Galatians
The
Book of Galatians is a letter from Paul, addressing the issue of legalism and emphasizing the
sufficiency of faith in Christ for salvation. Paul defends the gospel
of grace, teaching that justification comes not through works of the
law but through faith in Jesus Christ alone. In Galatians 2:16, he
boldly declares, "A person is not justified by the works of the
law, but by faith in Jesus Christ," highlighting the freedom and
grace found in the gospel.
Bible Study Class – Galatians
"learning to praising God with our joy in the liberty Christ gives."
The book of Galatians stands out as one of the Apostle Paul’s most passionate letters, written to help early Christians hold fast to the true gospel of grace. Paul’s heartfelt words remind us that our relationship with God is based on faith, not just our outward actions. As John Stott, an influential preacher and theologian, once said, “The gospel is not good advice to be obeyed, it is good news to be believed.” Galatians still calls out to every generation: hold on to the freedom you have in Christ.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
1: The Call to Freedom - Galatians 1:1-10
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice how Paul immediately establishes his divine authority rather than human credentials. Watch for the urgency in Paul's tone as he addresses a church being led astray. Observe the stark contrast Paul draws between the true gospel and any alternative message.
If you could only use three words to describe what makes something "authentic" versus "counterfeit," what would they be?
Think of a time when someone questioned your authority or expertise - how did you respond, and what did you use to back up your position?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 1:1-10 (NIV)
1 Paul, an apostle—sent not from men nor by a man, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead— 2 and all the brothers and sisters with me,
To the churches in Galatia:
3 Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, 4 who gave himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, 5 to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.
6 I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called you to live in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel— 7 which is really no gospel at all. Evidently some people are throwing you into confusion and are trying to pervert the gospel of Christ. 8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse! 9 As we have already said, so now I say again: If anybody is preaching to you a gospel other than what you accepted, let them be under God’s curse!
10 Am I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God? Or am I trying to please people? If I were still trying to please people, I would not be a servant of Christ.
Overview
Paul opens his letter to the Galatians with an urgent defense of both his apostolic calling and the gospel message itself. Writing to churches that were being influenced by Judaizers who insisted that Gentile converts must follow Jewish law, Paul establishes that his authority comes directly from God, not human appointment. This passage speaks powerfully to our current culture where truth is often viewed as relative and authority is questioned at every turn. As pastor and author John MacArthur observes: "The gospel is not a human philosophy that can be amended, edited, or improved upon by human wisdom. It is God's final word on salvation, and it stands or falls on its divine origin."
This May Surprise You
Many people assume that Paul's strong language in verse 8-9 about being "eternally condemned" seems harsh or unloving. However, Paul's intensity actually demonstrates his deep love for the Galatians. Just as a parent becomes most urgent when their child is in genuine danger, Paul uses strong language because false teaching about salvation literally puts souls at eternal risk. His repeated emphasis on the curse isn't vindictive but protective - he's warning against spiritual poison that appears beneficial but leads to spiritual death.
Seeds for Thought
1: Paul's apostleship came "not from men nor by a man, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father" (v. 1) Comment: Divine calling carries different weight than human appointment. When we understand that our faith and calling come from God rather than human institutions, we gain confidence that cannot be shaken by human criticism.
2: Grace and peace come from "God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ" (v. 3) Comment: Paul's greeting reminds us that spiritual blessings flow from the Trinity's work, not our own efforts. This sets the foundation for understanding grace-based rather than works-based salvation.
3: Christ "gave himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age" (v. 4) Comment: Jesus didn't just forgive our sins; He rescued us from an entire system of thinking and living that leads to death. This rescue is both complete and ongoing in our daily lives.
4: Paul is "astonished" that they are "so quickly deserting" the gospel (v. 6) Comment: False teaching works rapidly, often catching believers off guard. Paul's surprise teaches us to be vigilant about protecting the truth we've received.
Take-Home Thought
This passage reveals God's heart for authentic relationship with His people, unmediated by human religious systems. Throughout history, humans have consistently tried to add requirements to God's simple offer of grace, whether through ritual, moral performance, or religious hierarchy. Paul's passionate defense of the gospel reminds us that God's plan has always been to relate to us directly through Christ's finished work, not through our spiritual achievements.
The freedom Paul speaks of isn't just theological concept but a practical reality for daily living. When we truly grasp that our standing with God depends entirely on Christ's sacrifice rather than our performance, we're freed from the exhausting cycle of trying to earn God's approval. This freedom then empowers us to serve others from love rather than obligation, to face challenges with confidence rather than fear, and to extend grace to others because we've received it so abundantly ourselves. God's plan has always been relationship, not religion, and this passage calls us back to that beautiful simplicity.
