Galatians
The
Book of Galatians is a letter from the Apostle Paul to the churches
in Galatia, addressing the issue of legalism and emphasizing the
sufficiency of faith in Christ for salvation. Paul defends the gospel
of grace, teaching that justification comes not through works of the
law but through faith in Jesus Christ alone. In Galatians 2:16, he
boldly declares, "A person is not justified by the works of the
law, but by faith in Jesus Christ," highlighting the freedom and
grace found in the gospel.
Session
1: The
Call to Freedom
- Galatians 1:1-10
Printable
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Focus:
Paul’s defense of his apostleship and the gospel of grace
Purpose
Statement:
To understand that the gospel is not
man-made but comes from God alone, and to be reminded of the freedom
we have in Christ, which should not be compromised by false
teachings.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 1:1-10 (NIV)
1 Paul, an apostle—sent not from men nor by a man, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead— 2 and all the brothers and sisters with me,
To the churches in Galatia:
3 Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, 4 who gave himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, 5 to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.
6 I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called you to live in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel— 7 which is really no gospel at all. Evidently some people are throwing you into confusion and are trying to pervert the gospel of Christ. 8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse! 9 As we have already said, so now I say again: If anybody is preaching to you a gospel other than what you accepted, let them be under God’s curse!
10 Am I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God? Or am I trying to please people? If I were still trying to please people, I would not be a servant of Christ.
OVERVIEW: The Call to Freedom - Galatians 1:1-10
In the first chapter of Galatians, the Apostle Paul is writing to a group of believers in the region of Galatia who are struggling with the truth of the gospel. Some people had been teaching them that they needed to follow certain rules and laws to be saved, but Paul is reminding them that salvation and freedom in Christ come through faith alone, not by following man-made rules or traditions. Paul is defending his authority as an apostle, emphasizing that the message he brought to them was not from human beings, but directly from God. This passage serves as an important reminder that the gospel is about God’s grace, and that freedom in Christ is not something that should be compromised or distorted by false teachings.
Key Verse: "I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called you to live in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel— which is really no gospel at all." — Galatians 1:6-7
"A preacher once said, 'The gospel is not a message we shape; it is a message that shapes us.'" — John Stott
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Galatians 1:1-10
1.
Galatians 1:1-2: Introduction and Paul’s Authority
“Paul,
an apostle—sent not from men nor by a man, but by Jesus Christ and
God the Father, who raised him from the dead—and all the brothers
and sisters with me, To the churches in Galatia:”
Paul
opens his letter by stating that his apostleship is not from human
authority. His calling to be an apostle came directly from Jesus
Christ and God the Father, not from any human organization or
tradition. This is important because the people in Galatia were being
influenced by false teachers who tried to undermine Paul’s
authority.
—Paul’s authority comes from God, not from man. This sets the tone for everything that follows. He wants the Galatians to trust that the gospel he preached to them is genuine and from God, not something invented by people.
2.
Galatians 1:3-5: Grace and Peace from God
“Grace
and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, who
gave himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age,
according to the will of our God and Father, to whom be glory for
ever and ever. Amen.”
In
these verses, Paul is reminding the Galatians about the heart of the
gospel—the grace and peace that come from God. Jesus gave Himself
for our sins to rescue us from this world’s evil. This is the
message of grace: not by our works, but through Jesus’ sacrifice,
we are saved.
—Grace and peace come from Jesus Christ. It’s important to highlight that salvation is God's gift to us, not something we earn. The freedom we have in Christ comes only through His work on the cross.
3.
Galatians 1:6-7: Paul’s Astonishment at the Galatians’ Desertion
“I
am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called
you to live in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different
gospel— which is really no gospel at all.”
Paul
expresses shock and disappointment that the Galatians are turning
away from the true gospel. He doesn’t just call it a "wrong"
gospel; he calls it “no gospel at all.” This is a strong warning
about the danger of false teachings—anything that distorts the true
message of God’s grace isn’t good news.
—Paul is upset because the Galatians are turning to something that isn’t the gospel. It’s a warning that we should be careful not to let anything distort the truth of what Jesus has done for us.
4.
Galatians 1:8-9: A Curse on False Teachers
“But
even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than
the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse! As we
have already said, so now I say again: If anybody is preaching to you
a gospel other than what you accepted, let them be under God’s
curse!”
Paul
is so serious about the gospel that he says anyone, even himself or
an angel, who preaches a distorted message should be cursed. This
shows how important it is to preserve the truth of God’s grace, and
how strongly Paul feels about protecting the message of the gospel
from being changed.
—The gospel of grace is not something we can change or water down. It must remain pure. Paul is saying that altering it or twisting it is a dangerous thing, and those who do so are under God’s curse.
5.
Galatians 1:10: Seeking the Approval of God, Not Man
“Am
I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God? Or am I
trying to please people? If I were still trying to please people, I
would not be a servant of Christ.”
Paul
closes this section by reaffirming that he is not trying to please
people. He’s not about making himself popular or fitting in. His
purpose is to serve Christ. This is a reminder that, as Christians,
we should focus on pleasing God and staying true to His message, even
when it’s unpopular or uncomfortable.
—Following Christ is not about pleasing people or going along with what’s popular. It’s about staying faithful to God’s truth, no matter the cost.
Reflection: As you read through this passage, think about how easily we can get distracted or led away by false teachings or pressures from the world. Paul reminds us that the true gospel is about God's grace, and it doesn’t need to be changed or added to. It’s all about what Jesus has already done for us. Let’s hold onto that truth and live in the freedom it brings!
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Stolen Recipe
Lena had a secret family recipe for the best chocolate chip cookies in town. It had been passed down for generations, and she guarded it carefully. One day, her friend Jake asked for the recipe. Instead of giving him the real one, she joked, “Just use store-bought dough and add extra sugar.”
A week later, Jake entered a baking contest using Lena’s "recipe." His cookies were a disaster—too sweet and falling apart. When he complained, Lena laughed, “Well, that wasn’t the real recipe! You changed it, and that’s why it didn’t turn out right.”
In Galatians 1:1-10, Paul is doing something similar. The Galatians had received the true gospel—the message of grace through Jesus alone. But some people started changing the "recipe," adding their own rules and traditions. Paul is reminding them, "If you change the gospel, it’s not the gospel anymore!"
Just like cookies made with a fake recipe won’t turn out right, a faith built on a distorted gospel won’t lead to true freedom. Paul wants us to remember: the gospel comes from God, not people. We don’t need to add to it or change it—grace is enough!
Reflection Question: Have you ever felt pressured to "add" something to your faith to make it seem more real? How can you rest in the freedom of God's true gospel today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Paul's Strong Words Against False Teachers
In Galatians 1:8-9, Paul writes: "But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse!" (Galatians 1:8, NIV)
At first glance, this might seem harsh. After all, how could someone, even an angel, be cursed for sharing a message? Paul is emphasizing the seriousness of distorting the gospel. He wants the Galatians to understand that any teaching that adds to or changes the message of salvation through Jesus Christ alone is not just incorrect; it's dangerous. By using strong language, Paul underscores the importance of holding fast to the true gospel and not being swayed by false teachings.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The Call to Freedom - Galatians 1:1-10
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Conviction in the True Gospel→A person grows in clarity and commitment to the one true gospel, rejecting distortions and false teachings.→Galatians 1:6–7
→Boldness in Truth→They develop courage to stand firm for the truth, even when it is unpopular or challenges others.→Galatians 1:8–9
→Discernment→They become spiritually discerning, able to detect when teachings deviate from the grace-centered message of Christ.→Galatians 1:6–7
→God-Pleasing Focus→Their motivation shifts from seeking approval of people to seeking the approval of God.→Galatians 1:10
→Sense of Calling→They begin to live with purpose, recognizing they are called by God, not by human authority.→Galatians 1:1
→Commitment to Grace→They grow in their understanding and appreciation of grace as the foundation of their faith and spiritual freedom.→Galatians 1:3–5
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
When Paul speaks to the Galatians about the “different gospel” that is confusing them, he isn’t just warning them about a minor misstep—he’s emphasizing that altering the message of grace is a serious matter. In Galatians 1:6-9, he makes it clear that any deviation from the gospel of grace, whether by human teachings or something else, is not just wrong but cursed. Paul was passionate because he understood the weight of the true gospel. The freedom we have in Christ isn’t a freedom to do whatever we want, but a freedom to live in the grace of God, empowered to live differently because of Christ's sacrifice. Any other gospel doesn't set us free; it traps us in rules, guilt, and the burden of performance.
What does this mean for us today? Well, it’s easy to be swayed by the pressures of society, where we are told that the message of Jesus is too simple or not enough. We’re tempted by things that sound good but aren't grounded in the truth of God's Word. But the call of freedom in Christ means we don’t need to add anything to what Jesus has already done. The freedom He offers is complete, and it’s for all who believe. We don’t need to try to please others or earn approval; Christ has already set us free, and we can live confidently in that freedom. Let’s remind ourselves that any “different gospel” that tries to distract us from this truth is no gospel at all.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 1:1-10:
2 Corinthians 11:3-4 But I am afraid that just as Eve was deceived by the serpent’s cunning, your minds may somehow be led astray from your sincere and pure devotion to Christ. For if someone comes to you and preaches a Jesus other than the Jesus we preached, or if you receive a different spirit from the Spirit you received, or a different gospel from the one you accepted, you put up with it easily enough.
Romans 1:1-5 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God—the gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the Holy Scriptures regarding his Son, who as to his earthly life was a descendant of David, and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. Through him we received grace and apostleship to call all the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from faith for his name’s sake.
Galatians 1:11-12 I want you to know, brothers and sisters, that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ.
Acts 5:29 Peter and the other apostles replied: “We must obey God rather than human beings!"
1 Corinthians 15:1-4 Now, brothers and sisters, I want to remind you of the gospel I preached to you, which you received and on which you have taken your stand. By this gospel you are saved, if you hold firmly to the word I preached to you. Otherwise, you have believed in vain. For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
Why does Paul emphasize that his apostleship is from God and not from human beings?
+ Paul starts his letter by asserting that his role as an apostle comes directly from Jesus Christ and God the Father, not from any human authority. This is important because some people were questioning his authority and the message he preached. By stating that his apostleship is God-given, Paul establishes the credibility of his teachings and the gospel he shares.
What does Paul mean when he says, "If anyone is preaching to you a gospel other than what you accepted, let them be under God’s curse"?
+ Paul is warning the Galatians against false teachers who were trying to add extra rules or requirements to the gospel, like insisting on circumcision. He stresses that any message that changes the simple truth of salvation through faith in Jesus Christ alone is not the true gospel. By saying such people should be "under God’s curse," Paul is highlighting the seriousness of distorting the gospel message.
How can we ensure that we are not swayed by false teachings today?
+ To avoid being misled, it's crucial to know the true gospel as presented in the Bible. This means regularly reading and studying Scripture, being part of a community that values biblical truth, and being open to the guidance of the Holy Spirit. By grounding ourselves in the Word of God and seeking understanding through prayer and fellowship, we can recognize and resist teachings that stray from the gospel of grace.
Session
2: A
Divine Revelation
- Galatians 1:11-24
Printable
Download
Focus:
Paul’s personal testimony and divine calling
Purpose
Statement:
To reflect on Paul’s journey of transformation and how God reveals
His truth to us personally, calling us to faith
and obedience
to the gospel, regardless of past failures or traditions.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 1:11-24 (NIV)
11 I want you to know, brothers and sisters, that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. 12 I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ.
13 For you have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism, how intensely I persecuted the church of God and tried to destroy it. 14 I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people and was extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers. 15 But when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by his grace, was pleased 16 to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach him among the Gentiles, my immediate response was not to consult any human being. 17 I did not go up to Jerusalem to see those who were apostles before I was, but I went into Arabia. Later I returned to Damascus.
18 Then after three years, I went up to Jerusalem to get acquainted with Cephas and stayed with him fifteen days. 19 I saw none of the other apostles—only James, the Lord’s brother. 20 I assure you before God that what I am writing you is no lie.
21 Then I went to Syria and Cilicia. 22 I was personally unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. 23 They only heard the report: “The man who formerly persecuted us is now preaching the faith he once tried to destroy.” 24 And they praised God because of me.
OVERVIEW: A Divine Revelation - Galatians 1:11-24
In this passage, Paul shares his personal story of how he came to know the truth of the gospel. He was once a fierce opponent of Christians, even persecuting them, but God revealed the truth to him in a powerful way. Paul’s transformation shows that no one is beyond God’s reach, and that God can change even the hardest heart. Through this, we learn that God’s calling is personal. His truth is not something we inherit through tradition or man-made rules, but something He reveals to us directly. Paul’s story is a reminder that, no matter our past, God can call us to faith and obedience.
Key Verse: "But when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach him among the Gentiles, my immediate response was not to consult any human being." — Galatians 1:15-16
"God doesn't call the qualified, He qualifies the called." — Unknown
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Galatians 1:11-24
1.
Galatians 1:11-12: The Gospel Paul Preached
“I
want you to know, brothers and sisters, that the gospel I preached is
not of human origin. I did not receive it from any man, nor was I
taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus
Christ.”
Paul
starts by emphasizing that the gospel he preaches didn’t come from
people or traditions. It came directly from Jesus through divine
revelation. This is significant because it highlights that the truth
Paul shares is not based on human opinion but on God’s personal
revelation to him.
— The gospel Paul preaches is not something man-made—it’s a message directly from Jesus Christ. This means that the gospel is pure and trustworthy.
2.
Galatians 1:13-14: Paul’s Past as a Persecutor
“For
you have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism, how intensely I
persecuted the church of God and tried to destroy it. I was advancing
in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people and was
extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers.”
Paul
doesn’t shy away from talking about his past. Before becoming a
follower of Christ, he was a leader in the Jewish faith and violently
opposed Christians. His past was filled with persecution and pride in
his religious traditions.
— Paul’s story reminds us that our past mistakes don’t define us. God can redeem anyone, no matter how far they’ve gone astray. Paul’s transformation shows the power of God’s grace to change even the hardest of hearts.
3.
Galatians 1:15-16: Paul’s Divine Calling
“But
when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by
his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach
him among the Gentiles, I did not consult any man.”
Paul
shares how God called him from his mother's womb, meaning that God
had a plan for him even before he was born. This was a divine
calling, and it happened when God chose to reveal His Son to Paul
personally. The moment of Paul's conversion wasn’t because of human
effort or influence—it was purely by God’s grace.
— God has a plan for everyone. He doesn’t call us based on our past actions, but by His grace and for His purposes. His calling is personal, and He reveals His truth to us when He is ready.
4.
Galatians 1:17-18: Paul’s Response to the Call
“I
did not go up to Jerusalem to see those who were apostles before I
was, but I went into Arabia. Later I returned to Damascus. Then after
three years, I went up to Jerusalem to get acquainted with Cephas and
stayed with him fifteen days.”
After
his conversion, Paul didn’t rush to meet other apostles or leaders.
Instead, he spent time in Arabia and Damascus, reflecting on what God
had revealed to him. It wasn’t until three years later that he went
to Jerusalem to meet Peter and other leaders of the church.
— Paul’s response to his divine calling was not to seek approval from others. He took time to understand and reflect on the truth God revealed to him before sharing it with others. This teaches us the importance of personal reflection and growth in our own relationship with God.
5.
Galatians 1:19-24: Paul’s Growing Influence
“I
saw none of the other apostles—only James, the Lord’s brother. I
assure you before God that what I am writing you is no lie. Later I
went to Syria and Cilicia. I was personally unknown to the churches
of Judea that are in Christ. They only heard the report: ‘The man
who formerly persecuted us is now preaching the faith he once tried
to destroy.’ And they praised God because of me.”
Paul
explains that, after his time in Jerusalem, he continued his ministry
in other areas. The churches in Judea heard of his transformation and
rejoiced that someone who once persecuted the church was now
preaching the faith he tried to destroy. His testimony became a
powerful witness to God’s work in his life.
— Paul’s life shows us the power of personal transformation. People were amazed by how God had changed him, and it brought glory to God. Our own stories of change can serve as powerful testimonies of God's grace.
Reflection:
Paul’s journey of transformation shows us that God’s calling is personal. Just as He revealed the truth to Paul, He calls each of us to faith and obedience. No matter what our past looks like, God’s grace is greater. Our mistakes or failures don’t have to define us. What matters is how God has revealed His truth to us and how we respond to His calling in our lives.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Broken Road and the New Path
Ethan had always taken the same route to work—a long, winding road through town. It was familiar, comfortable, and part of his daily routine. One morning, he found the road completely closed for repairs. Frustrated, he had no choice but to follow a detour.
To his surprise, the new route was faster, smoother, and had way less traffic. He realized he had been stuck in his old way simply because it was what he had always known. The road closure forced him to see a better path.
Paul had been on his own “familiar road” too—zealously following religious traditions, convinced he was doing the right thing. But then, Jesus stopped him in his tracks. His old path was broken, and God revealed a new way: the gospel of grace. Paul didn’t find it through human teaching, but through a divine revelation. His life changed completely.
Like Ethan, we can get stuck in routines, traditions, or past mistakes. But God calls us to something greater. He meets us where we are and reveals His truth in ways we may not expect. No past failure or old habit is too strong for God’s grace to transform.
Reflection Question: Is there an area in your life where God may be leading you to a “new path” of faith and obedience? How can you be open to His direction?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Paul's Radical Transformation
In
Galatians 1:13-16, Paul shares how he once persecuted Christians, but
God radically changed his life:
"For
you have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism, how intensely I
persecuted the church of God and tried to destroy it. I was advancing
in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people and was
extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers."
