaus told their story of how Jesus had appeared to them as they were walking along the road, and how they had recognized him as he was breaking the bread.
OVERVIEW: Jesus Persuades Skeptics on the Emmaus Road (Luke 24:13–35)
In this session, we journey with two disciples traveling from Jerusalem to Emmaus, grappling with the recent events of Jesus' crucifixion. Their encounter with a stranger, who unfolds the Scriptures and reveals Himself in the breaking of bread, transforms their despair into renewed faith. As theologian N.T. Wright reflects:
"The resurrection of Jesus is the beginning of God's new project, not to snatch people away from earth to heaven, but to colonize earth with the life of heaven."
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
A striking element of this passage is that the disciples, despite being in the presence of the risen Jesus, fail to recognize Him initially. This suggests that their understanding was clouded, perhaps by grief or preconceived notions of the Messiah's role. Their eventual recognition occurs not through physical sight but through the revelation of Scripture and the intimate act of sharing a meal. This teaches us that spiritual insight often transcends physical evidence, inviting us to perceive God's presence in our lives beyond what is immediately visible.
CULTURE CONNECTION: Influence on Life Today
The Emmaus Road narrative resonates deeply in our contemporary context, highlighting the transformative power of Scripture and communal fellowship. In a world where many feel disconnected or uncertain, this story reminds us that Jesus walks alongside us, even when we don't recognize Him. Engaging with Scripture and participating in communal activities, such as sharing meals, can open our eyes to His presence and reignite our faith. This passage encourages us to remain open-hearted and attentive, allowing our spiritual journeys to be continually renewed through these practices.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: “Walking with a Stranger”
“Were not our hearts burning within us while he talked with us on the road and opened the Scriptures to us?” – Luke 24:32 (NIV)
In 1804, two explorers—Lewis and Clark—set out on a journey across a land few Americans had ever seen. As they walked mile after mile through the wilderness, they faced storms, wild animals, and deep uncertainty. But along the way, they were joined by a young Native American woman named Sacagawea.
She didn’t look like a hero. She was quiet. But she knew the land. She knew the way. And though they didn’t fully realize it at first, her presence made all the difference. She led them forward, even when they didn’t know where they were going.
In Luke 24, two men are walking down a lonely road to Emmaus. Their hearts are heavy. Their dreams are crushed. They’re trying to make sense of it all—and then, a stranger walks up beside them.
They don’t know it’s Jesus. But as they walk and talk, something stirs in their hearts. The stranger opens the Scriptures, and light begins to break through the darkness. Their faith is reignited—not all at once, but step by step.
Sometimes in life, we don’t realize that Jesus is walking with us. We’re caught up in the confusion, the sadness, the questions. But then, through His Word—or maybe through the kindness of a stranger—He opens our eyes. And suddenly, everything changes.
So today, remember: Jesus walks with us even when we don’t recognize Him. And He still speaks—through the Bible, through others, and through the quiet burning in our hearts.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
While some details of this section are puzzling (see Luke 24:16, 28–31), it is clear that the disciples Jesus encounters are filled with grief and confusion. Based on Luke 24:19–24, how would you describe the states of mind and heart they had experienced?
According to Luke 24:25–35, what two kinds of evidence does Jesus provide to help these disciples embrace the reality of his resurrection?
MAIN STUDY POINTS
Jesus Reveals Himself Through the Scriptures Scripture: “And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself.” (Luke 24:27, NIV) Notes: Here, Jesus takes the time to walk through the Old Testament and demonstrate how every part of the Scriptures points to Him. This shows that during times of doubt or confusion, Jesus is ready to reveal truth through God’s Word. Encourage the group to see that deep study and reflection can open our eyes to His presence—even on the busiest or most challenging days.
The Transforming Nature of Fellowship Scripture: “When he was at the table with them, he took bread, gave thanks, broke it and began to give it to them.” (Luke 24:30, NIV) Notes: The simple act of sharing a meal became the turning point for the disciples on the Emmaus road. Fellowship—whether through a shared meal, conversation, or even quiet company—can lead to moments of revelation. Remind the group that everyday acts of community can bring about spiritual clarity and help awaken us to Christ’s presence.
The Moment of Recognition Scripture: “Then their eyes were opened, and they recognized him, and he disappeared from their sight.” (Luke 24:31, NIV) Notes: The sudden clarity experienced by the disciples illustrates that when we are immersed in Scripture and fellowship, our hearts can be opened to the truth. The recognition isn’t forced but comes as a natural response to God’s gentle leading, inviting us to trust that Jesus is with us—even when we don’t immediately see Him.