Quote
"The gospel is not a suggestion; it's a proclamation. It doesn't come to us asking what we think about it; it comes demanding that we believe it." - Martyn Lloyd-Jones
"We must never separate what God has joined - His grace and His truth. Grace without truth is meaningless, and truth without grace is hopeless." - R.C. Sproul
Devotional Thought: “The Locked Gate”
An old man lived near a wide field with a tall gate at the edge. Every morning, he sat in his chair and watched people come to that gate. Some arrived carrying heavy bundles—books, rules, old burdens. Others came empty-handed, walking freely.
The gate had no lock, yet those with bundles kept trying to open it with keys and codes. They’d say, “We must earn our way through,” and they never made it far. But those who came with nothing but trust walked right through.
One day, a boy asked the old man, “Why does the gate open for some and not others?”
The man replied, “Because it was never meant to open by effort. The gate opens to those who trust the One who built it. He paid for it with His own blood. That’s grace. You can’t earn it, and you shouldn’t try.”
Paul writes in Galatians, “I want you to know that the gospel I preached is not of human origin” (Gal. 1:11, NIV). It is God’s gift, not man’s invention.
Martin Luther once said, “We are saved by faith alone, but the faith that saves is never alone.” It clings to grace, not law.
Don’t let anyone chain your freedom with rules God never wrote. The gate is open—because Jesus opened it.
Culture Connection
In today’s world, people are overwhelmed with messages claiming to offer truth—from influencers and experts to news outlets and even well-meaning friends. We live in a time when it's easy for man-made ideas to sound good, feel right, and lead people away from the true gospel. Paul's message in Galatians reminds us that God's truth is not something we invent, tweak, or market. It's not shaped by popularity or personal opinion. Even now, as believers in an ever-changing culture, we’re called to hold firm to the unchanging message of grace—that salvation is God's gift, not something earned or improved by human wisdom.
Biblical Connections
Paul’s defense of his calling and the gospel echoes several other key scriptures:
Acts 9:1–19 – Paul’s dramatic conversion and calling, which supports his claim that his apostleship is from God, not people.
Romans 1:1 – Paul again asserts that he is called by God to be an apostle, reinforcing the divine origin of his mission.
Ephesians 2:8–9 – “For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith...” This supports his reminder that salvation is not man-made but a gift from God.
2 Corinthians 11:3–4 – Paul warns against accepting a different gospel, just as he does in Galatians 1.
Deuteronomy 4:2 – “Do not add to what I command you...” This Old Testament warning complements Paul’s concern about changing the gospel.
Thought Pattern 1: CLARITY IN TRUTH
Description: A mindset that looks to God's Word for truth, not trends or opinions. It discerns carefully rather than accepting messages at face value.
Reference: Galatians 1:10 – “Am I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God?”
Comment: This mindset helps believers stay grounded, especially when teachings become diluted or distorted. It invites us to pursue faithfulness rather than popularity—living in a way that pleases God, even if the world doesn’t understand.
Thought Pattern 2: FREEDOM IN GRACE
Description: A posture of rest and confidence in God’s grace, rather than striving to earn His approval or measure up to others.
Reference: Galatians 1:6 – Paul is “astonished” they are turning to a different gospel, losing sight of the freedom found in Christ.
Comment: Embracing grace allows us to live with less fear and more peace. It shapes a community of believers who encourage each other with kindness and humility, not judgment or pressure. Especially for those in later seasons of life, this freedom brings deep joy and assurance.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
2: A Divine Revelation - Galatians 1:11-24
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice how Paul emphasizes that his gospel message came through direct revelation from Jesus Christ, not human teaching. Watch for the dramatic contrast between Paul's life before and after his encounter with Christ. Observe how God's timing and preparation worked even through Paul's opposition to the church.
Can you think of a moment in your life when you had to completely change your mind about something important - what convinced you to change course?
If someone asked you to describe the biggest turning in your spiritual journey in just two sentences, what would you say?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 1:11-24 (NIV)
11 I want you to know, brothers and sisters, that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. 12 I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ.
13 For you have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism, how intensely I persecuted the church of God and tried to destroy it. 14 I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people and was extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers. 15 But when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by his grace, was pleased 16 to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach him among the Gentiles, my immediate response was not to consult any human being. 17 I did not go up to Jerusalem to see those who were apostles before I was, but I went into Arabia. Later I returned to Damascus.