(Galatians 1:13-14, NIV)
What’s surprising here is that Paul was not just an unbeliever; he was actively working against the early church. He was deeply committed to his Jewish traditions, and in his mind, the gospel message was a threat. Yet, God chose him—someone who was far from faith—to reveal the truth and call him to become an apostle. This reminds us that no one is beyond the reach of God’s grace. Even those with a history of opposition to the gospel can be radically transformed by God's love and calling.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously A Divine Revelation - Galatians 1:11-24
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Dependence on God's Revelation→A person learns to rely on direct revelation from God through Scripture and the Holy Spirit, not just human tradition or opinion.→Galatians 1:11–12
→Transformation by Grace→They reflect a life changed by encountering Christ, marked by radical inner transformation.→Galatians 1:13–16
→Humility About the Past→They acknowledge past failures or opposition to God without shame, using it as testimony to God's redemptive power.→Galatians 1:13–14
→Clarity of Calling→They grow in understanding their unique calling from God, shaped by divine purpose rather than human influence.→Galatians 1:15–16
→Patience in Growth→They accept God's timing in spiritual development and are not rushed by others’ expectations.→Galatians 1:17–18
→Desire to Glorify God→They live in a way that points others to glorify God because of the transformation in their life.→Galatians 1:23–24
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
Paul’s testimony is an incredible reminder of the power of God’s transformation. Before meeting Christ, Paul (then Saul) was a persecutor of Christians, zealously trying to destroy the very faith he later became the most passionate proponent of. This dramatic shift shows us that no one is too far gone for God’s grace. Paul didn’t earn his calling; he was chosen and revealed the truth of Jesus Christ in a personal and life-changing way. What’s remarkable is that God’s revelation to Paul didn’t just change his actions; it changed the very core of who he was. His past, his identity, and even his relationships were all transformed by this encounter.
This same kind of personal revelation is available to all of us. We don’t have to be defined by our past mistakes, failures, or traditions. God calls us to Himself, not because of our worthiness, but because of His love and grace. And just as God called Paul, He calls each of us to live out the gospel with purpose and boldness. There’s no such thing as an unqualified person when God calls; He equips and empowers. Paul’s journey reminds us that transformation is possible for anyone, no matter their background, and that God’s grace can turn even the hardest hearts into passionate witnesses for Christ.
What does this mean for us today? Maybe you feel like you’re too far from God’s plan for your life because of past mistakes or your current struggles. But the good news is, God’s calling doesn’t depend on where you’ve been; it depends on where He wants to take you. Just like Paul, God has a unique and powerful purpose for each of us—one that can only be fulfilled through His grace. The invitation to follow Christ is always personal, and it’s never too late to step into the new life He offers.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 1:11-24:
Acts 9:1-6 Meanwhile, Saul was still breathing out murderous threats against the Lord’s disciples. He went to the high priest and asked him for letters to the synagogues in Damascus, so that if he found any there who belonged to the Way, whether men or women, he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem. As he neared Damascus on his journey, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him. He fell to the ground and heard a voice say to him, “Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?” “Who are you, Lord?” Saul asked. “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting,” he replied. “Now get up and go into the city, and you will be told what you must do.”
Philippians 3:4-6 If someone else thinks they have reasons to put confidence in the flesh, I have more: circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; in regard to the law, a Pharisee; as for zeal, persecuting the church; as for righteousness based on the law, faultless.
1 Timothy 1:13-16 Even though I was once a blasphemer and a persecutor and a violent man, I was shown mercy because I acted in ignorance and unbelief. The grace of our Lord was poured out on me abundantly, along with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus. Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners—of whom I am the worst. But for that very reason I was shown mercy so that in me, the worst of sinners, Christ Jesus might display his immense patience as an example for those who would believe in him and receive eternal life.
2 Corinthians 5:17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come: The old has gone, the new is here!
Ephesians 3:8 Although I am less than the least of all the Lord’s people, this grace was given me: to preach to the Gentiles the boundless riches of Christ.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
How did Paul’s past affect his calling, and why do you think God chose someone with such a history to preach the gospel?
+ Paul’s past as a persecutor of the church might seem like an obstacle to his calling, but God used his history to demonstrate the power of grace. Paul's transformation is a testament to how God’s power can change anyone, no matter their past mistakes or opposition to the gospel. His story also emphasizes that God doesn’t just use “perfect” people—He works through those who are willing to be transformed.
What does it mean for us to have a "divine revelation" from God like Paul did? How does God reveal His truth to us today?
+ Paul's experience of divine revelation was personal and life-changing—Jesus directly revealed Himself to Paul on the road to Damascus. Today, God continues to reveal His truth to us through the Bible, prayer, the Holy Spirit, and the fellowship of believers. While our experience may not be as dramatic as Paul's, God still calls us into a personal relationship with Him and speaks to us in ways that guide our lives.
How can we overcome past failures or traditions that may hinder our walk with Christ and our ability to serve Him?
+ Paul had to overcome his zealous commitment to the traditions of Judaism, which had led him to oppose Christianity. For us, it may not be the same traditions, but past failures or old habits can sometimes hinder our ability to fully embrace God’s calling. By trusting in God’s grace and being open to transformation, we can break free from anything that holds us back from walking in the freedom of Christ. God’s forgiveness allows us to move forward and live out our new identity in Him.
Session
3: The
Gospel and the Apostles
- Galatians 2:1-10
Printable
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Focus:
Paul’s interaction with the apostles in Jerusalem
Purpose
Statement:
To highlight the unity in the gospel message and the importance of
grace
over works,
showing that salvation is through faith alone, not through observance
of the law.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 2:1-10 (NIV)
1 Then after fourteen years, I went up again to Jerusalem, this time with Barnabas. I took Titus along also. 2 I went in response to a revelation and, meeting privately with those esteemed as leaders, I presented to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. I wanted to be sure I was not running and had not been running my race in vain. 3 Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek. 4 This matter arose because some false believers had infiltrated our ranks to spy on the freedom we have in Christ Jesus and to make us slaves. 5 We did not give in to them for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you.
6 As for those who were held in high esteem—whatever they were makes no difference to me; God does not show favoritism—they added nothing to my message. 7 On the contrary, they recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised. 8 For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. 9 James, Cephas and John, those esteemed as pillars, gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship when they recognized the grace given to me. They agreed that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcised. 10 All they asked was that we should continue to remember the poor, the very thing I had been eager to do all along.
OVERVIEW:
In this passage, Paul recounts a visit he made to Jerusalem to meet with the apostles, including Peter, James, and John. He shared the gospel he had been preaching to the Gentiles, and after careful discussion, they recognized that the message of salvation by faith in Jesus Christ was the same for both Jews and Gentiles. Paul emphasizes that there was no need for Gentile believers to be circumcised or follow the Jewish law to be saved. This moment of unity among the apostles solidified the truth that salvation is by grace alone, through faith alone.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 2:1-2“Then after fourteen years, I went up again to Jerusalem, this time with Barnabas. I took Titus along also. I went in response to a revelation and set before them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. I wanted to be sure I was not running and had not been running my race in vain.”
Explanation: Paul describes a significant meeting with the Jerusalem apostles, 14 years after his first visit. His purpose was to confirm that his gospel message was the same as what the apostles were teaching. It was important for Paul to ensure that his work was in line with the message of Christ, and this meeting confirmed the unity of the gospel message.
Galatians 2:3-5“Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek. This matter arose because some false believers had infiltrated our ranks to spy on the freedom we have in Christ Jesus and to make us slaves. We did not give in to them for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you.”
Explanation: Paul highlights a key issue—whether or not Gentile believers needed to be circumcised according to Jewish law. The false teachers tried to convince the apostles and Paul that Gentiles should follow the law, but Paul firmly rejected this idea, affirming that salvation is by grace through faith, not through following the law.
Galatians 2:6-7“As for those who were held in high esteem—whatever they were makes no difference to me; God does not show favoritism—they added nothing to my message. On the contrary, they recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised.”
Explanation: Paul emphasizes that his message was affirmed by the apostles. He notes that God does not show favoritism and that the apostles recognized his mission to the Gentiles, just as Peter had a mission to the Jews. This was a powerful affirmation of the unity of the gospel across different groups of people.
Galatians 2:8-9“For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. James, Cephas (Peter), and John, those esteemed as pillars, gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship when they recognized the grace given to me. They agreed that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the Jews.”
Explanation: The apostles affirmed that God’s grace was working through both Paul and Peter. Even though their missions were directed to different people (Jews for Peter, Gentiles for Paul), they both preached the same gospel. The church leaders, recognizing the work of God, gave Paul and Barnabas their blessing to continue their ministry.
Galatians 2:10“All they asked was that we should continue to remember the poor, the very thing I had been eager to do all along.”
Explanation: The apostles’ final request was for Paul and Barnabas to continue caring for the poor. This simple yet powerful request reminds us that the gospel involves both faith and action, particularly in how we care for those in need.
Reflection and Application
In this passage, we see that Paul, though a powerful leader in the church, sought confirmation from the apostles about his message. This was not out of doubt, but out of a desire for unity in the gospel. The core truth is that salvation is through faith alone in Jesus Christ, not through adherence to the law. This truth is just as crucial today as it was for the early church.
For us, the key takeaway is to recognize that salvation is not about religious rituals or following rules—it’s about grace through faith in Christ. As we reflect on this, we should ask ourselves: are we tempted to rely on our own efforts or traditions for approval with God, or are we living in the freedom that comes from Christ’s finished work on the cross?
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Team with One Playbook
Jenna loved basketball, but her new team was struggling. Everyone played their own way, ignoring the coach’s strategies. Some players focused only on offense, while others refused to pass. It was chaos, and they kept losing.
One day, the coach called a meeting. He held up the team playbook and said, “We all have to follow the same game plan. If we each make up our own rules, we’ll never win. But if we trust this strategy, we’ll succeed—together.”
In Galatians 2:1-10, Paul meets with the other apostles in Jerusalem. Even though they had different backgrounds and experiences, they realized they were all following the same “playbook”—the gospel of Jesus Christ. The message didn’t change based on who preached it. Salvation wasn’t about following extra rules or traditions, but about faith in Christ alone.
Just like Jenna’s team needed unity under one game plan, Christians need unity in the gospel. It’s not about personal opinions or extra requirements—it’s about trusting in the grace of Jesus. When we stand firm in that truth, we can move forward in faith, together.
Reflection Question: Are there times when you feel pressure to add extra “rules” to your faith? How can you focus on grace and unity in the gospel?
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The Gospel and the Apostles - Galatians 2:1-10
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Unity in the Gospel→A person values gospel unity across diverse backgrounds and respects the shared mission with other believers.→Galatians 2:1–2
→Steadfastness in Truth→They remain firm in defending the truth of the gospel, even when facing opposition or pressure to compromise.→Galatians 2:4–5
→Discernment in Fellowship→They grow in discernment about who to partner with in ministry, prioritizing faithfulness to gospel truth.→Galatians 2:3–5
→Recognition of God’s Work in Others→They learn to recognize and respect the grace God has given to others, avoiding comparison or rivalry.→Galatians 2:7–9
→Respect for Apostolic Authority→They show humility and respect toward spiritual leadership while maintaining personal accountability to God's calling.→Galatians 2:2, 6–9
→Commitment to the Poor→They reflect gospel compassion through intentional care for the poor and marginalized.→Galatians 2:10
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 2:1-10, we see Paul defending the message of salvation by grace alone, through faith alone. His meeting with the apostles in Jerusalem highlights the unity of the gospel message. The apostles, though having different backgrounds (Peter to the Jews and Paul to the Gentiles), all agreed that salvation is not dependent on observing the law or rituals like circumcision, but on the grace of God received through faith in Jesus Christ. The “right hand of fellowship” extended to Paul and Barnabas shows that they were all united in their mission to spread the gospel to different people groups, with a common goal of bringing people to Christ.
This passage helps us understand that the gospel is not about what we can do to earn God’s favor, but about what Christ has already done for us. The early church wrestled with the question of whether Gentile believers needed to become Jewish (by following the law) in order to be saved. But the consensus was clear: no. Salvation is a free gift that cannot be earned, and it’s available to all people—whether Jew or Gentile—through faith in Jesus.
What does this mean for us today? It reminds us that salvation is not a checklist of things to do, but a relationship with Jesus. We don’t have to strive to prove ourselves or try to meet certain standards to earn God’s love. Instead, we accept it freely by faith. Just like Paul and the apostles, we are called to share this message of grace with everyone, regardless of their background, and to remember that it’s not about works, but about faith. Grace changes everything, and when we grasp this truth, we can live in the freedom Christ offers us, knowing we are fully accepted by God, just as we are.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 2:1-10:
Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.
Romans 3:28 For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.
Acts 15:7-11 After much discussion, Peter got up and addressed them: “Brothers, you know that some time ago God made a choice among you that the Gentiles might hear from my lips the message of the gospel and believe. God, who knows the heart, showed that he accepted them by giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as he did to us. He did not discriminate between us and them, for he purified their hearts by faith. Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the neck of Gentiles a yoke that neither we nor our ancestors have been able to bear? No! We believe it is through the grace of our Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are.”
Philippians 3:7-9 But whatever were gains to me I now consider loss for the sake of Christ. What is more, I consider everything a loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them garbage, that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ—the righteousness that comes from God on the basis of faith.
Romans 4:4-5 Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift but as an obligation. However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness.
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
Why was it so important for Paul to meet with the apostles in Jerusalem?
How do you think the message of grace over works can be misunderstood today?
In what ways can we, as a church, continue to show unity around the gospel message?
What does it mean for us to “remember the poor” in the context of the gospel?
Session
4: Defending
the Gospel
- Galatians 2:11-21
Printable
Download
Focus:
Paul’s confrontation with Peter over hypocrisy
Purpose
Statement:
To challenge us to live consistently with the gospel
of grace,
not allowing cultural or social pressures to cause us to live in ways
that contradict the truth of God’s Word.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 2:11-21 (NIV)
11 When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. 12 For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group. 13 The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray.
14 When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of them all, “You are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. How is it, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?
15 “We who are Jews by birth and not sinful Gentiles 16 know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no one will be justified.
17 “But if, in seeking to be justified in Christ, we Jews find ourselves also among the sinners, doesn’t that mean that Christ promotes sin? Absolutely not! 18 If I rebuild what I destroyed, then I really would be a lawbreaker.
19 “For through the law I died to the law so that I might live for God. 20 I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. 21 I do not set aside the grace of God, for if righteousness could be gained through the law, Christ died for nothing!”
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 2:11-21, Paul recounts a crucial moment in the early church where he confronted the apostle Peter, a leader in the church, over his actions that contradicted the gospel of grace. Peter, who had previously embraced Gentile believers and shared table fellowship with them, withdrew from them when certain Jewish Christians arrived, fearing the judgment of others. Paul boldly stood up to Peter, calling out his hypocrisy and reminding him that righteousness comes through faith in Christ alone, not through observing the law. This passage highlights the importance of living consistently with the gospel, standing firm in the truth, and not yielding to social pressures or fear of man.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 2:11“When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned.”
Explanation: Paul begins by describing his confrontation with Peter (referred to as Cephas). This was a bold move because Peter was a prominent leader in the church. Paul says that Peter "stood condemned" because his actions were inconsistent with the gospel of grace. Peter was acting in a way that undermined the unity and freedom found in Christ.
Galatians 2:12“For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group.”
Explanation: Peter had initially been open to fellowship with the Gentiles, sharing meals with them as a sign of unity. However, when some Jewish believers arrived, Peter withdrew out of fear of their judgment. This fear led him to act contrary to the gospel message, which does not distinguish between Jews and Gentiles in Christ.
Galatians 2:13-14“The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray. When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of them all, ‘You are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. How is it, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?’”
Explanation: Paul expresses how Peter’s actions led others, including Barnabas, astray. This was more than just a personal failing—it was affecting the church as a whole. Paul confronted Peter publicly because his actions were not in line with the gospel of grace. Peter’s hypocrisy was causing division and confusion, and Paul couldn’t allow that to continue.
Paul’s rhetorical question highlights the inconsistency of Peter’s behavior: if Peter, a Jew, lived like a Gentile by eating with them, why should Gentiles be forced to follow Jewish customs to be accepted?
Galatians 2:15-16“We who are Jews by birth and not sinful Gentiles know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no one will be justified.”
Explanation: Paul reminds the Galatians (and Peter) that justification (being made right with God) comes only through faith in Christ, not by observing the law. This is a central message of the gospel. Paul emphasizes that the law cannot justify anyone; it is only through faith in Jesus that we are made right with God.
Galatians 2:17“But if, in seeking to be justified in Christ, we Jews find ourselves also among the sinners, doesn’t that mean that Christ promotes sin? Absolutely not!”
Explanation: Paul anticipates an objection. If salvation comes by faith, then does that mean Christ is promoting sin? Paul quickly answers “Absolutely not!” He explains that salvation through faith does not mean we can live however we want; rather, it means that we are freed from the law and made right with God through Christ’s righteousness.
Galatians 2:18-19“If I rebuild what I destroyed, then I really would be a lawbreaker. For through the law I died to the law so that I might live for God.”
Explanation: Paul is saying that if he returned to living under the law after being freed by Christ, it would be like rebuilding something he had already torn down. He died to the law through Christ in order to live for God. Paul’s point is that the law no longer has control over him; his new life is lived through faith in Christ.
Galatians 2:20“I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.”
Explanation: Paul speaks of his own identification with Christ’s death and resurrection. As a believer, Paul has been crucified with Christ—his old self is gone, and Christ now lives in him. This verse beautifully captures the essence of the Christian life: it is no longer about following rules but living by faith in Christ, who gave Himself for us.
Galatians 2:21“I do not set aside the grace of God, for if righteousness could be gained through the law, Christ died for nothing!”
Explanation: Paul concludes by emphasizing the central truth of the gospel: if righteousness could be achieved through the law, then Christ’s death would have been meaningless. But Christ did die, and His grace is the only way we are justified before God.
Reflection and Application
Paul’s confrontation with Peter serves as a stark reminder that our actions must align with the gospel message we profess. It is easy to fall into the trap of cultural conformity or fear of man, but we must never let those pressures lead us to compromise the truth of God’s Word. Paul challenges us to live consistently with the gospel of grace. It’s not about following laws or rituals—it’s about having a transformed life through faith in Christ.