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT
The story on the Emmaus road shines a light on the quiet way Jesus offers His guidance. As the two disciples journeyed in their sorrow and uncertainty, Jesus walked alongside them—explaining Scripture and sharing a meal. Their gradual realization that the stranger was their risen Lord shows us that faith is often rekindled in ordinary moments of genuine fellowship and honest conversation. No matter how overwhelmed or skeptical we might feel, Jesus is patiently revealing truth through God’s Word, ready to refresh our understanding and renew our hope.
This session reminds us that even when our hearts are weary and our eyes are downcast, Jesus is near. His gentle approach—using familiar moments like a shared meal or the reading of Scripture—teaches us that He meets us right where we are. In our lives, as we navigate uncertainty and moments of doubt, we can lean into fellowship and the timeless wisdom of the Bible. By allowing ourselves time to listen and reflect, we, too, can experience that moment when our eyes are opened to His comforting presence.
CROSS-REFERENCE
John 1:14 “The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.” This verse underscores the idea that Jesus’ very presence among us is a fulfillment of Scripture.
John 6:35 “Then Jesus declared, ‘I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never go hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty.’” By comparing Himself to bread, Jesus highlights how the simple act of sharing a meal is deeply connected to the sustenance of our souls.
Revelation 3:20 “Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with that person, and they with me.” This invitation reminds us that Jesus is always ready to enter into our lives when we create space for Him in our everyday moments.
Hebrews 13:2 “Do not forget to show hospitality to strangers, for by so doing some people have shown hospitality to angels without knowing it.” A call to open our lives to others, this verse echoes the theme of unexpected encounters—like that on the Emmaus road—that can change everything.
Colossians 3:16 “Let the message of Christ dwell among you richly as you teach and admonish one another with all wisdom through psalms, hymns, and songs from the Spirit, singing to God with gratitude in your hearts.” Emphasizing the power of communal worship and the sharing of Scripture, this verse supports the idea that fellowship is essential for reigniting and sustaining our faith.
Session 35 -
Jesus Provides Further Evidence of His Resurrection (Luke 24:36–43)
— Printable Handout
Focus:
The physical reality of Jesus’ resurrection and what it means for
our bodies and eternity.
Purpose
Statement:
This session highlights the tangible truth of the resurrection and
affirms our future hope in a risen, glorified body through Christ.
Icebreaker Questions:
Why do you think Jesus took time to show His disciples His hands and feet?
READ: - Luke 24:36–43 (NLT)
36 And just as they were telling about it, Jesus himself was suddenly standing there among them. “Peace be with you,” he said. 37 But the whole group was startled and frightened, thinking they were seeing a ghost!
38 “Why are you frightened?” he asked. “Why are your hearts filled with doubt? 39 Look at my hands. Look at my feet. You can see that it’s really me. Touch me and make sure that I am not a ghost, because ghosts don’t have bodies, as you see that I do.” 40 As he spoke, he showed them his hands and his feet.
41 Still they stood there in disbelief, filled with joy and wonder. Then he asked them, “Do you have anything here to eat?” 42 They gave him a piece of broiled fish, 43 and he ate it as they watched.
OVERVIEW: Jesus Provides Further Evidence of His Resurrection (Luke 24:36–43)
In this session, we delve into the tangible reality of Jesus' resurrection, emphasizing its significance for our understanding of the body and our eternal destiny. Jesus' deliberate actions—showing His hands and feet, inviting touch, and eating in the disciples' presence—underscore the physicality of His resurrected form. This passage assures us of the authenticity of His resurrection and offers a glimpse into the nature of our own future, glorified bodies.
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
A notable aspect of this passage is Jesus' emphasis on His physical form post-resurrection. He invites the disciples to touch Him, stating that a spirit does not have flesh and bones as He does. This clarification addresses misconceptions about the nature of His resurrection, reinforcing the concept that He rose bodily from the dead. Understanding this distinction helps dispel doubts about the physicality of His resurrection and its implications for our own future bodies.