18 Then after three years, I went up to Jerusalem to get acquainted with Cephas and stayed with him fifteen days. 19 I saw none of the other apostles—only James, the Lord’s brother. 20 I assure you before God that what I am writing you is no lie.
21 Then I went to Syria and Cilicia. 22 I was personally unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. 23 They only heard the report: “The man who formerly persecuted us is now preaching the faith he once tried to destroy.” 24 And they praised God because of me.
Overview
Paul continues building his case by sharing his personal testimony, demonstrating that his gospel message didn't come from human sources but through direct revelation from Jesus Christ. He recounts his dramatic transformation from a zealous persecutor of Christians to a passionate apostle, emphasizing that this change could only have come from God's intervention. This passage speaks directly to our culture's fascination with personal transformation stories and the search for authentic spiritual experience. As evangelist Billy Graham once said: "The Bible is not man's word about God, but God's word about man. And when God speaks to the human heart through His Word, transformation is not just possible - it's inevitable."
This May Surprise You
Many people assume that Paul's time in Arabia (v. 17) was a period of quiet retreat and study. However, Paul likely spent this time actively preaching and establishing churches, not in peaceful meditation. The word "Arabia" referred to the Nabataean kingdom, a bustling area of trade and diverse populations. Paul's later reference to escaping Damascus in a basket (2 Corinthians 11:32-33) suggests his Arabian ministry created enough controversy that King Aretas wanted him arrested. God often uses our "preparation periods" as times of active ministry, not passive waiting.
Seeds for Thought
1: "The gospel I preached is not of human origin. I did not receive it from any man" (v. 11-12) Comment: Paul's message carried authority because it came directly from the source. When God speaks to us through His Word today, we can trust it with the same confidence, knowing it originates from divine wisdom rather than human opinion.
2: "I was extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers" (v. 14) Comment: Paul's pre-conversion zeal wasn't for evil things but for what he believed was right according to his religious training. This reminds us that sincerity alone isn't enough - we need truth to guide our passion.
3: "God, who set me apart from my mother's womb and called me by his grace" (v. 15) Comment: God's calling often begins long before we recognize it. Even our mistakes and wrong turns can be part of His preparation process, as He works all things together for His purposes.
4: "I went into Arabia, and later returned to Damascus" (v. 17) Comment: Paul didn't immediately rush to the established apostles for approval or training. Sometimes God calls us to step out in faith based on what He's already shown us, trusting Him to provide further guidance as we obey.
5: "They praised God because of me" (v. 24) Comment: The ultimate test of authentic transformation is that it brings glory to God rather than to ourselves. When people see genuine change in our lives, their natural response should be to praise the One who made it possible.
Take-Home Thought
Paul's testimony reveals a fundamental truth about how God works in human lives: He specializes in radical transformation that defies human explanation. Paul wasn't gradually convinced to change his mind about Christianity through persuasive arguments or positive experiences with Christians. Instead, he encountered the risen Christ directly, and this encounter completely reoriented his understanding of truth, purpose, and identity. This reminds us that genuine spiritual transformation is ultimately God's work, not the result of human effort or persuasion.
What makes Paul's story particularly encouraging is that God didn't waste any part of his pre-conversion experience. Paul's deep knowledge of Jewish law, his passion for truth, his organizational skills, and even his understanding of persecution all became tools in God's hands for advancing the gospel. This teaches us that God can redeem and repurpose even our most misguided efforts when we surrender them to Him. No past failure, wrong turn, or misplaced zeal is beyond God's ability to transform into something beautiful and useful for His kingdom. Our personal testimonies, like Paul's, become powerful evidence of God's grace and serve to encourage others who may feel their past disqualifies them from God's purposes.
Quote
"God does not call the qualified; He qualifies the called. Paul's greatest qualification was his complete transformation by the power of Christ." - Charles Spurgeon
"The same Jesus who met Paul on the Damascus road still meets people today in the pages of Scripture, in the quiet of prayer, and in the circumstances of life. He is still in the transformation business." - Warren Wiersbe
Devotional Thought: “The Cracked Pot”
There once was a potter who made many fine vessels. But one day, a pot slipped from the shelf and cracked down the middle. The crack was deep, and the pot no longer held water. The other pots whispered, “It’s useless now.” So the pot sat in silence, dusty and forgotten.
One morning, the potter came into the shop, picked up the broken pot, and began to work. He filled the crack with gold, sealed it with care, and placed it in the sunlight. What once looked ruined now shone with beauty.