Just as Paul called Peter to account, we must be willing to stand up for the gospel when we see others (or even ourselves) living in ways that contradict its truth. Living by grace means that we don’t allow fear of others’ opinions to dictate how we live, but rather, we live according to the freedom Christ offers us.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Two-Faced Customer
Mia worked at a small coffee shop and had a regular customer, Mr. Taylor. Every morning, he was kind and friendly, always tipping generously and chatting with the baristas. But one day, Mia saw him at a fancy restaurant treating the staff completely differently—snapping at the waiter, complaining about everything, and acting rude.
She was shocked. “How can he be so kind here but act like a totally different person somewhere else?”
In Galatians 2:11-21, Paul sees Peter doing something similar. Peter knew that salvation came by grace alone and had no problem eating with Gentile believers—until some strict Jewish Christians showed up. Then, Peter pulled away from the Gentiles, acting as if they weren’t good enough. Paul called him out, saying, “You’re not living in line with the gospel!”
Sometimes, we act one way around church friends and another way when we’re with people who don’t share our faith. But the gospel doesn’t change based on who’s watching. We are called to live in grace and truth at all times, not letting fear or pressure push us into hypocrisy.
Reflection Question: Are there times when you act differently depending on who you’re around? How can you live consistently in the freedom of God’s grace?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Paul Confronts Peter Over Hypocrisy
In
Galatians 2:11-14, Paul describes a confrontation with Peter, one of
the leading apostles. Peter had been eating with Gentiles, but when
certain people came from Jerusalem, he withdrew from them, fearing
the criticism of the Jewish Christians:
"When
Cephas (Peter) came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he
stood condemned. For before certain men came from James, he used to
eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back
and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those
who belonged to the circumcision group. The other Jews joined him in
his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led
astray."
(Galatians 2:11-13, NIV)
What’s surprising here is that Paul, who was a younger apostle and often in the position of learning from Peter, publicly rebukes him for being inconsistent with the gospel message. Peter was acting hypocritically by showing favor to certain people (Jews) and distancing himself from others (Gentiles), which contradicted the freedom in Christ that the gospel promotes. This shows us that no one, no matter how great their position, is above correction when they act against the truth of the gospel.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Defending the Gospel - Galatians 2:11-21
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Courage to Confront Hypocrisy→A person grows in the ability to lovingly confront fellow believers when their actions contradict the truth of the gospel.→Galatians 2:11–14
→Consistency in Conduct→They seek to live in a way that aligns with their gospel beliefs, avoiding behavior that causes confusion or division.→Galatians 2:13–14
→Clarity on Justification by Faith→They develop a firm grasp of salvation by faith in Christ alone, not by works or legalism.→Galatians 2:15–16
→Death to Self-Righteousness→They stop relying on self-effort or religious performance and rest in Christ’s righteousness.→Galatians 2:19–21
→Identity in Christ→They increasingly live from a place of identity rooted in being crucified with Christ and made alive in Him.→Galatians 2:20
→Valuing Grace Over Law→They grow in honoring the grace of God as central to salvation, refusing to nullify it by trying to earn God’s favor through the law.→Galatians 2:21
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 2:11-21, we witness Paul courageously confronting Peter for his hypocrisy in Antioch. Peter, once confident in eating with the Gentiles and embracing the truth of the gospel that salvation comes by grace through faith, suddenly began to pull away from the Gentile believers when certain Jewish believers came to town. His actions were inconsistent with the truth he had once boldly proclaimed. This behavior was not just a small slip-up but a serious contradiction of the gospel, which Paul rightly addressed.
What Peter did may seem like a small social mistake, but it was actually undermining the core message of the gospel: that salvation is by grace alone, through faith alone. The law no longer has the power to save, and to suggest that it does by avoiding Gentiles or imposing old customs would lead others astray. Paul’s challenge to Peter wasn't just a personal rebuke; it was a defense of the truth of the gospel, which is rooted in God’s grace and not human effort or tradition.
For us, this passage is a powerful reminder to live consistently with the gospel we profess. It’s easy to get caught up in cultural or social pressures, especially when we feel the need to fit in or gain approval from certain groups. But the gospel calls us to live differently. Just as Peter’s actions threatened to mislead others, we too must be careful not to let our behaviors—whether in private or public—contradict the grace of God we’ve received. The truth of the gospel, that we are justified by faith in Christ, should transform the way we live, act, and interact with others. We don’t need to try to please people or follow cultural norms that go against God’s Word. Instead, we are called to be faithful to the grace of God, remembering that our identity is rooted in Christ, not in the approval of others or in any law we might try to follow.
The life of freedom we have in Christ means we are free from the need to perform or conform to the expectations of those around us. This doesn’t mean we abandon all social norms or relationships; rather, it means we live with integrity, staying true to the gospel’s message of grace and love. Just as Paul lived “by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me” (Galatians 2:20), we too are called to live in the same grace, making sure that our lives reflect the truth of the gospel in all we do.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 2:11-21:
Romans 3:28 For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.
James 2:14-17 What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save them? Suppose a brother or a sister is without clothes and daily food. If one of you says to them, “Go in peace; keep warm and well fed,” but does nothing about their physical needs, what good is it? In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead.
Matthew 23:27-28 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean. In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.”
Romans 6:11-14 In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin but alive to God in Christ Jesus. Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its evil desires. Do not offer any part of yourself to sin as an instrument of wickedness, but rather offer yourselves to God, as those who have been brought from death to life; and offer every part of yourself to him as an instrument of righteousness. For sin shall no longer be your master, because you are not under the law, but under grace.
Titus 2:11-12 For the grace of God has appeared that offers salvation to all people. It teaches us to say “No” to ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled, upright and godly lives in this present age...
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
Why was Peter’s behavior considered hypocritical, and what does this teach us about how we should live according to the gospel?
+ Peter’s actions were hypocritical because he knew that salvation was for all people, Jew and Gentile alike, but when the "circumcision group" came, he withdrew from the Gentiles out of fear. His behavior contradicted the gospel of grace, which teaches that there is no division in Christ. Peter allowed social and cultural pressures to influence his actions, which is a reminder for us not to let external expectations or fears pull us away from the truth of the gospel.
What does Paul’s confrontation with Peter teach us about standing up for the truth of the gospel, even when it’s uncomfortable?
+ Paul’s bold confrontation with Peter teaches us that standing for the gospel requires courage and integrity, even when it’s difficult. Paul didn’t shy away from challenging Peter, even though Peter was an important leader in the early church. For us, this means that we need to be willing to speak out and stand firm in the truth of the gospel, especially when our actions or the actions of others contradict the message of grace and unity in Christ.
How do cultural or social pressures today cause us to compromise the gospel, and what can we do to resist that?
+ Just like Peter was influenced by the opinions of others, we can sometimes feel pressure from society, friends, or family to compromise what we believe. Whether it’s avoiding certain people, pretending to be someone we’re not, or choosing acceptance over truth, cultural pressures can make it hard to live out the gospel. To resist these pressures, we must focus on the truth of God’s Word, stay connected to our faith community, and continually remind ourselves of the freedom we have in Christ, which isn’t based on the approval of others.
Session
5: The
True Gospel vs. Legalism
- Galatians 3:1-14
Printable
Download
Focus:
The difference between salvation by works and salvation by
faith
Purpose
Statement:
To emphasize the grace
that is central to salvation and to remind us that faith
in Christ alone, not following the law, makes us righteous before
God.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 3:1-14 (NIV)
1 You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified. 2 I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard? 3 Are you so foolish? After beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh? 4 Have you experienced so much in vain—if it really was in vain? 5 So again I ask, does God give you his Spirit and work miracles among you by the works of the law, or by your believing what you heard? 6 So also Abraham “believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”
7 Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham. 8 Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.” 9 So those who rely on faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.
10 For all who rely on the works of the law are under a curse, as it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.” 11 Clearly no one who relies on the law is justified before God, because “the righteous will live by faith.” 12 The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, it says, “The person who does these things will live by them.” 13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.” 14 He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.
OVERVIEW:
In this passage, Paul confronts the Galatians for turning to legalism—believing that salvation could be earned by observing the law, instead of relying on faith in Christ. He reminds them of the powerful truth of the gospel: salvation is a gift from God, not something we can earn by following rules. Paul explains that the Holy Spirit comes to us by faith, not by works, and that Christ’s sacrifice on the cross is the only way to be justified before God. In these verses, Paul emphasizes the sufficiency of Christ’s work and challenges the Galatians to reject legalistic thinking in favor of living by faith.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 3:1“You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified.”
Explanation: Paul starts with a strong rebuke. The Galatians had clearly understood the message of salvation by faith, yet they were now being swayed by false teachers who promoted a works-based salvation. Paul calls them “foolish” for being so easily deceived, as if someone had cast a spell on them. He reminds them of the clear truth of the gospel: Christ was crucified for their salvation.
Galatians 3:2 “I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard?”
Explanation: Paul asks a simple but powerful question. He challenges the Galatians to remember how they received the Holy Spirit—was it by obeying the law, or was it by faith in what they had heard about Christ? The answer is obvious: the Holy Spirit was received by faith. This points to the truth that salvation and spiritual empowerment come through faith in Christ, not through law-keeping.
Galatians 3:3 “Are you so foolish? After beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh?”
Explanation: Paul continues to challenge the Galatians, questioning their reasoning. If they started their Christian life by the Spirit (through faith), why would they now try to complete it through human effort (works of the law)? This is a clear contradiction. The Christian life is sustained by faith, not by trying to earn God’s favor through our own efforts.
Galatians 3:4 “Have you experienced so much in vain—if it really was in vain?”
Explanation: Paul urges the Galatians to consider their past experiences with God. He asks if all the spiritual experiences they’ve had were meaningless if they are now turning to legalism. He’s encouraging them to see the contradiction between their past faith and their current focus on works.
Galatians 3:5 “So again I ask, does God give you his Spirit and work miracles among you by the works of the law, or by your believing what you heard?”
Explanation: Paul repeats his question to drive the point home. The miracles and gifts of the Spirit were not given because of the law, but because of faith. He wants the Galatians to recognize that God’s power in their lives is not connected to rule-keeping but to faith in the gospel.
Galatians 3:6-7 “So also Abraham ‘believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.’ Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham.”
Explanation: Paul takes the Galatians back to Abraham, who was justified by faith long before the law was given. Abraham’s righteousness came from believing God’s promises, not from obeying the law. Paul emphasizes that true children of Abraham are those who have faith, not those who try to earn God’s favor through the law.
Galatians 3:8-9 “Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: ‘All nations will be blessed through you.’ So those who rely on faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.”
Explanation: Paul points out that even in the Old Testament, God’s plan for salvation by faith was foretold. God told Abraham that through him, all nations would be blessed, which was a prophecy of the gospel reaching the Gentiles. Those who rely on faith, not the law, are the true recipients of God’s blessing, just like Abraham.
Galatians 3:10 “For all who rely on the works of the law are under a curse, as it is written: ‘Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.’”
Explanation: Paul makes a stark contrast between faith and works. Anyone who tries to live by the law and obey every command is under a curse because no one can perfectly keep the law. The law demands perfection, and failing to keep it means falling short of God’s standard. Therefore, salvation by works is impossible.
Galatians 3:11-12 “Clearly no one who relies on the law is justified before God, because ‘the righteous will live by faith.’ The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, it says, ‘The person who does these things will live by them.’”
Explanation: Paul quotes Scripture to emphasize that righteousness comes by faith, not by the law. The law says that those who keep it will live, but it doesn’t offer grace for failure. Righteousness through the law depends on perfect obedience, which is impossible, whereas righteousness through faith is a gift from God.
Galatians 3:13 “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: ‘Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.’”
Explanation: Christ has redeemed believers from the curse of the law by taking the curse upon Himself. Jesus’ death on the cross (where He was “hung on a pole”) was the ultimate sacrifice, taking on the punishment for sin that the law demanded. This is the heart of the gospel—Jesus bore the curse in our place.
Galatians 3:14 “He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.”
Explanation: Jesus’ sacrifice opened the door for Gentiles to receive the same blessing of righteousness and the Holy Spirit that Abraham received by faith. The promise is now available to all, regardless of nationality, through faith in Jesus Christ.
Reflection and Application
In this passage, Paul urges the Galatians to recognize the true source of salvation: faith in Jesus Christ. Salvation is not about following laws or earning God’s favor; it’s about accepting the grace God offers through Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross. Paul challenges us to live in the freedom that comes from grace, not to return to the slavery of trying to earn our way to God through works. Just as the Galatians were tempted to add works to their faith, we too can sometimes fall into the trap of thinking that our salvation is about how well we behave or how many good works we do. But the gospel reminds us that we are made righteous by faith in Christ alone.
As you reflect on this passage, consider how easy it is to fall into legalistic thinking—believing that our works determine our relationship with God. Instead, let us embrace the freedom that comes from understanding that we are justified by faith in Christ, and let this truth shape how we live each day.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Broken Ladder
Noah wanted to fix the lightbulb in his ceiling, so he grabbed an old wooden ladder from the garage. As he stepped onto the first rung, it wobbled. By the second rung, he heard a creak. By the third, the wood cracked, and he barely caught himself before falling. Frustrated, he realized the ladder was useless—it could never get him where he needed to go.
In Galatians 3:1-14, Paul is telling the Galatians that trying to be made right with God by following the law is like climbing a broken ladder. No matter how hard they tried, the law couldn’t save them. It was never meant to—it only showed them how impossible it was to be perfect on their own. The only thing that could hold them up was faith in Jesus.
Sometimes, we try to build our own “ladder” to God—doing good things to earn His approval, following rules so we feel worthy. But the truth is, Jesus has already done the work. We don’t have to climb a broken ladder. We just have to trust in Him.
Reflection Question: Are you ever tempted to measure your worth by what you do rather than by what Jesus has done? How can you rest in God’s grace today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Faith, Not Works, Justifies Us
In
Galatians 3:1-3, Paul strongly questions the Galatians for being so
quickly influenced by those who were teaching that they needed to
follow the law to be saved:
"You
foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus
Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified. I would like to learn just
one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the
law, or by believing what you heard? Are you so foolish? After
beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by
means of the flesh?"
(Galatians 3:1-3, NIV)
What’s surprising here is Paul’s blunt language toward the Galatians. He calls them "foolish" and says they have been "bewitched" by false teachings. Paul is shocked that they would abandon the message of salvation by faith alone in Jesus Christ, especially after having experienced the power of the Holy Spirit through faith. This confrontation reveals how easily we can slip into legalism, thinking that we need to “do” something to earn God’s favor, rather than trusting in the completed work of Christ on the cross.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The True Gospel vs. Legalism - Galatians 3:1-14
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Faith Over Legalism→A person learns to trust in the work of Christ rather than their ability to follow religious rules or earn salvation.→Galatians 3:2–3
→Spiritual Discernment→They grow in recognizing when they're being deceived into self-effort rather than remaining in the freedom of the Spirit.→Galatians 3:1–3
→Appreciation for the Spirit’s Work→They develop a deeper reliance on the Holy Spirit, acknowledging that miracles and transformation come by faith, not works.→Galatians 3:5
→Understanding Abrahamic Faith→They come to understand that true children of Abraham are those who live by faith, not by the law.→Galatians 3:6–9
→Rejection of Self-Reliance→They reject the pressure to prove themselves before God through performance, resting instead in Christ’s sufficiency.→Galatians 3:10–11
→Gratitude for Christ’s Redemption→They grow in awe and thankfuln
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 3:1-14, Paul emphasizes a powerful and life-changing truth: salvation cannot be earned by following rules, laws, or rituals. It is a gift of grace received through faith in Jesus Christ. The Galatians, having started their Christian journey by accepting the message of grace and trusting in Jesus for salvation, were now being tempted to return to legalism—the belief that following the Old Testament law or performing certain religious acts would somehow make them more righteous before God.
Paul’s frustration is evident as he challenges them, asking how they could so easily forget the message they first received. They didn’t receive the Holy Spirit by following the law, nor did they witness miracles by obeying the law; it was through faith in Christ that they experienced God’s power. Just as Abraham believed God and was credited with righteousness (Genesis 15:6), so too are we justified by faith, not by the works of the law.
The central message of this passage is that faith in Christ is the only way to be made right with God. If we rely on the law or any kind of human effort to make us righteous, we are cursed, because no one can perfectly obey the law. Christ, however, took on the curse of the law for us by dying on the cross. Through His death, we are freed from the power of the law and able to receive the blessing of Abraham—righteousness by faith.
For us today, this passage serves as a reminder that we don’t need to earn God’s love or strive to live up to certain standards to gain salvation. It is through faith in Christ alone that we are justified, made righteous, and receive the Holy Spirit. The temptation to rely on works—whether it’s following rules, living up to certain expectations, or trying to be “good enough”—is something we must continually guard against. Instead, we are called to trust in the grace of God and the finished work of Jesus Christ.
Salvation isn’t about what we can do for God, but about what God has done for us. As we rest in this truth, we are empowered to live in the freedom and peace that comes from knowing that our righteousness is secure in Christ, not in our own efforts.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 3:1-14:
Romans 3:20-24 Therefore no one will be declared righteous in God’s sight by the works of the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of our sin. But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been made known, to which the Law and the Prophets testify. This righteousness is given through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no difference between Jew and Gentile, for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and all are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus.
Romans 5:1-2 Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have gained access by faith into this grace in which we now stand. And we boast in the hope of the glory of God.
Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.
Philippians 3:9 And be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ—the righteousness that comes from God on the basis of faith.
Titus 3:5 He saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
Why does Paul call the Galatians "foolish" for turning to the law after starting with faith?
+ Paul uses strong words to show how shocked he is at the Galatians’ actions. They began their relationship with Christ by trusting in the gospel message and receiving the Holy Spirit by faith, yet they were now trying to live according to the law, as if their salvation depended on their works. For Paul, this is foolish because it goes against the core of the gospel—that salvation is a gift from God, not something we can earn by obeying the law. It’s a reminder for us to stay focused on God’s grace rather than reverting to old patterns of thinking that depend on our own effort.
What is the difference between salvation by works and salvation by faith?
+ Salvation by works teaches that we can earn God’s favor by following rules, laws, or rituals. It makes our standing before God depend on what we do. Salvation by faith, however, teaches that we are justified—declared righteous—before God because we believe in Jesus Christ, not because of our ability to keep the law. The work of salvation is completed by Jesus on the cross, and all we need to do is trust in Him. This distinction is important because it reminds us that we are saved by grace alone, through faith alone.