CULTURE CONNECTION: Influence on Life Today
In contemporary society, where skepticism about the afterlife and the nature of existence is prevalent, this passage offers profound insights. It bridges the gap between the physical and spiritual realms, illustrating that our spiritual beliefs are anchored in tangible, physical realities. The depiction of Jesus' resurrected body encourages us to view our own bodies with renewed respect and anticipation, recognizing them as integral to our identity and future hope. This understanding fosters a holistic perspective on human existence, emphasizing the harmony between body and spirit.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: “Touching Proof”
“Look at my hands and my feet. It is I myself! Touch me and see...” – Luke 24:39 (NIV)
In 1969, millions of people watched in amazement as Neil Armstrong stepped onto the surface of the moon. But even after the broadcast, some folks couldn’t believe it really happened. It just seemed too amazing, too impossible. Then the astronauts came home—with moon rocks. You could see them. Scientists could study them. They were real, physical evidence.
That’s what makes this moment in Luke 24 so special. Jesus didn’t just rise in spirit—He rose in body. Real hands. Real feet. He ate fish right in front of them. He wasn’t a ghost. He wasn’t a vision. He was alive, walking and talking and touchable.
Jesus knew His friends were scared and unsure. So He gave them what they needed: proof they could touch. Hope they could hold onto.
And that hope is ours too.
Jesus’ resurrection isn’t just a beautiful idea—it’s a promise of what’s to come. Our future isn’t floating around in the clouds. It’s real. Tangible. Eternal. One day, we too will be raised—not as spirits, but with new, glorified bodies. No more pain. No more weakness. Just life—full and forever.
Because Jesus lives, we will too.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
According to Luke 24:34, the people to whom Jesus appears in Luke 24:36 are already convinced that he “has risen indeed.” How, then, might we explain their reaction in Luke 24:37–38? (Hint: the first half of Luke 24:41 provides strong clues.)
How does Jesus persuade his followers (1) that he really is alive physically, and not just spiritually, and (2) that he is the same person they knew before?
Some people question the reality of Jesus’ resurrection by saying, “Jesus’ disciples were naive, prescientific people.” Others suggest, “Jesus’ disciples were so grief-stricken that they were willing to believe anything.” What details from these verses, or from Luke 24 as a whole, argue against such conclusions?
MAIN STUDY POINTS
The Reality of a Physical Resurrection Scripture: “Look at my hands and my feet. It is I myself! Touch me and see; a ghost does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have.” (Luke 24:39, NIV) Notes: In this moment, Jesus invites His disciples to examine His hands and feet—clear evidence that He is not merely a spirit. This tangible demonstration shows that the resurrection is real, meaning our hope for a future, glorified body is based on concrete truth rather than an abstract idea.
The Gift of Reassurance and Peace Scripture: “While they were still talking about this, Jesus himself stood among them and said to them, ‘Peace be with you.’” (Luke 24:36, NIV) Notes: Jesus’ greeting of “Peace be with you” comes at a time when the disciples are startled and filled with doubts. His calm and assuring presence reminds us that even in the wake of confusion and fear, He brings a peace that can calm our hearts in the midst of uncertainty.
The Tangible Proof through Shared Fellowship Scripture: “He asked them, ‘Do you have anything here to eat?’ They gave him a piece of broiled fish, and he took it and ate it in their presence.” (Luke 24:41–43, NIV) Notes: When Jesus eats in front of His disciples, it isn’t just a meal—it’s undeniable proof that He has a real, physical body. This simple act reinforces that His resurrection is not a vision or a ghostly appearance but a true, bodily resurrection, assuring us of the promise that we too will experience a transformed, eternal body.
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT
The events described in Luke 24:36–43 powerfully affirm that Jesus’ resurrection was both real and physical. When He stood among His friends, invited them to touch His wounds, and even ate a meal with them, He left no doubt about His bodily resurrection. This truth serves as the cornerstone of our faith—it confirms that death has been defeated and that we, too, have the hope of receiving glorious, transformed bodies. In our everyday lives, when we experience loss or uncertainty, remembering these vivid moments can help reconnect us to the promise of eternal life.
Moreover, Jesus’ gentle greeting of peace amid the initial shock of His appearance assures us of His care and presence even when life feels overwhelming. His willingness to show Himself in such a tangible way speaks to the depth of God’s commitment to redeem and restore us—not only spiritually but physically as well. As we reflect on this scene, we can be encouraged to embrace the hope of resurrection; a future where pain is no more and all that is broken is made whole. This promise invites us to live with renewed courage and to share that enduring hope with others.
CROSS-REFERENCE
John 20:27 “Then he said to Thomas, ‘Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe.’” Jesus invites Thomas to see and touch His wounds, reinforcing the physical reality of His resurrection.