Travelers came from far away just to see it. “That one,” the potter would say, “was broken. But now, it tells a better story.”
In Galatians 1:13-16, Paul writes, “For you have heard of my previous way of life… But when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me…” (NIV).
Paul had a past—one filled with pride and persecution. But God didn’t erase it. He redeemed it. Paul’s transformation wasn't from good to better; it was from blind to seeing.
As Charles Spurgeon said, “Every saint has a past, and every sinner has a future.”
God still uses cracked pots. The gold is His grace, and the beauty is in the change.
Culture Connection
In a world that often defines people by their past, Paul’s story stands out. Today, many carry labels—based on mistakes, missed chances, or backgrounds that feel hard to overcome. But God doesn’t work that way. Through Paul, we see that transformation doesn’t come from self-improvement or public opinion. It comes from divine revelation—God reaching into a life and turning it around completely. That message is powerful today, especially for those who feel overlooked or stuck. The gospel reminds us that no one is too far gone, and real change begins with hearing and responding to God's call.
Biblical Connections
Acts 9:1–6 – Paul’s encounter with Christ on the road to Damascus, which begins his transformation.
Jeremiah 1:5 – “Before I formed you in the womb I knew you…” Paul’s calling, like the prophets’, began long before his ministry.
1 Timothy 1:12–16 – Paul openly reflects on his past and how God’s grace shaped his future.
Isaiah 43:18–19 – “Forget the former things; do not dwell on the past…” echoes God’s ability to do something new, just as He did with Paul.
Romans 8:30 – Those God calls, He also equips—Paul's journey fits this pattern.
Thought Pattern 1: GOD’S INITIATIVE
Description: A way of thinking that recognizes God's hand in life, even before we notice it ourselves. It’s a mindset that listens for God’s call and expects Him to lead.
Reference: Galatians 1:15 – “But when God… set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by his grace...”
Comment: This mindset helps believers look back on their lives with greater understanding and hope. It invites trust—that even through our faults and failures, God is still at work. It also reminds us that our value isn’t earned, it’s given.
Thought Pattern 2: HUMBLE TESTIMONY
Description: A habit of sharing one’s story honestly, not to impress, but to point to God’s grace.
Reference: Galatians 1:23–24 – “The man who formerly persecuted us is now preaching the faith...”
Comment: This attitude inspires connection and encouragement within the church. It says, “If God could reach me, He can reach anyone.” Especially among older adults, testimonies of change and grace carry deep weight—they're living proof that the gospel still moves hearts.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
3: The Gospel and the Apostles - Galatians 2:1-10
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice how Paul presents his gospel to the Jerusalem apostles for confirmation, not approval. Watch for the tension between those who wanted to add requirements to salvation and those who defended grace alone. Observe how the apostles' recognition of Paul's ministry demonstrates the unity of the true gospel message.
When you're unsure about an important decision, who are the two or three people you most trust to give you honest feedback?
Have you ever been in a situation where you had to stand up for what you believed was right, even when others disagreed - what gave you the courage to do so?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 2:1-10 (NIV)
1 Then after fourteen years, I went up again to Jerusalem, this time with Barnabas. I took Titus along also. 2 I went in response to a revelation and, meeting privately with those esteemed as leaders, I presented to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. I wanted to be sure I was not running and had not been running my race in vain. 3 Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek. 4 This matter arose because some false believers had infiltrated our ranks to spy on the freedom we have in Christ Jesus and to make us slaves. 5 We did not give in to them for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you.
6 As for those who were held in high esteem—whatever they were makes no difference to me; God does not show favoritism—they added nothing to my message. 7 On the contrary, they recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised. 8 For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. 9 James, Cephas and John, those esteemed as pillars, gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship when they recognized the grace given to me. They agreed that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcised. 10 All they asked was that we should continue to remember the poor, the very thing I had been eager to do all along.
Overview
Paul recounts his pivotal meeting with the Jerusalem apostles, where the fundamental question of what's required for salvation was addressed head-on. Fourteen years after his conversion, Paul brings his gospel message before the established church leaders, not seeking their permission but confirming their unity in the message of grace. The passage reveals the early church grappling with the same question every generation faces: Is Jesus enough, or must we add human requirements to God's gift of salvation? This struggle resonates deeply in our contemporary culture where people often feel they must earn their worth through performance, achievement, or moral behavior. As theologian John Stott observed: "The gospel is not good advice to be obeyed, but good news to be believed. Paul's confrontation in Jerusalem established this truth as the foundation of Christian faith for all generations."