How does understanding that salvation is by faith and not by works change the way we live as Christians?
+ When we understand that our salvation isn’t about earning God’s approval but about trusting in Jesus’ finished work on the cross, it brings freedom. We no longer live in fear of failing to keep the law or wondering if we’ve done enough to please God. Instead, we live with the confidence that God loves us unconditionally, and we respond to His grace with gratitude and obedience. This freedom also frees us from judgment and comparison to others, as our worth comes from Christ, not from how well we perform.
Session
6: The
Promise of the Spirit
- Galatians 3:15-29
Printable
Download
Focus:
The relationship between the law and the promise of Christ
Purpose
Statement:
To explore the promise
of the Holy Spirit
given to believers by faith, and to affirm that we are children
of God
through faith in Christ, not by following rules or rituals.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 3:15-29 (NIV)
15 Brothers and sisters, let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case. 16 The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. Scripture does not say “and to seeds,” meaning many people, but “and to your seed,” meaning one person, who is Christ. 17 What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise. 18 For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on the promise; but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise.
19 Why, then, was the law given at all? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was given through angels and entrusted to a mediator. 20 A mediator, however, implies more than one party; but God is one.
21 Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law. 22 But Scripture has locked up everything under the control of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.
23 Before the coming of this faith, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until the faith that was to come would be revealed. 24 So the law was our guardian until Christ came that we might be justified by faith. 25 Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.
26 So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.
OVERVIEW:
In this passage, Paul makes a clear distinction between the law and God’s promise to Abraham, explaining that the promise of salvation through Christ was made before the law and remains unchangeable. He points out that the law was never intended to save, but to guide people until Christ came. The promise of the Spirit—received through faith in Jesus—is now available to all who believe. This passage underscores that Christians are children of God by faith, not by adherence to the law or rituals, and that the law serves as a tutor leading us to Christ, who fulfills the promise to Abraham.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 3:15 “Brothers and sisters, let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case.”
Explanation: Paul begins by explaining the unchangeable nature of covenants (or agreements). Once a covenant is made, it cannot be altered, and he is drawing this comparison to God’s promise to Abraham, which cannot be changed by the law. This sets the stage for showing that the promise made to Abraham is more important and enduring than the law.
Galatians 3:16 “The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. Scripture does not say ‘and to seeds,’ meaning many people, but ‘and to your seed,’ meaning one person, who is Christ.”
Explanation: Paul clarifies that God’s promise to Abraham was not meant to refer to many descendants, but to one specific descendant—Jesus Christ. This is important because it shows that the promise of salvation was always pointing to Christ, and the law did not change or replace this promise.
Galatians 3:17 “What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise.”
Explanation: Paul emphasizes that the law, which came much later after God’s promise to Abraham, does not invalidate or replace the promise. The covenant with Abraham stands firm, and the law was never meant to nullify it, but to prepare the way for Christ.
Galatians 3:18 “For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on the promise; but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise.”
Explanation: Paul explains that if salvation depended on the law, it would no longer be a promise. The inheritance (eternal life) is based on God’s grace and the promise He made to Abraham, not on the law. Salvation is a gift, not something we earn by following rules.
Galatians 3:19 “Why, then, was the law given at all? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was given through angels and entrusted to a mediator.”
Explanation: Paul answers a potential question—why was the law given if it doesn’t provide salvation? The law was given because of human sin, to show people their need for a Savior. It was a temporary measure, meant to guide people until Christ (the Seed) came to fulfill the promise. The law, then, serves as a tutor to point us to Christ.
Galatians 3:20 “A mediator, however, implies more than one party; but God is one.”
Explanation: Paul acknowledges that the law was given through a mediator (Moses), but the promise made to Abraham came directly from God. This highlights the difference between the law (which involved a mediator) and the promise (which is directly from God). God’s promise does not need a mediator, because God Himself is the giver of the promise.
Galatians 3:21 “Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law.”
Explanation: Paul clarifies that the law is not opposed to God’s promises. The law’s purpose is not to give life, but to reveal sin. If the law could provide life, it would be the means of righteousness, but it cannot. Righteousness only comes through faith in Christ, not through keeping the law.
Galatians 3:22 “But Scripture has locked up everything under the control of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.”
Explanation: Paul explains that the law exposes sin and shows humanity’s need for a Savior. The promise is given through faith in Jesus Christ, and this promise is available to everyone who believes. The law highlights the need for grace, and Christ’s work on the cross fulfills the promise made to Abraham.
Galatians 3:23-24 “Before this faith came, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until the faith that was to come would be revealed. So the law was our guardian until Christ came that we might be justified by faith.”
Explanation: Paul compares the law to a guardian or tutor. Before Christ came, the law guided and protected people, but it was not the means of salvation. The law pointed to the need for Christ, and when Christ came, faith in Him became the means of justification (being made right with God).
Galatians 3:25-27 “Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian. So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.”
Explanation: Now that Christ has come, believers are no longer under the law (the guardian). Through faith in Christ, we become children of God. Baptism symbolizes this faith and represents the believer’s union with Christ, as they are “clothed with Christ,” meaning they are identified with Him.
Galatians 3:28-29“There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.”
Explanation: In Christ, all divisions are removed. Whether a person is Jewish or Gentile, free or slave, male or female, all are one in Christ. All believers, regardless of their background, share in the inheritance promised to Abraham and are heirs to the promise. The unity that believers have in Christ transcends all earthly distinctions.
Reflection and Application
In this passage, Paul emphasizes that salvation comes through faith in Christ, not by keeping the law or adhering to rituals. The law was given to show us our need for a Savior, but it is Christ who fulfills the promise made to Abraham. Through faith in Jesus, believers are made children of God, united in Him, and heirs to the promise of eternal life. We are not saved by our efforts, but by God’s grace through faith.
As we reflect on these truths, let’s remember that our identity as children of God is not determined by our ability to follow rules or rituals, but by our faith in Jesus Christ. This truth should bring us both peace and joy, knowing that we are secure in Christ, and that the promise of the Spirit is given to all who believe.
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
What does it mean that the law was a "guardian" or "tutor" until Christ came?
How can we remind ourselves that salvation is a gift through faith, not something we can earn by following rules?
What do you think it means to be "clothed with Christ"? How does that change the way we live?
How can the unity we have in Christ encourage us to break down barriers and divisions in the church today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: The Law is a Temporary Guide, but the Promise of the Spirit is Permanent
In
Galatians 3:23-25, Paul explains the role of the law in relation to
the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ:
"Before
this faith came, we were held in custody under the law, locked up
until the faith that was to come would be revealed. So the law was
our guardian until Christ came that we might be justified by faith.
Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian."
(Galatians 3:23-25, NIV)
What might surprise us here is that Paul describes the law as a "guardian" or "custodian" that was meant to guide people until Christ came. The law wasn’t the ultimate goal—it was preparing people for the coming of Jesus. The law helped reveal sin and pointed to the need for a Savior. But now that faith in Jesus Christ has been revealed, the law no longer holds the same power over us. Instead, we are justified by faith in Christ and are given the Holy Spirit, who empowers us to live according to God's will, not by trying to keep a list of rules.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The Promise of the Spirit - Galatians 3:15-29
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Confidence in God's Promises→A person grows in trust that God's promises are secure and fulfilled in Christ, not invalidated by the law.→Galatians 3:17–18
→Clarity on the Law’s Purpose→They understand that the law was given to reveal sin and prepare the way for Christ—not as a means of righteousness.→Galatians 3:19–24
→Faith as the Key to Inheritance→They realize that becoming heirs of God's promises comes through faith in Jesus, not through heritage or rule-keeping.→Galatians 3:18, 22
→Union with Christ→They grow in their identity as being "in Christ," fully united with Him through faith.→Galatians 3:26–27
→Spiritual Equality in Christ→They embrace the truth that in Christ, all believers—regardless of ethnicity, status, or gender—are one.→Galatians 3:28
→Heirship Through Faith→They understand they are spiritual
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 3:15-29, Paul explains the significance of the law and the promise given to Abraham, showing how faith in Christ, not adherence to the law, is what makes us children of God. He points out that the law was never meant to save; it was a temporary guardian to guide God's people until Christ came. The law could not bring life or righteousness—it only highlighted humanity's inability to live up to God's perfect standard, thus pointing to our need for a Savior.
The promise God made to Abraham—that all nations would be blessed through his "seed" (Christ)—remains the central hope for all believers. The law served its purpose by showing us our sin, but Christ’s coming fulfilled God’s promise to Abraham and opened the way for all people, both Jew and Gentile, to be justified by faith. This is why, through Christ, we are no longer bound by the law as a way to gain righteousness. Instead, we are made right with God by faith, and this faith unites us with Christ, making us "children of God."
Moreover, Paul emphasizes that our identity in Christ transcends any earthly distinctions. In Christ, there is no division between Jew and Gentile, male and female, or slave and free; all believers are one. Through baptism into Christ, we have "clothed ourselves with Christ" and are fully united with Him, receiving the promise of the Holy Spirit. This indwelling Spirit is the proof that we are God's children and heirs of His promises.
As we reflect on this passage, we are reminded that our standing before God is not based on our performance, adherence to rules, or rituals. It is by God's grace alone, received through faith in Jesus Christ, that we are made righteous. This is the foundation of our relationship with God, and it is through this faith that we receive the Holy Spirit, who empowers us to live in accordance with God’s will.
We are no longer under the law as a guardian, but have been set free to live as sons and daughters of God. This freedom doesn’t mean we abandon God’s guidance; rather, it means we live empowered by the Spirit, who helps us live in a way that honors God and reflects His grace. The law pointed to Christ, but now that Christ has come, we live by the power of the Holy Spirit, trusting in His promise and grace.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 3:15-29:
Romans 8:14-17 For those who are led by the Spirit of God are the children of God. The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, “Abba, Father.” The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s children. Now if we are children, then we are heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory.
John 14:16-17 And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another advocate to help you and be with you forever—the Spirit of truth. The world cannot accept him, because it neither sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you.
Romans 6:14 For sin shall no longer be your master, because you are not under the law, but under grace.
Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.
Titus 3:5-6 He saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit, whom he poured out on us generously through Jesus Christ our Savior.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does Paul mean when he says the law was a "guardian" or "custodian" until Christ came?
+ The law, in the Old Testament, served as a guide for the people of Israel, teaching them what was right and wrong, and pointing out their need for salvation. It also prepared them for the coming of Jesus by showing that no one could perfectly obey the law and that everyone needed a Savior. The law was never meant to save; it was meant to show us our need for grace. Once Christ came, we no longer need the law as our guide to salvation, because salvation is now available through faith in Him.
In Galatians 3:26, Paul says, "So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith." What does it mean for us to be children of God through faith in Christ?
+ Being "children of God" means that we are adopted into God’s family, no longer separated from Him by sin. We are now heirs to the promises of God and have a personal relationship with Him. This identity doesn’t depend on following the law or religious rituals; it depends on placing our faith in Jesus Christ and accepting His sacrifice for our sins. Through faith, we gain the privileges and security of being God's children, which is far greater than any external rule-keeping or traditions.
Why is it significant that we are given the Holy Spirit when we place our faith in Christ? How does the Holy Spirit help us live as children of God?
+ The Holy Spirit is a gift that empowers us to live in obedience to God and experience His presence daily. The Spirit helps us grow in our faith, guides us in truth, and gives us the strength to live according to God’s will, not through our own efforts. Having the Holy Spirit means that we don’t have to rely on the law to guide us anymore; instead, we can live out the freedom and love that Christ has given us. The Spirit is our helper and our constant companion, enabling us to reflect God’s character in our lives.
Session
7: Sons
and Heirs
- Galatians 4:1-7
Printable
Download
Focus:
Our new identity as children of God
Purpose
Statement:
To recognize that in Christ, we are no longer slaves to the law but
sons
and daughters of God,
with the rights and privileges of being heirs to His promises.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:1-7 (NIV)
1 What I am saying is that as long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. 2 The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. 3 So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery under the elemental spiritual forces of the world. 4 But when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those under the law, that we might receive adoption to sonship. 6 Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, “Abba, Father.” 7 So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 4:1-7, Paul explains how believers in Christ have transitioned from being under the law to becoming adopted children of God. Before Christ, people were like children under a guardian, bound by the law. But through Jesus, God has adopted us as His sons and daughters, giving us the full rights of heirs to His promises. The Holy Spirit, sent by God, affirms this new identity and brings about the relationship with God, allowing us to call Him “Abba, Father.” This passage speaks of our freedom in Christ and the privilege of being part of God's family.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 4:1 “What I am saying is that as long as an heir is under age, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate.”
Explanation: Paul compares the state of a child heir to that of a slave. Although the child is the rightful heir to an inheritance, as long as they are a minor, they do not have access to the inheritance or the full rights of an adult. This metaphor highlights the limitations of being under the law before Christ, as it kept people from fully receiving the inheritance promised to them.
Galatians 4:2 “The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father.”
Explanation: Just as a child heir is under the care of guardians and trustees until they come of age, people were under the law until the coming of Christ, when the time was right for God to reveal the fullness of His promise. The law served as a guardian, but it was always temporary, pointing forward to the time when Christ would come and make us fully part of God’s family.
Galatians 4:3 “So also, when we were under age, we were in slavery under the elemental spiritual forces of the world.”
Explanation: Before Christ, people were enslaved to the law and the “elemental spiritual forces” of the world, which could refer to religious rituals, human traditions, or the law itself. These forces were insufficient to bring salvation, but they pointed to the need for a Savior. The law revealed the problem, but not the solution.
Galatians 4:4-5 “But when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those under the law, that we might receive adoption to sonship.”
Explanation: At the right time, God sent His Son, Jesus, born of a woman (Mary), and born under the law, to redeem us. Jesus fulfilled the law on our behalf, and through His life, death, and resurrection, He provided the way for us to be adopted into God’s family. Jesus did what the law could never do—He made us sons and daughters of God, giving us the full rights of heirs.
Galatians 4:6 “Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, ‘Abba, Father.’”
Explanation: As adopted children of God, believers receive the Holy Spirit, who dwells in their hearts. The Spirit affirms our new identity as God’s children and enables us to call God “Abba, Father.” This term “Abba” is a deeply personal and affectionate way of referring to God, signifying a close, intimate relationship.
Galatians 4:7 “So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.”
Explanation: Paul concludes this section by reminding believers that they are no longer slaves (to the law or sin), but are now children of God. Because we are God’s children, we are also heirs to His promises. We share in the inheritance of eternal life, a relationship with God, and all the blessings that come from being His beloved children.
Reflection and Application
This passage reminds us of our profound new identity in Christ. Before we came to faith in Jesus, we were like children under a guardian, bound by the law and unable to fully experience the blessings God had for us. But through Jesus, we have been adopted into God’s family and are now His sons and daughters. The Holy Spirit within us assures us of this new identity and empowers us to live as God’s children. We are no longer slaves to the law or sin; instead, we are heirs to the promise of eternal life and all the blessings of being in God’s family.
As we reflect on this truth, let it encourage us to live with a renewed sense of freedom and joy. We are beloved children of God, and He has given us His Spirit to help us walk in the fullness of our new identity. We no longer have to earn God’s favor or live in fear, because we have been fully adopted into His family. Let us embrace this identity, living confidently as sons and daughters of the King.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Forgotten Inheritance
Lucas had always lived paycheck to paycheck, struggling to make ends meet. One day, he received a letter from a lawyer—his grandfather had left him a massive inheritance. At first, Lucas didn’t believe it. “That can’t be for me,” he thought. So, he kept living the same way, scraping by, never claiming what was his.
Months later, the lawyer called him again. “Lucas, the money is yours. It’s been yours all along. You just have to accept it.”
In Galatians 4:1-7, Paul reminds us that, before Christ, we were like slaves—bound by rules, living as if we had nothing. But when Jesus came, He made us sons and daughters of God. We’re not just servants trying to obey—we’re heirs to His promises! Yet, like Lucas, we sometimes live as if we’re still spiritually poor, forgetting that we’ve been given full access to God’s love, grace, and power.
God has adopted us as His children. We don’t have to prove ourselves. We don’t have to live in fear. We simply need to accept the inheritance that has already been given.
Reflection Question: Are you living in the fullness of your identity as God’s child, or do you still feel like you have to "earn" His love? How can you embrace your place as His beloved heir today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: From Slaves to Sons and Daughters
In
Galatians 4:4-7, Paul shares the powerful transformation that happens
when we become believers in Christ:
"But
when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman,
born under the law, to redeem those under the law, that we might
receive adoption to sonship. Because you are his sons, God sent the
Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, 'Abba,
Father.' So you are no longer a slave, but God's child; and since you
are his child, God has made you also an heir."
(Galatians 4:4-7, NIV)
What may surprise us here is the comparison Paul makes between being "slaves" to the law and becoming "sons and daughters" of God. Before Christ, people were bound by the law and had to follow its rules to earn favor. But through Jesus' sacrifice, God adopted us as His children, giving us a new identity—not as slaves to rules, but as His heirs, with the same privileges as His Son. This adoption into God's family comes with the incredible gift of the Holy Spirit, who helps us call out to God as our loving "Abba, Father." It’s a reminder that our new identity in Christ brings freedom and a deep, personal relationship with God.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Sons and Heirs - Galatians 4:1-7
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Maturity in Identity→A person matures in understanding their full status as a son or daughter of God, no longer living as a spiritual child or slave.→Galatians 4:1–2
→Freedom from Spiritual Slavery→They begin to live free from the bondage of legalism, fear, or performance-based acceptance.→Galatians 4:3
→Gratitude for Christ’s Redemption→They grow in appreciation for Jesus, who came at the perfect time to redeem and adopt them into God’s family.→Galatians 4:4–5
→Awareness of Divine Adoption→They live with the security and joy of being chosen and adopted as God’s own children.→Galatians 4:5
→Intimacy with the Father→They develop a personal, heartfelt relationship with God, calling Him “Abba, Father” through the Spirit.→Galatians 4:6
→Confidence as an Heir→They walk with confidence, knowing they are heirs of God and have full access to His promises through Christ.→Galatians 4:7
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 4:1-7, Paul gives us a beautiful picture of our transformation from being slaves to the law into becoming children and heirs of God. Before Christ, we were like underage heirs who had not yet received the full benefits of our inheritance. We were under the “guardians” and “trustees” of the law, bound by rules and regulations, never able to fully experience the freedom or relationship that God intended for us. But in God’s perfect timing, He sent His Son, Jesus Christ, to redeem us from the law and adopt us as His sons and daughters.