1 Corinthians 15:20–22 “But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man. For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive.” This passage explains that Jesus’ resurrection is the guarantee of our future resurrection.
1 Corinthians 15:42–44 “So will it be with the resurrection of the dead. The body that is sown is perishable, it is raised imperishable; it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body.” These verses describe the transformation of our bodies, echoing the hope found in Jesus’ resurrection.
Philippians 3:20–21 “But our citizenship is in heaven. And we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, who, by the power that enables him to bring everything under his control, will transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like his glorious body.” This reminds us that our future bodies will be made like Jesus’ resurrected body, filled with glory and power.
1 Thessalonians 4:16–17 “For the Lord himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will be with the Lord forever.” This passage offers assurance of our resurrection and eternal life with the Lord.
Session 36 -
Jesus Prepares His People for Faith, Obedience, and Mission (Luke
24:44–53)
— Printable Handout
Focus:
Jesus commissions His followers to be witnesses, empowered by
Scripture and the Spirit.
Purpose
Statement:
This session encourages believers to embrace their ongoing role in
God’s mission—sharing the gospel, living by faith, and awaiting
Christ’s return with purpose and joy.
Icebreaker Questions:
How has God used your life as a testimony to others?
What does it look like to live on mission in this season of your life?
READ: - Luke 24:44-53 (NLT)
44 Then he said, “When I was with you before, I told you that everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and in the Psalms must be fulfilled.” 45 Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures. 46 And he said, “Yes, it was written long ago that the Messiah would suffer and die and rise from the dead on the third day. 47 It was also written that this message would be proclaimed in the authority of his name to all the nations, beginning in Jerusalem: ‘There is forgiveness of sins for all who repent.’ 48 You are witnesses of all these things.
49 “And now I will send the Holy Spirit, just as my Father promised. But stay here in the city until the Holy Spirit comes and fills you with power from heaven.”
The Ascension
50 Then Jesus led them to Bethany, and lifting his hands to heaven, he blessed them. 51 While he was blessing them, he left them and was taken up to heaven. 52 So they worshiped him and then returned to Jerusalem filled with great joy. 53 And they spent all of their time in the Temple, praising God.
OVERVIEW: Jesus Prepares His People for Faith, Obedience, and Mission (Luke 24:44–53)
In this session, we explore Jesus' final instructions to His disciples before His ascension, emphasizing the fulfillment of Scripture and the empowerment for mission. Jesus opens their minds to understand the Scriptures, revealing that the Messiah's suffering, resurrection, and the proclamation of repentance and forgiveness are central to God's plan. He commissions them as witnesses and promises the coming of the Holy Spirit to equip them for their mission. As theologian N.T. Wright reflects:
"The resurrection of Jesus is the beginning of God's new project, not to snatch people away from earth to heaven, but to colonize earth with the life of heaven."
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
A noteworthy aspect of this passage is the disciples' initial lack of understanding regarding the Scriptures. Despite being with Jesus throughout His ministry, they did not fully comprehend the necessity of His suffering and resurrection. It was only after Jesus opened their minds that they grasped the fulfillment of these events in the Scriptures. This highlights the importance of divine revelation in understanding God's plan and the Scriptures' deeper meanings.
CULTURE CONNECTION: Influence on Life Today
In today's world, where many seek purpose and direction, this passage offers profound insights. Jesus' commission to His disciples extends to all believers, calling us to be witnesses of His love and truth. The promise of the Holy Spirit assures us that we are not alone in this mission; we are empowered to live out our faith and share the message of repentance and forgiveness. This passage encourages us to embrace our role in God's mission, living with purpose and joy as we await Christ's return.
For further reflection, consider the insights shared in the article "Sharing His Message: The Significance of Luke 24:44-53"
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: “The Torch Is Passed”
“You are witnesses of these things.” – Luke 24:48 (NIV)
In 1953, when Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay reached the top of Mount Everest, it wasn’t just a victory for them—it was a victory for explorers everywhere. But what’s truly remarkable is what they did next.
They didn’t just celebrate at the summit.
They came back down... and told others how to get there.
They mapped the route. They passed on their knowledge. And because of them, many others have since made the same climb.
That’s what Jesus does at the end of Luke’s Gospel.
After His resurrection, He gathers His followers—not to give them a rest, but to give them a mission. He opens their minds to Scripture. He blesses them. He promises the Holy Spirit. And then—He sends them out.
“You are witnesses,” He says.
That wasn’t just for them. It’s for us, too.