This May Surprise You
The phrase "false believers had infiltrated our ranks" (v. 4) reveals something many don't realize about the early church: not everyone who claimed to follow Christ actually understood or embraced the gospel. These weren't obvious enemies from the outside but people within the church who appeared genuine yet sought to add requirements to salvation. This teaches us that the greatest threats to gospel truth often come from within religious circles, where partial truth mixed with human additions can be more dangerous than outright opposition. These infiltrators weren't trying to destroy Christianity but to "improve" it by adding law-keeping to grace.
Seeds for Thought
1: Paul went up to Jerusalem "in response to a revelation" (v. 2) Comment: Even in seeking confirmation from other apostles, Paul was guided by divine direction rather than human pressure. God sometimes calls us to seek counsel and unity, but always under His leading rather than from insecurity or people-pleasing.
2: "I presented to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles" (v. 2) Comment: Paul wasn't asking permission to preach his message but demonstrating its consistency with apostolic teaching. Truth doesn't need to be defended as much as it needs to be clearly presented.
3: "Not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised" (v. 3) Comment: Titus became the test case proving that Gentiles could be fully accepted without adopting Jewish customs. Sometimes our lives become living demonstrations of gospel truth for others to observe.
4: "We did not give in to them for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved" (v. 5) Comment: Compromise on core gospel truth isn't loving or peaceful - it's dangerous. Paul's firmness preserved freedom for all future Gentile believers, showing that some battles are worth fighting.
5: "They recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised" (v. 7) Comment: The Jerusalem apostles didn't just tolerate Paul's ministry; they recognized God's hand upon it. True spiritual authority is ultimately confirmed by divine results rather than human credentials.
6: "They asked us to remember the poor" (v. 10) Comment: Gospel unity naturally expresses itself in practical care for those in need. Theological agreement that doesn't lead to compassionate action remains incomplete.
Take-Home Thought
This passage reveals God's heart for unity based on truth rather than compromise based on human preferences. The Jerusalem meeting could have gone in several directions: the apostles might have insisted that all converts follow Jewish law, or Paul might have compromised his message to maintain peace. Instead, they discovered that the same Holy Spirit who worked through Peter among the Jews was working through Paul among the Gentiles, confirming that salvation by grace alone was God's plan for all people.
The broader implications reach far beyond the first century. Paul's stand in Jerusalem established the principle that the gospel doesn't need human additions or cultural modifications to be complete or effective. Every generation faces pressure to make Christianity more acceptable by adding contemporary requirements - whether intellectual sophistication, social activism, moral performance, or religious ritual. Paul's example teaches us that the gospel's power lies precisely in its simplicity: Christ's finished work is sufficient for salvation, period. This doesn't diminish the importance of good works or spiritual growth, but it establishes them as the result of salvation rather than the requirement for it. When we truly grasp this truth, it frees us to serve God from gratitude rather than obligation, and to extend the same grace to others that we've received from Him.
Quote
"The gospel is so simple that small children can understand it, and it is so profound that studies by the wisest theologians will never exhaust its riches. Paul's defense of this gospel in Jerusalem secured its purity for all generations." - J.I. Packer
"Grace is not opposed to effort; it's opposed to earning. Paul's confrontation with the Judaizers wasn't about whether Christians should live holy lives, but about what makes us acceptable to God." - Dallas Willard
Devotional Thought: “The Recipe”
A grandmother was known for her famous biscuits—light, golden, and always perfect. Her grandchildren often tried to copy her recipe, but no matter how closely they followed it, theirs always turned out a little off.
One day, a new neighbor asked, “What’s your secret?”
The grandmother smiled and said, “I use the same ingredients, but I don’t add anything extra. No shortcuts. No substitutions. Just what’s needed, and nothing more.”
In Galatians 2:6, Paul says, “As for those who were held in high esteem... they added nothing to my message.” Paul had brought the same gospel to the apostles in Jerusalem—the good news of salvation by grace through faith—and they saw it was the same recipe. Nothing needed to be changed, added, or taken away.
It didn’t matter whether someone came from a Jewish background or a Gentile one. The message was the same: Jesus saves, not the law.
John Stott once wrote, “The gospel is not good advice to be obeyed, it is good news to be believed.”
We don’t have to dress up the gospel with rules or rituals. The unity comes not from traditions, but from truth. Whether old or new, near or far, the real gospel always points to Christ—and never to ourselves.
Let’s not forget the recipe. Grace alone. Faith alone. Christ alone.