Through Jesus, we are no longer slaves to the law or to sin. Instead, we are children of God, with a new identity and a new relationship with the Father. This adoption is not based on anything we’ve done, but entirely on God’s love and grace. The amazing thing is that as God’s children, we are also His heirs. We are part of His family, with all the rights, privileges, and promises that come with being His children. This includes the Holy Spirit, who resides in us, affirming our identity as God's sons and daughters and empowering us to live as He calls us to.
The term “Abba, Father” is especially powerful. It is an intimate term that speaks of the closeness and personal nature of our relationship with God. It’s not just about being children of God in some distant or formal way; it’s about having a deep, personal connection with our Heavenly Father. We can approach Him with the same trust and confidence that a child has with their earthly father. He is not distant or cold, but loving and approachable, ready to hear our hearts and help us in every situation.
This new identity as children of God is not only about relationship but also about inheritance. As heirs, we have the promise of eternal life, the presence of the Holy Spirit, and all the blessings that come from being part of God’s family. Our future is secure, and we are fully embraced by God as His beloved children.
So, as we reflect on this truth, we are reminded of the incredible privilege we have in Christ. We are no longer slaves to rules, to sin, or to the fear of punishment. We are free in Christ, and we have a relationship with God that is full of love, grace, and intimacy. We are His children, and He is our Father—our loving, caring, and faithful Father who promises to never leave us and to give us everything we need to live according to His will.
Let this truth sink in deeply: In Christ, you are a beloved child of God. This new identity shapes everything about how you live and how you relate to God and to others. It gives you confidence, peace, and assurance that you are accepted, loved, and never abandoned by your Father.
CROSS-REFERENCE: Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 4:1-7:
Romans 8:15-17 The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, “Abba, Father.” The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s children. Now if we are children, then we are heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory.
Ephesians 1:5-6 He predestined us for adoption to sonship through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will—to the praise of his glorious grace, which he has freely given us in the One he loves.
John 1:12 Yet to all who did receive him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God.
Titus 3:7 So that, having been justified by his grace, we might become heirs having the hope of eternal life.
1 John 3:1 See what great love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are! The reason the world does not know us is that it did not know him.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean for us to go from being "slaves" to the law to being "sons and daughters" of God?
+ Before Christ, people were bound by the law—trying to earn favor with God through their actions, which was impossible because no one could perfectly obey all the laws. As "slaves," they were under the constant burden of trying to follow the law without the assurance of being accepted by God. But through Jesus, we are adopted into God's family, no longer needing to work for God’s approval. Instead, we are His beloved children, fully accepted and loved. This new identity gives us freedom from legalism and guilt, and we can live confidently as God's heirs, trusting in His grace.
What is the significance of the Holy Spirit being sent into our hearts, calling us to cry out "Abba, Father"?
+ The presence of the Holy Spirit in our hearts is a profound gift. The Spirit helps us understand our new identity as God’s children, guiding us in our relationship with Him. "Abba" is an intimate term for "Father," similar to saying "Daddy" or "Papa." It shows that our relationship with God is personal, loving, and not distant or formal. The Holy Spirit brings us close to God, assuring us that we belong to Him, and empowers us to live as His children, living in the freedom of His love and grace.
What are the rights and privileges that come with being an heir of God? How does this change how we live?
+ Being an heir of God means that we share in the blessings and promises that come through Christ. Just as a child inherits everything their father has, we, as God’s children, inherit the promises of eternal life, the riches of God's grace, and the presence of the Holy Spirit in our lives. This changes how we live because we don’t need to worry about earning God’s favor or striving to prove ourselves. Instead, we live in the freedom of knowing we are loved and accepted, and we can walk confidently in the assurance that we are heirs to God's eternal kingdom.
Session
8: The
Danger of Turning Back
- Galatians 4:8-20
Printable
Download
Focus:
Paul’s concern for the Galatians’ return to legalism
Purpose
Statement:
To warn against turning back to old, enslaving patterns of behavior
and to encourage us to live
in the freedom
that Christ offers, fully trusting in His grace.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:8-20 (NIV)
Paul’s Concern for the Galatians
8 Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods. 9 But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again? 10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years! 11 I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.
12 I plead with you, brothers and sisters, become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong. 13 As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you, 14 and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. 15 Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?
17 Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them. 18 It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you. 19 My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you, 20 how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 4:8-20, Paul expresses deep concern for the Galatians, who were beginning to turn away from the freedom they had received in Christ and return to the bondage of legalism. Paul reminds them of their past ignorance and enslavement to false beliefs, then urges them not to go back to those empty rituals and rules. He appeals to them based on their previous close relationship, encouraging them to embrace the freedom of the gospel and not let anyone deceive them into believing that they must add works to their salvation. Through this passage, Paul emphasizes the importance of remaining grounded in the gospel of grace, trusting fully in Christ and not in human effort or religious practices.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 4:8 “Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods.”
Explanation: Paul begins by reminding the Galatians of their former life when they did not know God. They were enslaved to idols and false gods, which were powerless to save them. This serves as a contrast to the freedom they now have in Christ. Paul is urging them not to go back to the emptiness of idolatry and legalism after having tasted the grace of God.
Galatians 4:9 “But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again?”
Explanation: Paul is astounded that the Galatians would want to turn back to their former, enslaving ways. Now that they have been brought into a relationship with the true God, why would they choose to return to the "weak and miserable forces" (the law, ritualistic practices, and false beliefs)? Paul emphasizes that they are not only knowing God, but are known by God, underscoring the personal relationship they now have with Him. The Galatians are being warned not to return to their past enslavement to rules and traditions.
Galatians 4:10-11 “You are observing special days and months and seasons and years! I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.”
Explanation: Paul points out that the Galatians have begun observing specific religious days and seasons, such as festivals, months, and years, which were part of the Jewish law. This indicates they are turning back to legalistic practices, which Paul sees as a sign of regression. Paul is worried that all his efforts to bring them to a full understanding of God’s grace may have been in vain if they return to these old, empty rituals.
Galatians 4:12 “I plead with you, brothers and sisters, become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong.”
Explanation: Paul pleads with the Galatians to follow his example. He had lived among them in a way that showed freedom from the law, and they had accepted him without judgment. Now, Paul encourages them to return to that same freedom they once shared and not let their lives be burdened again by legalism.
Galatians 4:13-15 “As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you. And even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. What has happened to all your joy? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.”
Explanation: Paul reflects on the Galatians’ initial warm reception of him, despite his illness. They accepted him as a messenger of Christ, and their joy was evident. He asks them, “What has happened to that joy?” This rhetorical question underscores how far they have fallen from their original enthusiasm for the gospel of grace. Paul’s question is meant to provoke them into considering the reasons for their spiritual decline.
Galatians 4:16 “Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?”
Explanation: Paul’s frank rebuke and correction have made him seem like an enemy to the Galatians, but he is reminding them that he is only speaking the truth. He is not their enemy; in fact, he is their true friend because he is guiding them back to the freedom of the gospel. His concern is for their spiritual well-being, not for his own reputation.
Galatians 4:17-18 “Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them. It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you.”
Explanation: Paul warns the Galatians about the influence of false teachers who are seeking to manipulate their zeal. These false teachers want to separate the Galatians from Paul and make them dependent on their teachings. While zeal is not wrong, it must be directed toward the truth of the gospel, not toward man-made rules or teachings that lead people away from grace.
Galatians 4:19-20 “My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you, how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you.”
Explanation: Paul uses the image of childbirth to express the intensity of his concern for the Galatians. He wants Christ to be fully formed in them, meaning he wants them to mature in their faith and not be swayed by false teachings. Paul’s tone here is one of deep love and frustration—he longs to see the Galatians grow in their understanding of the gospel and return to the freedom they first embraced.
Reflection and Application
This passage challenges us to examine our own hearts and consider whether we, like the Galatians, have ever been tempted to return to old, enslaving patterns of behavior or legalism. It is easy to fall into the trap of thinking we must do something to earn God's favor, but the gospel reminds us that salvation is by grace alone, through faith in Christ. We must guard against the influence of anyone or anything that leads us away from the freedom and joy that we have in Jesus.
Let this passage remind us to stay rooted in the gospel, living out the freedom we have in Christ and trusting fully in His grace. Just as Paul longed for the Galatians to grow and mature in their faith, God desires the same for us. We are called to live in the freedom of the gospel, fully trusting in Christ and not allowing legalism or false teachings to pull us away from His love.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Unlocked Prison Cell
Ben had been in prison for years, counting down the days until his release. Finally, the day came. The guard unlocked the door and said, “You’re free to go.” Overwhelmed, Ben stepped out into the fresh air, amazed at his new freedom.
But a few days later, something strange happened. Life outside felt unfamiliar—too uncertain, too different. He missed the routine of prison, where everything was predictable. So one night, he went back. He walked right up to his old cell, sat down inside, and closed the door behind him.
The problem? The door wasn’t locked. It never would be again. But Ben was living as if he were still a prisoner.
In Galatians 4:8-20, Paul is heartbroken because the Galatians, who had been set free by Christ, were going back to their old ways—following rules and rituals as if they could earn God’s love. Paul reminds them that returning to legalism is like stepping back into a prison cell that Christ already unlocked.
Sometimes, we do the same thing. We forget that Jesus has already set us free, and we slip back into old habits of fear, guilt, or trying to “earn” God’s approval. But the door is open! We don’t have to live in slavery anymore—we are free in Christ.
Reflection Question: Are there areas in your life where you’re living as if you’re still a prisoner, even though Christ has set you free? How can you step fully into His grace today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Paul’s Deep Concern for the Galatians’ Spiritual Condition
In
Galatians 4:8-11, Paul expresses his deep concern for the Galatians,
who were turning back to the legalistic practices they had left
behind. He says:
"Formerly,
when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are
not gods. But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how
is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces?
Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again?"
(Galatians 4:8-9, NIV)
What may surprise us here is the emotional intensity Paul shows in his letter. He doesn’t just argue from a theological standpoint but expresses deep personal sorrow and frustration. Paul likens their return to legalism to a form of slavery, even though they had been freed in Christ. He reminds them that their new identity in Christ should lead to freedom, not a return to the rules and rituals that once kept them in bondage. This shows how strongly Paul felt about the Galatians' spiritual health and his passionate desire for them to continue walking in the freedom of Christ.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The Danger of Turning Back - Galatians 4:8-20
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Discernment Against Regression→A person becomes alert to the temptation to return to former ways—legalism, idolatry, or spiritual immaturity.→Galatians 4:8–9
→Perseverance in Grace→They commit to remain rooted in God’s grace, resisting systems or teachings that pull them away from gospel freedom.→Galatians 4:9–10
→Sensitivity to Spiritual Influence→They grow in recognizing who is influencing their faith walk—whether people are leading them toward or away from Christ.→Galatians 4:17
→Openness to Correction→They cultivate humility and a teachable spirit, receiving correction from spiritual mentors without defensiveness.→Galatians 4:16
→Mutual Care in Fellowship→They value and preserve authentic relationships in the church, marked by genuine love and concern for one another’s spiritual well-being.→Galatians 4:12–15
→Desire for Christ to Be Formed in Them→They develop a deep longi
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 4:8-20, Paul expresses deep concern for the Galatians who are returning to old patterns of behavior—specifically, their reliance on legalistic practices and rituals that enslave them. Paul is baffled and saddened that they are choosing to turn back to the "weak and miserable forces" of the world when they have already been set free in Christ. The Galatians had once embraced the gospel with joy, recognizing the freedom that Christ had brought them, but now they were allowing false teachers to turn them back to the burden of the law.
Paul’s plea is both personal and passionate. He reminds the Galatians of the relationship they had when he first preached the gospel to them. He recalls how they welcomed him as an angel of God, even during his time of illness. But now, as they are tempted to return to legalism, Paul feels as though his efforts in bringing them to the truth of the gospel are being wasted. He is perplexed by their actions and deeply concerned that they are losing the very freedom Christ won for them.
Legalism, as Paul warns, doesn’t lead to righteousness or peace; it leads to slavery. When we turn back to trying to earn God's favor through rituals, rules, and human effort, we lose the grace-filled freedom that Christ offers. Salvation was never about our ability to follow the law perfectly; it was about God’s grace and the sacrifice of Jesus. Turning back to the law, or any pattern that says we must earn God’s love, puts us back under bondage and negates the freedom Christ offers.
Paul also expresses his deep love and concern for the Galatians by calling them his “dear children.” He compares his struggle for their spiritual growth to the pains of childbirth, which shows how deeply invested he is in their spiritual well-being. He wants them to fully experience Christ in their lives and for Christ to be “formed” in them, meaning that they would grow into maturity and reflect His character.
As we reflect on this passage, we are reminded that living in the freedom of Christ requires us to trust fully in His grace and not rely on our own efforts or any external rules. The temptation to turn back to legalism is real, and it’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking that we need to earn God’s favor. But Paul’s message is clear: We are free in Christ! We are not to return to the old patterns of behavior that once enslaved us. Instead, we are to live in the freedom Christ offers, fully trusting in His grace to sustain us and transform us into His likeness.
When we fully understand the freedom that comes through Christ, we are able to live lives that reflect His love and grace, free from the burden of trying to earn God’s approval. Let us remember, as Paul urges, to stand firm in the freedom Christ has given us and not to let anyone, or anything, draw us back into the bondage of legalism.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 4:8-20:
Galatians 5:1 It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.
Romans 6:16 Don't you know that when you offer yourselves to someone as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one you obey—whether you are slaves to sin, which leads to death, or to obedience, which leads to righteousness?
2 Peter 2:20-22 If they have escaped the corruption of the world by knowing our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ and are again entangled in it and are overcome, they are worse off at the end than they were at the beginning. It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than to have known it and then turned their backs on the sacred command that was passed on to them. Of them the proverbs are true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and “A sow that is washed returns to her wallowing in the mud.”
Hebrews 10:39 But we do not belong to those who shrink back and are destroyed, but to those who have faith and are saved.
Colossians 2:8 See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition and the elemental spiritual forces of this world rather than on Christ.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
Why does Paul describe turning back to legalism as being "enslaved" again? What does this tell us about the impact of legalism on our spiritual lives?
+ Paul is warning the Galatians that returning to legalism—relying on rules and rituals to be justified before God—actually leads to spiritual slavery. Legalism is a system that keeps us focused on trying to earn God’s favor through our actions rather than trusting in His grace. It’s burdensome, and it removes the joy of knowing that Christ has already set us free. This is why Paul is so concerned: legalism robs us of the freedom and joy that comes from the gospel. It puts us back under a yoke of slavery where we are constantly trying to do enough, rather than resting in Christ’s finished work.
What does Paul mean when he says, "Now that you know God—or rather are known by God"? How does this change the way we view our relationship with God?
+ Paul’s statement highlights the truth that our relationship with God isn’t based on our ability to know Him or follow rules, but on the fact that He has chosen us and made Himself known to us. God has initiated this relationship, and He knows us intimately. This changes everything. It’s not about trying to prove ourselves to God through our works; it’s about responding to His love and grace. Knowing that we are "known by God" gives us a deep sense of security and freedom because our relationship with God isn’t based on our performance but on His love for us.
Why is it easy to fall back into old patterns of behavior, like legalism, and how can we resist that temptation?
+ It’s easy to fall back into old patterns like legalism because they feel familiar. The idea of checking off boxes—doing certain things to earn favor—gives a sense of control or accomplishment. However, this is a trap that keeps us from fully trusting in God’s grace. We might also feel pressure from others, or from ourselves, to be "good enough" for God. To resist this temptation, we need to regularly remind ourselves of the gospel: we are justified by faith alone, not by our works. Spending time in prayer, reading the Word, and being in fellowship with others who encourage us to live in the freedom of Christ can help us stay grounded in grace and avoid slipping back into legalistic ways.
Session
9: Children
of Promise, Not of the Law
- Galatians 4:21-31
Printable
Download
Focus:
The allegory of Hagar and Sarah
Purpose
Statement:
To understand the difference between living
under the law
(Hagar) and living
by faith
(Sarah), and to embrace the promise of freedom through Christ.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:21-31 (NIV)
21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.
24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:
“Be glad, barren
woman,
you who never bore a child;
shout
for joy and cry aloud,
you who were
never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate
woman
than of her who has a husband.”
28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise. 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.” 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 4:21-31, Paul uses the allegory of Hagar and Sarah to illustrate the stark contrast between living under the law (represented by Hagar) and living by faith in God's promise (represented by Sarah). By drawing from the story of Abraham’s two sons—Isaac, born to Sarah, and Ishmael, born to Hagar—Paul emphasizes that those who rely on the law are like Hagar’s son, born of human effort, while those who live by faith are like Isaac, born of God's promise. Paul uses this allegory to remind the Galatians that they are children of the promise, not children of slavery, and they should embrace the freedom they have in Christ. This passage invites believers to reflect on whether they are living in the freedom of God's grace or under the burden of religious rules and expectations.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 4:21 “Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says?”
Explanation: Paul begins with a rhetorical question, challenging those who are turning to the law for salvation. He is urging them to consider what the law truly says and to realize that the law is not a means to salvation, but rather points to the need for grace through Christ.
Galatians 4:22-23 “For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.”
Explanation: Paul introduces the story of Abraham's two sons. Ishmael, born to Hagar, was the result of human effort (the "flesh"), while Isaac, born to Sarah, was the result of God's promise. This sets the stage for Paul’s allegory—those born under the law are like Ishmael, while those born through faith in God’s promises are like Isaac.
Galatians 4:24 “These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar.”