Jesus calls each one of us—right where we are—to be part of His story. To share His love. To live by faith. And to look ahead with joy, knowing He will return.
We may not climb Everest. But with each kind word, each prayer, each act of obedience, we help someone else take one step closer to Jesus.
We are the witnesses now. And the world still needs to hear.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
According
to Luke
24:44–53, what kinds of things will we believe when Christ
opens our minds to understand the Scriptures? What kinds of things
will we do?
The task of the worldwide mission
Jesus assigns his people in Luke
24:47 is
staggering in its scope and importance. According to Luke
24:44–53, what does Jesus do for us or give to us that will
sustain us in this task?
MAIN STUDY POINTS
Everything Points to Jesus in Scripture Scripture: “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms.” (Luke 24:44, NIV) Notes: Jesus reminds His followers that every word in Scripture finds its fulfillment in Him. This shows that our faith isn’t built on random promises, but on centuries of revelation that point directly to Jesus. When we understand this, it gives us confidence to share the gospel, knowing that God’s plan is clear and unchanging.
Opening Our Hearts Through Scripture Scripture: “Then he opened their minds so they could understand the Scriptures.” (Luke 24:45, NIV) Notes: Jesus helps us see that understanding God’s Word is not just an academic exercise—it’s a spiritual gift. Just as He opened the disciples’ eyes on the Emmaus road, He invites us to seek His guidance in every passage of Scripture. Encourage the group to regularly ask God for insight as they read and meditate on His Word.
Our Commission as Witnesses Scripture: “You are witnesses of these things.” (Luke 24:48, NIV) Notes: With the truth of Scripture revealed, Jesus commissions His followers to be bold witnesses. This isn’t reserved only for spiritual leaders—it’s a call to every believer. Discuss with the group how personal stories and everyday conversations can serve as powerful testimony to God’s work in our lives.
Empowerment by the Promise of the Holy Spirit Scripture: “I am going to send you what my Father has promised; but stay in the city until you have been clothed with power from on high.” (Luke 24:49, NIV) Notes: Jesus assures His followers that they won’t have to face the mission alone. The promise of the Holy Spirit means we are equipped to spread the gospel with strength and effectiveness. This should encourage us to trust that our own limitations are overcome by divine empowerment, making our witness more compelling.
Jesus’ Final Blessing and the Joyful Waiting Scripture: “When he had led them out to the vicinity of Bethany, he lifted up his hands and blessed them. While he was blessing them, he left them and was taken up into heaven.” (Luke 24:50–51, NIV) Notes: The closing moments of Luke 24 remind us that although Jesus ascended, His blessing and promise remain with us. This marks the beginning of our mission on earth and encourages us to live in the hopeful anticipation of His return. It sets a tone of joyful expectancy and purposeful living as we carry out His commission.
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT
In these final verses of Luke, we see a powerful commissioning. Jesus not only explained that all Scripture points to Him but also prepared His disciples to go out and become active witnesses in the world. This message reassures us that every promise God has made is fulfilled in Christ, and that we have been entrusted with sharing that truth. Whether we are speaking in our homes, school, or workplace, we stand on the firm foundation of God’s Word and His eternal plan for salvation.
Furthermore, Jesus' instruction to "stay in the city until you have been clothed with power" reminds us that we are not meant to face our mission in isolation. The promise of the Holy Spirit is a constant guarantee that God equips us for every challenge. As we await His return, our lives can be a vibrant mix of faithful living, joyful mission, and confident hope. Let this truth inspire us to hold fast to our calling, share the gospel with boldness, and live each day in anticipation of the kingdom that is coming.
CROSS-REFERENCE
Acts 1:8 “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.” This verse reinforces the promise of divine power for effective witness.
Matthew 28:19–20 “Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.” The Great Commission echoes our ongoing mission to share the gospel and live faithfully.
John 20:21 “Again Jesus said, ‘Peace be with you! As the Father has sent me, I am sending you.’” Here, Jesus sends out His followers, just as He commissioned the disciples in Luke, underscoring our role as His ambassadors.
Romans 10:14 “How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them?” This passage challenges us to be active in sharing what we believe, because our witness is key to others discovering Christ.
Ephesians 6:19–20 “Pray also for me, that whenever I speak, words may be given me so that I will fearlessly make known the mystery of the gospel, for which I am an ambassador in chains. Pray that I may declare it fearlessly, as I should.” Paul’s plea for boldness in preaching the gospel supports our call to be courageous witnesses in our daily lives.