Culture Connection
Today, many people feel the pressure to measure up—through social expectations, achievements, or even religious practices. There's often a sense that if we’re "good enough" or “follow the rules,” then we earn approval. But Galatians 2 reminds us that salvation isn’t earned—it’s received by faith. Paul’s meeting with the apostles shows that, even among leaders, grace remains the heart of the message. In a culture that values performance and appearances, the gospel gives permission to rest—to know that we are accepted because of Christ, not because of what we do.
Biblical Connections
Acts 15:1–11 – The Jerusalem Council, where the early church confirmed that Gentiles are saved by grace, not by observing Jewish law
Romans 3:28 – “For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law”
Ephesians 4:3–6 – Paul emphasizes unity: “one body… one Spirit… one Lord…”—just as he and the other apostles affirmed one gospel
John 17:20–23 – Jesus prays for unity among believers; Paul’s meeting with the apostles reflects this answered prayer
Titus 3:5 – “He saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy”
Thought Pattern 1: GOSPEL UNITY
Description: A way of thinking that embraces fellow believers not based on background or tradition, but on shared faith in Christ
Reference: Galatians 2:9 – “James, Cephas and John... gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship...”
Comment: This mindset encourages harmony in the church, even among different generations or experiences. It reminds us that what holds us together isn’t uniformity—it’s Jesus. When we focus on the gospel, we build bridges, not walls.
Thought Pattern 2: CONFIDENCE IN GRACE
Description: A posture that trusts God’s work more than our own efforts. It lets go of fear about whether we’ve “done enough.”
Reference: Galatians 2:4–5 – Paul refuses to give in to those who want to add rules to the gospel, protecting the freedom believers have
Comment: This way of thinking brings peace, especially in the later stages of life. Instead of tallying up good deeds, we rest in the truth that grace covers us. It allows us to look forward with assurance, not anxiety.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
4: Defending the Gospel - Galatians 2:11-21
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice how Peter's actions contradicted his beliefs about the gospel, and how Paul confronted this inconsistency directly. Watch for the distinction Paul makes between justification by faith and justification by works of the law. Observe how Paul's personal testimony about being "crucified with Christ" becomes the foundation for consistent gospel living.
Have you ever caught yourself acting differently around certain groups of people than you do with your close friends - what causes us to do that?
When someone you respect makes a mistake that affects others, how do you decide whether to address it privately or publicly?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 2:11-21 (NIV)
11 When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. 12 For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group. 13 The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray.
14 When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of them all, “You are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. How is it, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?
15 “We who are Jews by birth and not sinful Gentiles 16 know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no one will be justified.
17 “But if, in seeking to be justified in Christ, we Jews find ourselves also among the sinners, doesn’t that mean that Christ promotes sin? Absolutely not! 18 If I rebuild what I destroyed, then I really would be a lawbreaker.
19 “For through the law I died to the law so that I might live for God. 20 I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. 21 I do not set aside the grace of God, for if righteousness could be gained through the law, Christ died for nothing!”
Overview
Paul recounts a dramatic confrontation with the apostle Peter in Antioch, where Peter's fear of criticism led him to withdraw from fellowship with Gentile believers. This incident reveals that even mature believers can fall into the trap of living inconsistently with gospel truth when social pressure mounts. Paul's public correction of Peter demonstrates that the gospel's integrity is more important than personal relationships or political peace. This passage speaks powerfully to our current culture where peer pressure, social media influence, and the desire for acceptance often cause people to compromise their stated values. As pastor Tim Keller observed: "The gospel is not just about how we get saved; it's about how we live every day. When we understand that our acceptance with God is based on Christ's performance rather than our own, it frees us to be authentic in every relationship and situation."
This May Surprise You
Many people assume Paul was being harsh or divisive by confronting Peter publicly rather than privately. However, Paul's public correction was actually the loving response because Peter's hypocrisy was public and was influencing other believers to act inconsistently with the gospel. Even Barnabas, Paul's trusted ministry partner, was "led astray by their hypocrisy" (v. 13). When leaders act in ways that contradict gospel truth, especially when it influences others to do the same, public correction becomes necessary to protect the wider community. Paul wasn't attacking Peter personally but defending the gospel that both Jewish and Gentile believers needed to hear clearly.
Seeds for Thought
1: "When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face" (v. 11) Comment: Paul didn't gossip about Peter's inconsistency or ignore it to keep peace. True love sometimes requires direct confrontation when core truth is at stake, even with respected leaders.