Explanation: Paul begins to explain the allegory: Hagar represents the old covenant, the law given at Mount Sinai, which leads to slavery because it demands obedience and perfection, something humans cannot achieve. The law brings bondage, just as Hagar’s son, Ishmael, was born into slavery.
Galatians 4:25 “Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children.”
Explanation: Paul draws a parallel between Hagar and the current state of Jerusalem, which was still under the bondage of the law. He contrasts the freedom found in the new covenant through Christ with the continued slavery under the law.
Galatians 4:26 “But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother.”
Explanation: The “Jerusalem above” refers to the heavenly Jerusalem, symbolizing the freedom and grace of the new covenant, which comes through Christ. Those who are in Christ are part of this free Jerusalem, born not of human effort but of God’s promise.
Galatians 4:27 “For it is written: ‘Be glad, barren woman, you who never bore a child; shout for joy and cry aloud, you who were never in labor; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.’”
Explanation: This quote from Isaiah 54:1 speaks to the abundant joy and growth of those who are part of the new covenant. Despite being barren, the “desolate woman” (symbolizing the Gentiles) will have more children than the woman who was married (symbolizing the Jews under the law). This points to the fruitfulness and expansion of the kingdom of God through the promise, not the law.
Galatians 4:28 “Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise.”
Explanation: Paul reminds the Galatians that they, like Isaac, are children of promise, not of human effort or the law. They are part of the new covenant that brings freedom, and they should not revert to slavery under the law.
Galatians 4:29 “At that time the son born according to the flesh persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now.”
Explanation: Paul notes that Ishmael persecuted Isaac, just as those who rely on the law (the flesh) often persecute those who live by the Spirit. This tension continues today between those who embrace legalism and those who embrace grace.
Galatians 4:30-31 “But what does the Scripture say? ‘Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.’ Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.”
Explanation: Paul concludes by urging the Galatians to reject the law (represented by Hagar) and embrace the freedom of the promise (represented by Sarah). As children of God’s promise, they are heirs to the inheritance through Christ and should not go back to the slavery of the law.
Reflection and Application
This passage invites us to examine where we place our trust for salvation. Are we relying on our own efforts to please God, as represented by Hagar and the law, or are we living by faith in the promises of God, as represented by Sarah and Isaac? The Galatians were being tempted to turn back to the law, but Paul urges them—and us—to embrace the freedom of grace through Christ.
We are children of promise, born not of human effort but of God’s divine grace. This truth offers us freedom from the bondage of legalism and a new identity as heirs of God's kingdom. The freedom we have in Christ is not just freedom from sin but also freedom from trying to earn God’s love and favor through works. We are free to live in the assurance of His promises and to rest in the work Christ has already accomplished on our behalf.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Two Contracts
Maya had two job offers. The first company gave her a strict contract—long hours, impossible expectations, and a warning: If you fail, you're out. The second company offered her a different deal—she would be part of the family business. She didn’t have to earn her place; she already belonged.
At first, Maya hesitated. The first job seemed more familiar—she knew what to expect, even if it was exhausting. But deep down, she knew the second offer was better. It wasn’t about rules and pressure—it was about being part of something greater, a gift she simply had to accept.
In Galatians 4:21-31, Paul uses the story of Hagar and Sarah to show the difference between living under the law and living in God’s promise. Hagar represents the old way—slavery to rules, striving to earn acceptance. Sarah represents the new way—freedom through faith, receiving God’s promise as a gift.
Like Maya, we sometimes feel drawn to the comfort of control—thinking we must work our way to God. But Jesus invites us to something better. We are children of the promise, not employees under a contract. We don’t have to earn God’s love—we already belong.
Reflection Question: Are you living as a child of promise, trusting in God’s grace? Or are you still trying to “earn” what He has already freely given?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: The Allegory of Hagar and Sarah: A Picture of Two Covenants
In Galatians 4:21-31, Paul uses the story of Hagar and Sarah to illustrate the difference between living under the law and living by faith. He writes: "Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says? For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise." (Galatians 4:21-23, NIV)
What may surprise us is that Paul uses the story of two women—Hagar, the slave woman, and Sarah, the free woman—as an allegory to explain two ways of relating to God. Hagar represents living under the law, where human effort and works are relied upon, while Sarah represents the promise of grace and salvation through faith. Paul shows that those who rely on the law are like Hagar’s son, born of human effort, but those who live by faith are like Sarah’s son, born of God's promise. This allegory calls us to embrace the freedom we have in Christ and reject the bondage of legalism.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Children of Promise, Not of the Law - Galatians 4:21-31
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Understanding of Spiritual Lineage→A person learns to see themselves as a child of the promise, spiritually descended from Sarah, not from the line of slavery represented by Hagar.→Galatians 4:22–23, 28
→Freedom Through the New Covenant→They recognize that life in Christ places them under the covenant of grace and freedom, not the bondage of law.→Galatians 4:24–26
→Identity Rooted in God’s Promise→They grow in assurance that their place in God’s family is the result of divine promise, not human effort or merit.→Galatians 4:28
→Readiness to Endure Opposition→They expect and endure rejection or pressure from those still living under law, just as Isaac was mocked by Ishmael.→Galatians 4:29
→Discernment Between Bondage and Freedom→They learn to discern between systems that enslave and the gospel that liberates, choosing the latter wholeheartedly.→Galatians 4:30
→Joy in Being Free→They develop a deep joy in living as free heirs—not slaves—of God, celebrating spiritual liberty rather than fearing judgment.→Galatians 4:31
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 4:21-31, Paul uses the story of Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar as an allegory to illustrate the difference between living under the law and living by faith in God’s promises. Abraham had two sons: one through Hagar, his servant, and one through Sarah, his wife. The son of Hagar, Ishmael, was born according to human effort, while Isaac, the son of Sarah, was born as a miracle—according to God’s promise. Paul uses this story to help the Galatians understand that they, like Isaac, are children of the promise, not children of the law.
Hagar represents the law, which brings slavery. Just as Hagar's son, Ishmael, was born through human effort and not by faith in God’s promise, so too are those who live by the law relying on their own efforts to earn God’s favor. The law, while good, cannot bring freedom—it only shows us how far we fall short of God's perfect standard, leading to a kind of spiritual slavery. Hagar’s children, born of the law, are enslaved, just as the city of Jerusalem under the law represents slavery.
In contrast, Sarah represents freedom, the covenant of grace. Isaac’s birth was a result of God’s miraculous promise to Sarah, and this symbolizes the grace of God in our salvation. Just as Isaac was born through God's promise, we, too, are children of God because of His promise of salvation through Jesus Christ. The children of promise, like Isaac, are free. The Jerusalem “above,” which is the new heavenly Jerusalem, is free, and she is our mother. This means that we are part of a new spiritual family, one based on grace and the power of the Holy Spirit, not on the law.
Paul ends this allegory by emphasizing that we, as believers, are not children of the slave woman (the law) but of the free woman (grace). The law, represented by Hagar, cannot share in the inheritance of God's promises. The inheritance belongs to those who are children of the promise, those who live by faith in Christ, not by trying to obey the law.
This is an important reminder for us today. Sometimes, we may fall into the trap of trying to earn God’s favor through our works, thinking that by following rules or performing good deeds, we’ll be more acceptable to God. But this passage shows us that our freedom and acceptance come only through faith in God’s promises, just as Isaac was born through God’s promise, not by human effort.
We are called to live as children of the promise, trusting in God’s grace and the power of the Holy Spirit to transform us. It’s not about obeying the law perfectly—it’s about living by faith in the One who fulfilled the law on our behalf. Christ has set us free from the slavery of the law, and now we are free to live in the grace and freedom that comes through Him.
So, let’s embrace the promise of freedom through Christ. We are no longer slaves to the law or to the fear of not measuring up. We are free to live in the grace and power of the Holy Spirit, confident that we are children of the promise and heirs of all the blessings that come with being part of God's family.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 4:21-31:
Romans 9:8 It is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.
Romans 8:15 The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, “Abba, Father.”
Hebrews 11:11 And by faith even Sarah, who was past childbearing age, was enabled to bear children because she considered him faithful who had made the promise.
2 Corinthians 3:6 He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant—not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.
John 8:32 Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean that Hagar represents the law and Sarah represents the promise? How does this distinction help us understand the difference between living under the law and living by faith?
+ Hagar’s son, Ishmael, was born because of Abraham’s attempt to fulfill God’s promise through his own effort (human works), while Sarah’s son, Isaac, was born because of God’s promise, despite the impossibility of the situation. The law works like Hagar—it's based on human effort, striving, and trying to earn God’s favor by our own works. But the promise, represented by Sarah, is based on faith in God’s grace, not on our ability to do anything to earn it. This distinction helps us see that salvation and our relationship with God don’t depend on our works but on His promises, which we receive by faith.
Why does Paul say that those who rely on the law are in "bondage," like Hagar’s son, while those who rely on faith are "free," like Sarah’s son?
+ The law creates a system where we are constantly trying to measure up, earn God's favor, and be "good enough," which results in a life of slavery to performance. It places us under a burden we can’t bear, since no one can perfectly follow the law. On the other hand, living by faith means we are free from this burden because our acceptance by God is based on His grace, not on our works. This freedom gives us peace and joy because we know that God’s love and salvation are given to us freely, through Jesus Christ.
In what ways can we be tempted to live more like Hagar, trying to earn God’s favor through our works? How can we remind ourselves to live like Sarah, trusting in God’s promises and living by faith?
+ We can be tempted to live like Hagar when we feel the need to prove ourselves to God, either by following rules or comparing ourselves to others. This temptation often comes when we fall into the trap of thinking that God's love and approval depend on our actions rather than His grace. To live like Sarah means to trust that God’s promises are enough and to rest in the fact that we are saved by faith, not works. We can remind ourselves by regularly meditating on the gospel, praying for strength to trust in God’s promises, and encouraging each other to live in the freedom that comes through Christ.
Session
10: Living
in Freedom
- Galatians 5:1-15
Printable
Download
Focus:
The call to live in the freedom
of Christ and avoid legalism
Purpose
Statement:
To encourage us to stand
firm
in our freedom in Christ, loving one another, and not letting the
yoke of legalism or sin entangle us again.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 5:1-15 (NIV)
1 It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.
2 Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. 3 Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law. 4 You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace. 5 For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.
7 You were running a good race. Who cut in on you to keep you from obeying the truth? 8 That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you. 9 “A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough.” 10 I am confident in the Lord that you will take no other view. The one who is throwing you into confusion, whoever that may be, will have to pay the penalty. 11 Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been abolished. 12 As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!
13 You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love. 14 For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” 15 If you bite and devour each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other.
OVERVIEW:: Living in Freedom
Key Verse: "It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery." (Galatians 5:1, NIV)
In this passage, Paul encourages believers to live in the freedom that Christ offers. This freedom is not to be taken for granted or misused, but instead, it is to be cherished and protected. Legalism, or the belief that we can earn God’s favor through strict rules and rituals, is the opposite of freedom in Christ. Paul warns the Galatians not to go back to the slavery of trying to follow rules perfectly to please God, but instead to live by faith in Jesus, which leads to true freedom.
A
famous quote from Charles
Spurgeon
sums this up well:
"The
grace of God in Christ Jesus sets us free from the bondage of
legalism and sin, and to live in that freedom is to live as God
intended."
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Galatians 5:1-15
Galatians 5:1 "It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery."
Thought: Paul begins by reminding the Galatians that Christ has set them free from the burden of the law. The image of a "yoke of slavery" represents the heavy burden of trying to follow strict rules to earn God’s favor. Paul urges them to stand firm and not go back to living under that pressure.
Galatians 5:2-4 "Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law. You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace."
Thought: Paul makes it clear that if the Galatians start trusting in circumcision or any part of the law to earn salvation, they will be turning away from Christ’s grace. Salvation by grace through faith is the heart of the gospel, and trying to follow the law to be justified takes away from the sufficiency of Christ’s sacrifice.
Galatians 5:5-6 "For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love."
Thought: Paul highlights that the way to righteousness is not through physical acts like circumcision, but through faith in Jesus Christ. True faith shows itself in love, which is the mark of a genuine believer.
Galatians 5:7-12 "You were running a good race. Who cut in on you to keep you from obeying the truth? That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you. A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough. I am confident in the Lord that you will take no other view. The one who is throwing you into confusion will pay the penalty, whoever he may be. Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been abolished. As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!"
Thought: Paul uses the metaphor of a race to explain how the Galatians were on the right path but had been distracted by false teaching. He warns that just like a little yeast can spread through dough, false teachings can quickly spread and affect the whole community. He is frustrated by the false teachers who are causing confusion and division.
Galatians 5:13-15 "You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love. For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ If you bite and devour each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other."
Thought: Freedom in Christ is not a license to do whatever we want. It’s freedom to love and serve others humbly. Paul reminds the Galatians that true freedom is found in love, not in self-centeredness or selfish desires. He warns that if they let selfishness take over, it will destroy their relationships with one another.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Unchained Dog
Max, a golden retriever, had spent his whole life chained to a post in the backyard. One day, his owner felt sorry for him and decided to set him free. He unhooked the chain and called, “Go on, Max! You’re free!”
But Max didn’t move. He had been tied up for so long that he didn’t realize he could run. Even without the chain, he stayed in the same spot, living as if he were still trapped.
In Galatians 5:1-15, Paul reminds us that Christ has set us free. But just like Max, we sometimes act as if we’re still bound—either by legalism, thinking we have to earn our salvation, or by sin, using our freedom selfishly. True freedom isn’t about following rules to be accepted by God, and it’s not about doing whatever we want. It’s about living in love, walking in grace, and using our freedom to serve others.
Max eventually realized he was free and took off running, tail wagging with joy. That’s the kind of freedom Christ calls us to—a life not controlled by guilt or sin, but overflowing with love.
Reflection Question: Are you living fully in the freedom Christ has given you, or are you still holding on to old chains? How can you use your freedom to love and serve others?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Freedom in Christ Means Freedom to Love
In
Galatians 5:1, Paul urges the believers:
"It
is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do
not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery."
(Galatians 5:1, NIV)
What
may surprise us here is that while we often think of freedom as
"doing whatever we want," Paul is teaching that true
freedom in Christ is actually the freedom to love others. In verse
13, he says:
"You,
my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your
freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in
love."
(Galatians 5:13, NIV)
Freedom in Christ isn't about doing whatever we feel like or trying to live without rules—it’s about living with love as our guide. True freedom is found in serving others and living in harmony with God’s purpose for us, which is to love others as He has loved us. When we stand firm in Christ, we aren't just freed from sin and the law, but we are empowered to live in love and serve others without being weighed down by legalistic rules.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Living in Freedom - Galatians 5:1-15
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Commitment to Stand Firm in Freedom→A person becomes resolute in protecting their spiritual freedom, refusing to submit again to legalistic bondage.→Galatians 5:1
→Awareness of Legalism's Danger→They grow in understanding that adding law to grace undermines the gospel and severs them from Christ’s sufficiency.→Galatians 5:2–4
→Faith Expressed Through Love→They realize that the true expression of saving faith is love—not rule-keeping—and begin to serve others from that foundation.→Galatians 5:6
→Guarding Against False Influence→They develop spiritual alertness to those who hinder the truth, refusing to let false teachers derail their walk with Christ.→Galatians 5:7–9
→Dependence on God’s Grace→They lean on grace as the source of both hope and righteousness, not their own performance.→Galatians 5:4–5
→Loving Service, Not Self-Indulgence→They understand that Christian freedom isn’t license to sin but a call to humbly love and serve others.→Galatians 5:13–14
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 5:1-15, Paul passionately calls the Galatians to stand firm in the freedom Christ has given them. He emphasizes that Christ has set us free, and we must not allow ourselves to be burdened again by a “yoke of slavery.” For the Galatians, this slavery came in the form of legalism—believing that they needed to follow the law (specifically, circumcision) to be truly justified before God. Paul makes it clear that trying to be justified by works of the law alienates us from Christ and the grace that He offers.
Paul also stresses that, in Christ, outward rituals and actions—such as circumcision—mean nothing. What truly matters is faith that is expressed through love. This was a revolutionary message for the Galatians, who were being pressured to adopt legalistic practices. Paul reminds them that freedom in Christ means living by the Spirit and walking in love, not relying on external rituals or rules. True freedom is not the freedom to do whatever we want, but the freedom to love one another, to serve others humbly, and to fulfill the law through the act of loving our neighbors as ourselves.
The freedom we have in Christ is a powerful gift, but it’s not a freedom to live selfishly or indulgently. Paul warns the Galatians not to use their freedom as an excuse to indulge the flesh. Instead, the freedom Christ gives us should lead to lives of service and love, humbling ourselves to care for others. The entire law is fulfilled in the command to love our neighbors, and when we focus on love, we experience true freedom.
Paul also acknowledges that the Galatians were once “running a good race,” but false teaching had caused them to stumble. He warns that just a little bit of false teaching can influence the whole community, much like a small amount of yeast affects an entire batch of dough. The truth of the gospel is not something to be compromised; standing firm in the truth means guarding against any message that distorts it. In the same way, when we face temptations or distractions that seek to take us off course, we must stay rooted in the freedom that Christ offers.
This passage challenges us to embrace the full freedom we have in Christ while recognizing that true freedom leads to a life of love and service. It also reminds us that we must remain vigilant against anything that seeks to enslave us again, whether through legalism, sin, or worldly distractions. We are free in Christ, but we are free to live a life of love and service, not to indulge in selfishness or sin.
As we reflect on this passage, let us ask ourselves: How can we stand firm in the freedom Christ has given us? Are we using our freedom to love and serve others, or are we using it to serve ourselves? True freedom in Christ leads us to live in a way that honors God and blesses others.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 5:1-15:
Romans 6:18 You have been set free from sin and have become slaves to righteousness.
Romans 8:2 Because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of sin and death.
2 Corinthians 3:17 Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.
John 8:36 So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed.
1 Peter 2:16 Live as free people, but do not use your freedom as a cover-up for evil; live as God’s slaves.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean to "stand firm in the freedom" Christ has given us, and why is it important to avoid being burdened by legalism again?
+ "Standing firm in the freedom" means holding onto the truth that we are saved by grace through faith, not by our own works. Legalism (the idea that we must follow certain rules or rituals to earn favor with God) tries to pull us back into the mindset that we have to do more to be accepted. But Christ’s sacrifice has already done everything for us. Standing firm means resisting the temptation to fall back into trying to earn God’s love and instead living in the freedom of knowing that we are loved and accepted in Christ. This freedom gives us peace, and it also allows us to love and serve others without the pressure of "performing" for God.
Paul mentions that we should not use our freedom to indulge the flesh but to serve one another in love. What do you think this means, and how can we live this out in our daily lives?
+ Using our freedom to "indulge the flesh" means living selfishly, giving in to our sinful desires without considering how it affects others or our relationship with God. But Paul is teaching that true freedom is found in serving others out of love, not in selfishness. To live this out, we can look for opportunities to serve others, show kindness, and put others’ needs before our own. It’s not about doing good things to "earn" God’s favor; it’s about living in the freedom Christ gives us to love and serve others, knowing that we are already accepted by God.
How does loving others as Christ loves us help us fulfill the law? How does this relate to the "whole law being fulfilled in a single command: 'Love your neighbor as yourself'" (Galatians 5:14)?
+ The law (all of God’s commands) can be summed up in one word: love. When we love others the way Christ loves us, we are fulfilling God’s will for us. Jesus Himself said that loving God and loving others is the greatest commandment (Matthew 22:37-39). Paul echoes this truth in Galatians 5:14, reminding us that when we choose to love our neighbors, we are living in a way that honors God and aligns with His purpose for us. Love is the key that unlocks true freedom because it takes the focus off of ourselves and puts it on others, following the example Christ set for us.
Session
11: Life
by the Spirit
- Galatians 5:16-26
Printable
Download
Focus:
Living by the Spirit, not the flesh
Purpose
Statement:
To challenge us to live by the Holy
Spirit,
allowing His fruit to be evident in our lives, and to resist the
desires of the flesh
that lead us away from God.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 5:16-26 (NIV)
16 So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. 17 For the flesh desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh. They are in conflict with each other, so that you are not to do whatever you want. 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law.
19 The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; 20 idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions 21 and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God.
22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law. 24 Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. 25 Since we live by the Spirit, let us keep in step with the Spirit. 26 Let us not become conceited, provoking and envying each other.
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 5:1-15, Paul emphasizes the freedom that believers have in Christ and urges them to stand firm in that freedom, warning against the dangers of turning back to legalism. He stresses that Christ has set us free, not to live according to the law, but to live in love and service to one another. Paul also cautions that if we allow ourselves to be bound by legalistic rules, we will lose the grace and freedom that Christ offers. Instead, we are called to love one another and walk by the Spirit, not by the flesh. This passage reminds us that true freedom is found in Christ alone, and it is to be lived out in love and service to others.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 5:1 “It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.”
Explanation: Paul begins with a powerful reminder that Christ has set us free, not for the sake of living however we want, but for the sake of freedom itself. He calls believers to stand firm in that freedom and not return to the “yoke of slavery,” which represents the burden of the law or any legalistic practices that seek to earn salvation.
Galatians 5:2-3 “Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law.”
Explanation: Paul warns that relying on legalistic practices, like circumcision, to gain favor with God is a serious mistake. If you choose to depend on the law, then you are obligated to keep the whole law, and by doing so, you lose the freedom that comes from Christ. Christ’s work on the cross is nullified if we try to add anything to it.
Galatians 5:4 “You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.”
Explanation: Paul makes it clear that trying to be justified (made right) by following the law separates us from Christ and from the grace He offers. The law cannot save us; only grace through faith in Christ can.
Galatians 5:5-6 “For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.”
Explanation: True righteousness comes from faith in Christ, and it is the work of the Holy Spirit in our lives. Paul emphasizes that outward rituals (like circumcision) are irrelevant when it comes to salvation. What truly matters is faith, which is demonstrated through love and service to others.
Galatians 5:7-10 “You were running a good race. Who cut in on you to keep you from obeying the truth? That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you. ‘A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough.’ I am confident in the Lord that you will take no other view. The one who is throwing you into confusion will pay the penalty, whoever he may be.”
Explanation: Paul rebukes the Galatians for allowing false teachings to distract them from the truth of the gospel. He uses the metaphor of a race, reminding them that they were once on track but have now been hindered by those who are promoting legalism. He warns that a small amount of false teaching (like yeast in dough) can spread and cause significant harm. Paul is confident that the Galatians will return to the truth of the gospel.
Galatians 5:11 “Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been abolished.”
Explanation: Paul defends his message, pointing out that if he were still preaching the law (like circumcision), he would not be persecuted by others. The offense of the cross, which calls for salvation by grace alone, is what causes opposition from those who want to hold on to the law.
Galatians 5:12 “As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!”
Explanation: Paul’s language here is strong as he expresses his frustration with those who are insisting on circumcision and legalism. He sarcastically wishes that these teachers would go even further with their teachings, highlighting how absurd it is to rely on the law for salvation.
Galatians 5:13 “You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love.”
Explanation: While we are free in Christ, Paul cautions that this freedom is not an excuse to live in sin (indulging the flesh). Instead, our freedom should lead us to serve one another in love. True freedom is not self-centered but focuses on loving and serving others.
Galatians 5:14-15 “For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ If you bite and devour each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other.”
Explanation: Paul summarizes the entire law in one simple command: love your neighbor as yourself. He warns that if the Galatians continue to fight and argue with one another, they will destroy each other. Love, not legalism, is the essence of the Christian life.
Reflection and Application
Paul’s message to the Galatians is as relevant today as it was when he first wrote it. In our walk with Christ, we are called to live in the freedom He offers, not bound by rules and regulations. However, this freedom does not mean we can live however we want. Instead, true freedom in Christ leads to love, service, and selflessness.
We are not saved by our works or religious observances, but by God’s grace. As we live out our freedom, we are to love one another, just as Christ has loved us. This love is the fruit of the Spirit working in us, and it is the mark of a believer who has truly embraced the gospel of grace.
DEVOTIONAL THOUGHT:
In Galatians 5:16-26, Paul challenges us to choose the narrow path, the one where we live by the Spirit. The fruit of the Spirit isn’t something we can just try to “make happen” on our own—it’s a result of walking with God, of staying close to Him, and allowing His Spirit to shape us. The other path, the one of the flesh, might look tempting, but it only leads us away from the life God wants for us.
As we learn to walk by the Spirit, we start to see His fruit in our lives: love for others, peace in our hearts, patience when things are tough, and kindness in how we treat people. It’s not always easy, but the more we choose the path of the Spirit, the more we become the people God created us to be.
So, today, let’s choose the narrow path. Let’s walk by the Spirit, allowing His fruit to grow in us, and resist the temptation to give in to the desires of the flesh that pull us away from God.
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: The Power of Living by the Spirit Over the Flesh
In Galatians 5:16, Paul writes: "So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh." (Galatians 5:16, NIV)
What may surprise us here is that living by the Spirit is not just about avoiding bad behavior but about being so in tune with God’s presence that the fruit of the Spirit naturally flows from us. We might assume that the fight between flesh and Spirit is about willpower or following rules, but Paul highlights that the key to overcoming the desires of the flesh is walking by the Spirit. This means relying on the Holy Spirit’s power to lead, guide, and transform us. The more we surrender to the Spirit, the more His fruit—love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control—becomes evident in our lives. It’s not about trying harder to be good; it’s about letting the Spirit work in and through us.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Life by the Spirit - Galatians 5:16-26
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Walking in the Spirit→A person learns to depend daily on the Holy Spirit’s guidance rather than their own fleshly desires.→Galatians 5:16
→Crucifying the Flesh→They actively put to death sinful desires and behaviors that oppose God’s will.→Galatians 5:24
→Producing the Fruit of the Spirit→They cultivate love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control in their character.→Galatians 5:22–23
→Rejecting Works of the Flesh→They increasingly recognize and avoid behaviors like sexual immorality, idolatry, jealousy, and envy.→Galatians 5:19–21
→Living in Community→They foster unity and mutual care in the church, avoiding envy and rivalry among believers.→Galatians 5:26
→Freedom in Obedience→They experience true freedom by choosing to obey the Spirit rather than yielding to the flesh’s desires.→Galatians 5:13,16
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 5:16-26, Paul provides a clear contrast between living according to the flesh and living according to the Spirit. The flesh represents our sinful nature and its desires, while the Spirit represents the Holy Spirit, who guides believers in living a life that honors God. The battle between the flesh and the Spirit is a constant struggle for every believer. Paul urges us to “walk by the Spirit” so that we do not give in to the desires of the flesh. The life of the flesh is marked by actions and behaviors that are destructive, such as sexual immorality, hatred, jealousy, and selfishness. Paul warns that those who consistently live in such ways will not inherit the kingdom of God.
On the other hand, when we live by the Spirit, we experience the transformation that comes through His work in our lives. The fruit of the Spirit, which includes love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control, is the evidence of the Spirit’s presence in our lives. These qualities reflect the character of Christ and show that we are being conformed to His image. Paul reminds us that against these virtues, there is no law; they are the mark of a life that is pleasing to God. Living by the Spirit doesn’t just mean resisting the desires of the flesh—it also means actively pursuing a life that reflects the character of Christ through the fruit of the Spirit.
Paul also tells us that those who belong to Christ have “crucified the flesh with its passions and desires.” This means that when we accepted Christ, we chose to die to our old sinful nature and to live for Him. The Holy Spirit empowers us to live out this reality by giving us the strength to overcome sin and to grow in holiness. As we live by the Spirit, we are to “keep in step with the Spirit.” This means listening to the Spirit’s guidance and allowing Him to lead us in our decisions, relationships, and actions. It’s a continual process of growth, where we actively choose to follow the Spirit and align our lives with His will.
Living by the Spirit also means humbling ourselves and avoiding the destructive behaviors that come from pride, such as provoking or envying others. Instead of competing with one another or comparing ourselves, we are called to live in unity, supporting and encouraging each other in the faith. The fruit of the Spirit helps us to live in harmony with others, reflecting the love and grace of God in all our interactions.
In our daily lives, we face a choice: to live by the flesh or to live by the Spirit. The flesh leads to destruction, but the Spirit leads to life. We can’t live by both—either we submit to the desires of the flesh, or we yield to the Spirit’s work in us. This passage calls us to make the choice to follow the Spirit, allowing His fruit to grow in our lives and resisting the pull of sin. It’s not always easy, but as we remain connected to Christ and walk by the Spirit, we will bear fruit that honors God and reflects His love to the world around us.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 5:16-26:
Romans 8:5-6 Those who live according to the flesh have their minds set on what the flesh desires; but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires. The mind governed by the flesh is death, but the mind governed by the Spirit is life and peace.
Romans 13:14 Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh.
Ephesians 5:9 (for the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness and truth) and find out what pleases the Lord.
1 Peter 2:11 Dear friends, I urge you, as foreigners and exiles, to abstain from sinful desires, which wage war against your soul.
John 15:5 I am the vine; you are the branches. If you remain in me and I in you, you will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean to "walk by the Spirit," and how does this help us resist the desires of the flesh?
+ Walking by the Spirit means living in step with the Holy Spirit, allowing Him to guide our thoughts, actions, and decisions. This involves surrendering our will to God’s, relying on the Spirit’s strength rather than our own to resist sin. When we walk by the Spirit, we are aligned with God’s purposes, and the flesh’s sinful desires lose their power over us. It’s not about trying to resist the flesh in our own strength but about yielding to the Holy Spirit and trusting Him to help us overcome temptation.
Paul lists the "acts of the flesh" in verses 19-21. How do these acts of the flesh pull us away from God and hinder our relationship with others?
+ The acts of the flesh—things like selfishness, impurity, idolatry, hatred, jealousy, and outbursts of anger—are behaviors that come from our sinful nature. These actions separate us from God because they go against His character and His commands. They also harm our relationships with others, creating division, conflict, and hurt. The flesh leads us to focus on ourselves and our own desires rather than loving God and loving others. By contrast, the fruit of the Spirit brings peace, joy, and unity. When we give in to the flesh, we’re choosing our own way over God’s best for us.
What is the "fruit of the Spirit," and how does it reflect the character of Christ? How can we allow the Holy Spirit to produce this fruit in our lives?
+ The fruit of the Spirit includes love, joy, peace, forbearance (patience), kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. These qualities reflect the heart of Christ—His love, patience, goodness, and strength. The Holy Spirit produces this fruit in us as we submit to His work in our lives. It’s not something we can manufacture on our own; it’s the result of the Spirit’s transforming power. We can allow the Spirit to produce this fruit by staying connected to God through prayer, reading the Word, and seeking His guidance in every part of our lives. The more we surrender to Him, the more His character shines through us.
Session
12: Bearing
One Another’s Burdens
- Galatians 6:1-10
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Focus:
The importance of caring for one another in the church
Purpose
Statement:
To encourage us to restore
those who have fallen, to bear one another’s burdens, and to live
out the gospel
of grace
in our relationships with others.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 6:1-10 (NIV)
1 Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted. 2 Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ. 3 If anyone thinks they are something when they are not, they deceive themselves. 4 Each one should test their own actions. Then they can take pride in themselves alone, without comparing themselves to someone else, 5 for each one should carry their own load. 6 Nevertheless, the one who receives instruction in the word should share all good things with their instructor.
7 Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. 8 Whoever sows to please their flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. 9 Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. 10 Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers.
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 6, Paul transitions from the discussion of grace and freedom to a practical call for believers to care for each other in the community of faith. He emphasizes the importance of restoration, humility, and shared responsibility in our relationships within the church. Paul reminds us that the gospel not only frees us from the law but also calls us to live out the grace we’ve received by supporting one another through difficult times, encouraging restoration for those who stumble, and bearing each other's burdens. These actions reflect the heart of the gospel — loving others as Christ has loved us.
This passage highlights the deep interdependence we have as believers. We are not meant to walk this Christian journey alone. Just as Christ has borne our burdens, we are called to help one another, offering grace and encouragement in times of weakness or failure. Paul also speaks to the importance of sowing good deeds, knowing that God will honor those who do good, especially to fellow believers. Ultimately, we are reminded that the Christian life is not about self-promotion, but about living humbly and caring for those around us.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 6:1 “Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted.”
Explanation: Paul encourages those who are spiritually strong to help restore those who have fallen into sin. The restoration should be done gently and with humility, knowing that anyone can fall. This verse highlights the importance of a loving and compassionate approach, not one of judgment or condemnation. The focus is on helping someone back on their feet, not pushing them down further.
Galatians 6:2 “Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.”
Explanation: Paul calls believers to bear one another’s burdens — this could be emotional, spiritual, or physical burdens. This command echoes Christ’s own example of bearing the weight of humanity’s sin. When we help others carry their burdens, we live out Christ’s love and fulfill the law of love He gave us. This shows that the Christian life is about selfless service to others.
Galatians 6:3-4 “If anyone thinks they are something when they are not, they deceive themselves. Each one should test their own actions. Then they can take pride in themselves alone, without comparing themselves to someone else.”
Explanation: Paul warns against pride and comparison. It’s easy to think more highly of ourselves than we should, especially when we are trying to help others. But Paul reminds us that we should evaluate ourselves honestly, not by comparing ourselves to others. This is an encouragement to stay humble, realizing that we all need God’s grace and that we should not look down on those who are struggling.
Galatians 6:5 “For each one should carry their own load.”
Explanation: While we are called to bear each other’s burdens, Paul also stresses personal responsibility. There are personal burdens each of us must carry, and we should not expect others to carry them for us. We should live responsibly and make an effort to bear the burdens that are ours to bear, while also helping others with theirs.
Galatians 6:6 “Nevertheless, the one who receives instruction in the word should share all good things with their instructor.”
Explanation: Paul encourages those who are taught in the faith to support their teachers financially and materially. This is a reminder that those who dedicate their time to teaching and leading the church should be cared for by the congregation. It also reinforces the importance of mutual care and sharing within the body of Christ.
Galatians 6:7-8 “Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. Whoever sows to please their flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.”
Explanation: Paul warns that our actions have consequences. If we live for selfish desires (the flesh), we will experience destruction, but if we live by the Spirit, we will experience eternal life. This is a reminder to live in alignment with God’s will, sowing good deeds and living by the Spirit, knowing that our choices matter.
Galatians 6:9 “Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up.”
Explanation: Paul encourages perseverance in doing good. It’s easy to grow tired when helping others or doing good works, but Paul reminds us that there is a reward for those who persist. The harvest will come in God’s timing. This verse is an encouragement to keep doing good, trusting that God will bring fruit from our labor, even if we don’t always see immediate results.
Galatians 6:10 “Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers.”
Explanation: Paul encourages believers to make the most of every opportunity to do good, but especially within the church. While we should care for all people, there is a special responsibility to support and care for fellow believers in the body of Christ. This is a call to prioritize love and care for one another within the community of faith.
Reflection and Application
Paul’s words in Galatians 6 challenge us to live out the gospel of grace in a practical and relational way. The call to bear one another’s burdens is not just about being a helper when someone is in need, but also about walking alongside each other in love, humility, and grace. In the church, we are not just a group of individuals, but a community bound together by the love of Christ, and we are called to care for one another deeply.
We can apply this lesson by looking for ways to serve others, whether that means supporting someone who is struggling spiritually, emotionally, or physically, or simply encouraging them in their walk with Christ. At the same time, we are reminded that we should not neglect our own personal responsibility to live according to the Spirit. We are to carry our own load while also helping others carry theirs.
It’s easy to grow weary when we serve others, but Paul encourages us to keep going, knowing that our efforts are not in vain. The harvest may not come immediately, but God promises that in due time, we will see the results of our labor for Him. Let’s be faithful in living out the gospel by loving and supporting one another in the church.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Heavy Backpack
Imagine you're out on a long hike with a group of friends. You’re all excited at the beginning, chatting and laughing as you walk through the beautiful trails. But after a while, one of your friends, Sarah, starts to slow down. Her backpack, packed with too much gear, is clearly weighing her down. At first, she tries to keep going, but you can see she’s struggling, getting tired with every step.