2: "He used to eat with the Gentiles. But when certain men came from James, he began to draw back" (v. 12) Comment: Peter's fear of criticism from the Jerusalem church caused him to act against his own convictions. Social pressure can make us betray what we know to be true about God's acceptance of all people.
3: "The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray" (v. 13) Comment: Inconsistent behavior by leaders has a ripple effect, influencing others to act against their convictions. Our actions often speak louder than our stated beliefs.
4: "How is it that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?" (v. 14) Comment: Peter's withdrawal sent the message that Gentiles needed to become culturally Jewish to be fully accepted. Sometimes our actions communicate requirements that the gospel doesn't actually impose.
5: "We know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ" (v. 16) Comment: Paul restates the fundamental truth that our right standing with God comes through faith alone, not through cultural conformity or religious performance.
6: "I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me" (v. 20) Comment: Paul's secret to consistent gospel living was understanding that his old identity had died and been replaced by Christ's life within him. This identity shift changes everything about how we relate to pressure and criticism.
Take-Home Thought
This confrontation between Paul and Peter reveals something profound about human nature and gospel truth: even the most mature believers can fall into the trap of living inconsistently when social pressure mounts. Peter knew theologically that Gentiles were fully accepted by God through faith, but when criticism came from influential Jews, he acted as if their acceptance required additional cultural conformity. His behavior contradicted his beliefs, and this inconsistency threatened to undermine the gospel's power in the lives of other believers.
Paul's response teaches us that defending gospel truth sometimes requires uncomfortable conversations and difficult stands. The gospel isn't just a doctrine to believe but a reality to live consistently, regardless of who's watching or what they might think. When we truly understand that our identity and acceptance come from being "crucified with Christ," we're freed from the exhausting cycle of trying to manage different people's expectations or earn various groups' approval. Christ's life within us becomes the source of our confidence and the foundation of our consistency. This doesn't make us insensitive to others' feelings, but it does anchor us in a truth that's more reliable than human opinion. The freedom Paul describes isn't just theological but intensely practical - it enables us to love others authentically because we're no longer desperately seeking their validation, and it empowers us to stand for truth even when it costs us socially or relationally.
Quote
"The truth of the gospel is too important to be sacrificed on the altar of human approval or social acceptance. Paul's confrontation with Peter reminds us that consistency with gospel truth must take precedence over personal comfort." - Martyn Lloyd-Jones
"Christian liberty is not the freedom to do what we want, but the freedom to do what we ought. When we're secure in Christ's acceptance, we're liberated to live authentically rather than performing for others' approval." - R.C. Sproul
Devotional Thought: “Two Tables”
At a large family reunion, there were two tables. One was set outside, simple and welcoming, with mismatched chairs and plenty of space. The other, indoors, had fine china, a long list of rules, and only a few seats.
At first, everyone ate together outside. Laughter filled the air. But slowly, a few people moved inside. They said the outdoor table was “too casual” and started whispering about who really belonged. Before long, even some of the kindest folks began pulling up chairs inside, avoiding the ones they used to sit with.
One day, a cousin stood up and said, “Why are we pretending? We were all invited by grace. None of us earned our seat.”
In Galatians 2:14, Paul says, “When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel...” He confronted Peter—not out of pride, but out of love for the truth. Peter had let fear and pressure pull him away from the freedom Christ gave. He started living as if the law, not grace, made people right with God.
As Dietrich Bonhoeffer wrote, “Cheap grace is the grace we bestow on ourselves… Costly grace is the gospel which must be sought again and again.”
Let’s not switch tables because of fear, pride, or comfort. Grace is the only reason we’re all here. Let’s live like it.
Culture Connection
In our day, it’s common to see people act one way in public and another behind closed doors. Social pressures often make folks change how they behave depending on who’s watching. Paul’s challenge to Peter is timeless—it speaks directly to that tendency. Even in the church, there can be quiet tensions between tradition, expectations, and grace. This passage reminds us that if we truly believe the gospel is rooted in grace, then our actions—toward everyone—should reflect that. Consistency matters. The Christian life isn’t about appearances but about living truthfully, especially when it’s uncomfortable.
Biblical Connections
James 2:1–4 – Warns against favoritism; like Peter’s behavior, it challenges hypocrisy when dealing with different groups.
Matthew 23:27–28 – Jesus confronts the Pharisees about outward appearance vs. inward truth—similar to Paul’s correction of Peter.
Romans 6:14 – “You are not under law, but under grace”—reinforces Paul’s message about freedom from legalism.