Now, you could just keep walking ahead, minding your own path, thinking, "Well, it’s her fault she packed so much." But as a good friend, you know it’s important to help her. So, you stop and ask, "Sarah, are you okay? It looks like your bag is too heavy. Can I carry it for a bit?" She looks up, a little embarrassed, but grateful for your kindness. You swap backpacks for a while, and Sarah is able to catch her breath and walk more easily.
As you walk together, you realize that helping her wasn’t a big deal to you, but it meant everything to her. She’s not carrying that burden alone anymore, and you’re both stronger for it. It’s a picture of what Paul is talking about in Galatians 6:2, when he says, "Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ." Just like you helped Sarah carry her heavy load, we’re called to help carry the burdens of our brothers and sisters in the church. It might seem like a small thing, but showing kindness and lifting others up when they’re struggling is exactly what God wants us to do.
Just like Sarah needed help with her backpack, we all go through times when we need others to come alongside us. And just like you helped Sarah, we can be there for others when they need us most, living out the gospel of grace and love that Christ has shown to us.
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
In Galatians 6:5, Paul writes, "For each one should carry their own load." At first glance, this might seem to contradict his earlier instruction to "carry each other’s burdens" (Galatians 6:2). However, Paul is emphasizing personal responsibility alongside mutual support. While we are called to help others with their struggles, we are also responsible for our own actions and choices. This balance ensures that we support one another without enabling irresponsibility.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Bearing One Another’s Burdens - Galatians 6:1-10
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Gentleness in Restoration→A person grows in humility and gentleness when helping restore someone caught in sin, avoiding pride or harshness.→Galatians 6:1
→Self-Examination→They learn to examine their own behavior carefully before correcting others, fostering personal growth and accountability.→Galatians 6:1
→Mutual Support→They actively carry one another’s burdens, sharing struggles and supporting growth in the community.→Galatians 6:2
→Sowing and Reaping→They embrace the principle that their actions have consequences—sowing to the Spirit leads to eternal life, while sowing to the flesh leads to corruption.→Galatians 6:7–8
→Perseverance in Doing Good→They remain steadfast in doing good, especially within the community of faith, trusting God to bring fruit in due time.→Galatians 6:9
→Generosity and Service→They cultivate generosity, sharing material and spiritual blessings with others, especially those in need.→Galatians 6:6,10
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT: Embracing God's Plan for Community
God's design for the church is a community where believers actively support and care for each other. By bearing one another's burdens, we fulfill the law of Christ, which is rooted in love and grace. This mutual care reflects the gospel's transformative power, showing the world the love of Christ through our actions. As we live out this calling, we experience deeper relationships and a stronger, more unified church body.
In our daily lives, we can look for opportunities to support those around us, whether through listening, offering help, or simply being present. By doing so, we participate in God's plan for a loving and caring community, demonstrating His love to those within and outside the church.
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
How can we practically bear one another’s burdens in our church community?
What are some ways we can remain humble when restoring someone who has fallen into sin?
How do we know when to help others and when to allow them to carry their own load?
How does the idea of “sowing to the Spirit” challenge our daily lives and priorities?
In what ways can we persevere in doing good, especially when we don’t see immediate results?
Session
13: Final
Exhortations
- Galatians 6:11-18
Printable
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Focus:
Paul’s final words on boasting in the cross of Christ
Purpose
Statement:
To remind us that our boasting
is in the cross
of Christ
alone, and that true spiritual freedom is found in God’s
grace,
not in our own efforts.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 6:11-18 (NIV)
Not Circumcision but the New Creation
11 See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand!
12 Those who want to impress people by means of the flesh are trying to compel you to be circumcised. The only reason they do this is to avoid being persecuted for the cross of Christ. 13 Not even those who are circumcised keep the law, yet they want you to be circumcised that they may boast about your circumcision in the flesh. 14 May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. 15 Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation. 16 Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule—to the Israel of God.
17 From now on, let no one cause me trouble, for I bear on my body the marks of Jesus.
18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brothers and sisters. Amen.
OVERVIEW:
In the closing verses of Galatians, Paul delivers a final, passionate appeal to the Galatian believers. After addressing the issue of legalism and defending the truth of the gospel, he emphasizes that boasting in anything other than the cross of Christ is empty and futile. Paul boldly declares that his only boast is in the cross, where Christ’s sacrificial death has brought true freedom from sin and the law. Through this, he points us to the ultimate source of spiritual freedom: not in our efforts or adherence to the law, but in God’s grace alone, through the work of Jesus Christ.
Paul also contrasts the false teachers who sought to impress others with their outward religious actions with those who have been transformed by Christ’s love and grace. In these final words, Paul calls believers to live in the freedom of grace, boasting not in external rituals or human accomplishments, but in the power of the cross and the new creation that it brings.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 6:11“See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand!”
Explanation: Paul’s use of large letters in his final message emphasizes the importance and urgency of his words. By writing in his own hand, he underscores the personal nature of his appeal. This is a sign of sincerity and concern for the Galatians' well-being.
Galatians 6:12-13“Those who want to impress people by means of the flesh are trying to compel you to be circumcised. The only reason they do this is to avoid being persecuted for the cross of Christ. Not even those who are circumcised keep the law; yet they want you to be circumcised that they may boast about your circumcision in the flesh.”
Explanation: Paul calls out the false teachers who were pushing circumcision on the Galatians in order to avoid persecution for preaching the cross of Christ. These teachers focused on outward, physical signs of religion but were not truly living according to God’s law. Paul exposes their hypocrisy, showing that their focus was on impressing people, not on genuine faith or spiritual transformation.
Galatians 6:14“May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.”
Explanation: Here, Paul makes a bold declaration: his only boast is in the cross of Christ. The cross represents both the sacrifice of Jesus and the freedom from sin and the law that it brings. Paul’s statement reveals his deep identification with Christ’s sacrifice; through the cross, he has died to the world and its values, and the world has died to him. His focus is on what Christ has done, not on his own efforts or religious achievements.
Galatians 6:15“Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation.”
Explanation: Paul rejects the outward rituals, like circumcision, as signs of spiritual significance. Instead, he emphasizes the importance of the new creation in Christ. True spiritual transformation comes through being born again in Christ, not through external acts. This new creation is the heart of the gospel—the change that occurs when a person is made new through faith in Jesus.
Galatians 6:16“Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule—to the Israel of God.”
Explanation: Paul pronounces peace and mercy on those who live by the rule of boasting in the cross and embracing the new creation in Christ. "The Israel of God" refers to those who are true spiritual Israel, not by ethnic heritage but by faith in Christ. This marks the distinction between those who are focused on external rituals and those who are truly part of God’s family.
Galatians 6:17“From now on, let no one cause me trouble, for I bear on my body the marks of Jesus.”
Explanation: Paul has suffered for the sake of the gospel, enduring physical persecution and hardships. The “marks of Jesus” refer to the scars Paul bears from his suffering, symbolizing his identification with Christ. He wants the Galatians to see the contrast between his suffering for Christ and the empty boasting of the false teachers.
Galatians 6:18“The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brothers and sisters. Amen.”
Explanation: Paul ends his letter with a prayer for grace. He emphasizes that true peace and spiritual growth come through the grace of Jesus Christ, not through legalism or human effort. This final blessing calls the Galatians to rest in God’s grace and to live in the freedom that it brings.
Reflection and Application
Paul’s final exhortations in Galatians challenge us to reflect on where we place our trust. Are we trying to prove ourselves through our works, our actions, or outward appearances, or are we resting in the finished work of Christ on the cross? The true spiritual freedom that Paul describes comes from boasting in the cross alone, not in our efforts to earn God’s favor.
In our lives today, it's easy to fall into the trap of relying on our own accomplishments or traditions. We might seek approval from others or try to “measure up” by external standards. However, Paul reminds us that such things are empty. Our identity and boasting should be found solely in the grace of God through Jesus Christ. This grace transforms us, making us a new creation, free from the burden of the law and empowered to live for Christ.
DEVOTIONAL THOUGHT:
In Galatians 6:1-10, Paul reminds us of the importance of caring for one another, especially when we’re struggling. Just like in the allegory, when someone falls or stumbles in life, it’s our responsibility as part of the body of Christ to restore them gently, not in judgment but in love. It’s easy to get caught up in our own lives, but the gospel calls us to bear one another’s burdens. This doesn’t just mean helping with big struggles, but also being there in the little, everyday ways that lift someone’s spirits and encourage them.
Restoring one another isn’t about pointing out flaws but about showing grace, helping each other back up, and walking together. When we live like this, we reflect Christ’s love, not only in our actions but also in the way we build each other up in the church.
So, let’s be the kind of people who offer a hand when someone stumbles, who share the weight of another’s burdens, and who encourage each other in grace. As we do, we are living out the gospel, showing the love of Christ to everyone around us.
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Restoring Others is a Sign of Grace, Not Judgment
In Galatians 6:1, Paul writes: "Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted." (Galatians 6:1, NIV)
What may surprise us is that Paul doesn’t say to criticize or condemn those who fall into sin. Instead, he calls for restoration with gentleness. It’s easy to think that the church’s role is to point out the flaws and failures of others, but Paul emphasizes that we are to restore, not shame, one another. This is an act of grace—just as God gently restores us when we sin, we are called to do the same for others. The goal is not punishment but healing, and this is where true love and grace shine. However, Paul also warns us to be careful, reminding us that we are not above temptation ourselves. Bearing one another’s burdens and restoring others is not about superiority; it’s about offering grace with humility.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Final Exhortations - Galatians 6:11-18
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Intentional Living→A person becomes mindful to live purposefully for Christ, evident in actions and lifestyle.→Galatians 6:11
→Boasting in the Cross→They reject worldly achievements and instead boast only in the cross of Jesus Christ as the source of their identity and hope.→Galatians 6:14
→Peace and Mercy as Goals→They pursue peace with God and others, accompanied by mercy, as marks of true Christian living.→Galatians 6:16
→Separation from Evil→They deliberately separate themselves from practices and attitudes that seek to distort the gospel or promote division.→Galatians 6:17
→New Creation Identity→They embrace their identity as a new creation in Christ, continually growing and living out this transformation.→Galatians 6:15
→Gratitude for God’s Grace→They maintain a heart of gratitude for God’s grace that sustains and empowers them in their daily walk.→Galatians 6:18
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In the final verses of Galatians 6:11-18, Paul brings the letter to a close with a powerful reminder: our boast should be in the cross of Christ, not in our own achievements or efforts. Throughout the letter, Paul has been addressing the issue of legalism—the idea that our salvation can somehow be earned through human effort, rules, and rituals. The Judaizers, who were attempting to impose the practice of circumcision on the Gentiles, wanted to boast about their outward signs of religious observance. They were more concerned with outward appearances and conformity to the law than with a transformed heart through faith in Christ.
Paul passionately rejects this mentality. He makes it clear that he will not boast in anything except the cross of Christ, for it is through the cross that the world has been crucified to him, and he to the world. In other words, Paul’s identity is found solely in what Christ has done for him, not in any human accomplishment or ritual. The cross is where true spiritual freedom is found, and it is the only thing worth boasting about. All of the external rituals or efforts to “impress” others or to earn God’s favor mean nothing in light of the grace of God revealed in Christ.
For us, this is a powerful reminder. How often do we find ourselves tempted to boast about our accomplishments, our good works, or our spiritual “status”? It’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking that we must somehow prove ourselves worthy of God’s love through our efforts. But the message of the gospel is that we are saved by grace alone—through faith in Christ alone. Our worth and identity are not based on anything we do but on what Christ has done for us. The cross is where we find our freedom, and it is where we place our hope and our boast.
Paul further emphasizes that neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation that comes through faith in Christ. The true mark of a believer is not in following a set of religious rules but in being transformed by the power of the gospel. As believers, we are made new in Christ, and that new creation is the evidence of God’s grace at work in our lives. When we understand this truth, we are freed from the pressures of legalism and the need to prove ourselves.
Finally, Paul leaves us with a word of encouragement: peace and mercy to those who follow this rule—those who live by grace through faith, not by works. He also affirms his own personal commitment to this message, bearing on his body the marks of Jesus, evidence of his suffering for the sake of the gospel. His life is a testimony to the reality of the cross, and he challenges us to follow his example of boasting only in Christ.
As we reflect on these final words of Paul, let’s ask ourselves where we find our boast. Is it in our achievements, our good deeds, or our status as believers? Or is it in the finished work of Christ on the cross? True spiritual freedom is found in God’s grace, not in our own efforts. Let us continually turn to the cross and boast in the grace that has saved us, knowing that our identity and hope rest in Christ alone.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 6:11-18:
Philippians 3:7-9 But whatever were gains to me I now consider loss for the sake of Christ. What is more, I consider everything a loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them garbage, that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ—the righteousness that comes from God on the basis of faith.
1 Corinthians 1:31 Therefore, as it is written: “Let the one who boasts boast in the Lord.”
Romans 3:27-28 Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded. Because of what law? The law that requires works? No, because of the law that requires faith. For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.
Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.
2 Corinthians 12:9 But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly of my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean to "restore someone gently" when they have fallen into sin? How does this approach reflect the grace of God?
+ Restoring someone gently means approaching them with love, care, and humility, not with harshness or judgment. It’s about helping them recognize their sin while offering them grace and the opportunity for repentance and healing. This approach reflects the grace of God because, just as God forgives and restores us when we sin, we are called to do the same for others. Restoration doesn’t mean ignoring the sin but helping the person to overcome it in a loving, supportive way. The goal is reconciliation with God and with the community.
Why does Paul emphasize the importance of bearing one another’s burdens, and how can we practically do this in our church community?
+ Bearing one another’s burdens means helping each other carry the weight of struggles, whether they are spiritual, emotional, or physical. Life can be difficult, and everyone faces challenges at some point. As members of the body of Christ, we are called to support each other. This could mean offering prayer, providing practical help, or simply being present during difficult times. When we bear each other’s burdens, we reflect the love and compassion that Christ has shown us. It strengthens the community and shows that we are not alone in our struggles.
In verses 7-9, Paul talks about sowing and reaping. How does this principle apply to our relationships within the church, especially in the context of bearing one another’s burdens?
+ Paul’s principle of sowing and reaping means that our actions, whether good or bad, have consequences. When we sow good things—like love, kindness, and grace—we will reap good results, both in our relationships and in our spiritual lives. In the context of bearing one another’s burdens, sowing good means being generous with our time, energy, and support for others, and the result is a community that grows stronger and more unified. Paul encourages us to not grow weary in doing good because in due time, we will reap a harvest of righteousness. This principle encourages us to continue investing in others, knowing that our efforts in love and care will produce lasting fruit.
The book of Galatians is Paul's passionate letter to the churches in Galatia, emphasizing that salvation is by grace through faith in Jesus Christ alone, not by works of the law. Renowned theologian Martin Luther called Galatians "the Magna Carta of Christian liberty," highlighting its vital message of freedom in Christ and the believer's identity as children of God.
1: The Call to Freedom - Galatians 1:1-10
2: A Divine Revelation - Galatians 1:11-24
3: The Gospel and the Apostles - Galatians 2:1-10
4: Defending the Gospel - Galatians 2:11-21
5: The True Gospel vs. Legalism - Galatians 3:1-14
6: The Promise of the Spirit - Galatians 3:15-29
7: Sons and Heirs - Galatians 4:1-7
8: The Danger of Turning Back - Galatians 4:8-20
9: Children of Promise, Not of the Law - Galatians 4:21-31
10: Living in Freedom - Galatians 5:1-15
11: Life by the Spirit - Galatians 5:16-26
12: Bearing One Another’s Burdens - Galatians 6:1-10
13: Final Exhortations - Galatians 6:11-18
Overview of the Book of Galatians:
The Book of Galatians is one of the Apostle Paul's most passionate letters, written to the churches in the region of Galatia (modern-day Turkey). In this letter, Paul addresses a critical issue: the pressure some Jewish Christians were placing on Gentile believers to follow Jewish laws, especially the practice of circumcision. Paul defends the gospel of grace and faith in Christ alone, asserting that salvation is not based on human effort or adherence to the law, but on faith in the completed work of Jesus Christ. He emphasizes that the gospel is for everyone—Jew and Gentile alike—and that salvation is a free gift, received by faith, not by works.
Throughout the book, Paul highlights the sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice. In Galatians 2:16, he writes, "Know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ." He strongly rebukes any attempt to add human works to the gospel, reminding believers that the law can never justify anyone before God, but it is faith in Christ that brings justification and eternal life. The letter is filled with a blend of personal affection for the Galatians and righteous indignation at the distortion of the gospel.
One of the key verses in Galatians is 5:1, where Paul proclaims, “It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.” This encapsulates the heart of the book: freedom in Christ. This freedom isn’t the freedom to sin, but the freedom to live as children of God, empowered by the Holy Spirit.
Relevance in Today’s Society:
In today’s world, the message of Galatians remains as powerful as ever. Many still struggle with the temptation to believe that salvation can be earned through good deeds, self-righteousness, or following certain religious practices. The pressure to conform to societal expectations or religious traditions often competes with the simple, liberating truth of the gospel—that we are saved by grace alone through faith alone.
Pastor John Stott once said, "The doctrine of justification by faith alone is the essence of the gospel, and the gospel is the foundation of Christian freedom." In a world that constantly demands more of us, Galatians reminds us that Christ’s work is enough, and His grace is sufficient. We do not need to rely on our own strength or fulfill external standards to earn God's love. The apostle Paul’s words in Galatians continue to call Christians today to stand firm in the freedom that Christ provides and not to allow ourselves to be shackled by legalism or human expectations.
For senior citizens, especially those who may have grown up in a more tradition-bound environment, Galatians offers both encouragement and challenge. It reminds us that our identity is not based on what we’ve done or failed to do, but on what Christ has done for us. As we age and reflect on our lives, we are reminded of the timeless truth that our worth is found in Jesus Christ, and our hope rests not on the works of our hands, but on His grace.
Let us hold firmly to the gospel, as Paul encourages in Galatians, and stand in the freedom that Christ has won for us.