Proverbs 27:5–6 – “Better is open rebuke than hidden love…” Paul’s confrontation is a model of truth spoken in love.
1 Corinthians 5:6–7 – Calls out the dangers of hypocrisy in the body of Christ and its effect on others.
Thought Pattern 1: AUTHENTIC LIVING
Description: A mindset that aligns actions with beliefs—treating others with consistent grace, no matter the audience.
Reference: Galatians 2:14 – Paul saw that Peter “was not acting in line with the truth of the gospel.”
Comment: Living authentically helps believers build genuine community. It encourages humility and accountability, rather than putting on a show. For older Christians especially, it's a legacy worth leaving: a life of integrity that shows younger generations what grace truly looks like in action.
Thought Pattern 2: CHRIST-CENTERED IDENTITY
Description: A habit of thinking that rests in Christ’s work, not human approval or religious status.
Reference: Galatians 2:20 – “I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me…”
Comment: This mindset brings peace and strength. It helps believers stay grounded, not tossed around by opinions or old fears. It reminds us that who we are in Christ matters more than any tradition or rule. That’s a freeing truth, especially as life slows down and we look toward what really lasts.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
5: The True Gospel vs. Legalism - Galatians 3:1-14
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice Paul's urgent, almost exasperated tone as he questions the Galatians' shift from faith to works. Watch for how Paul uses Abraham's example to show that righteousness has always come through faith, not law-keeping. Observe the contrast Paul draws between the blessing of faith and the curse of trying to earn salvation through perfect obedience.
Think of something you learned to do well - riding a bike, cooking, or a skill at work. After you mastered it, did you ever go back to doing it the hard way you started with?
If someone gave you a beautiful, expensive gift and then asked you to pay them back for it, how would that change how you felt about the gift?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 3:1-14 (NIV)
1 You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified. 2 I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard? 3 Are you so foolish? After beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh? 4 Have you experienced so much in vain—if it really was in vain? 5 So again I ask, does God give you his Spirit and work miracles among you by the works of the law, or by your believing what you heard? 6 So also Abraham “believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”
7 Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham. 8 Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.” 9 So those who rely on faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.
10 For all who rely on the works of the law are under a curse, as it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.” 11 Clearly no one who relies on the law is justified before God, because “the righteous will live by faith.” 12 The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, it says, “The person who does these things will live by them.” 13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.” 14 He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.
Overview
Paul confronts the Galatians with a series of pointed questions designed to expose the foolishness of abandoning grace for legalism. Having begun their Christian life through faith in Christ's finished work, they were now being convinced that spiritual maturity required adding law-keeping to their faith. Paul demonstrates that this backwards approach contradicts both their personal experience and biblical history, using Abraham as the prime example that righteousness has always been a gift received through faith rather than a wage earned through works. This passage speaks directly to our performance-driven culture where people constantly feel they must prove their worth through achievement, moral behavior, or religious activity. As theologian Michael Horton writes: "The gospel is not that we do something for God, but that God has done something for us. The Galatians' mistake was thinking that grace gets us started but works keep us going - when actually grace sustains us from beginning to end."
This May Surprise You
When Paul says "Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us" (v. 13), many people think this means the law itself was evil or that God was angry at Jesus. Actually, the law was holy and good, but it revealed humanity's inability to perfectly obey God's standards. The "curse" wasn't God's arbitrary punishment but the natural consequence of falling short of perfect righteousness. Christ didn't become evil or sinful, but He bore the consequences of our moral failures so we could receive the blessing of righteousness we could never earn. This wasn't God punishing an innocent victim, but God in Christ taking upon Himself what our rebellion deserved.
Seeds for Thought
1: "You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you?" (v. 1) Comment: Paul's strong language reflects his genuine concern for people he loves who are being deceived. Sometimes the most loving thing we can do is speak directly about spiritual danger, even if it seems harsh.
2: "Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard?" (v. 2) Comment: Paul appeals to their own experience - the Holy Spirit came to them through faith, not through law-keeping. Our personal testimony of how God has worked in our lives often provides the clearest evidence of gospel truth.
3: "Having begun by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh?" (v. 3) Comment: It's illogical to think that what God began through His power somehow needs our human effort to complete. Spiritual growth, like salvation itself, depends on God's grace working in us.
4: "Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness" (v. 6) Comment: Even before the law was given, people were made right with God through faith. This proves that law-keeping was never God's plan for salvation - faith in His promises always was.
5: "Those who rely on the works of the law are under a curse" (v. 10) Comment: The law demands perfect obedience, which no one can provide. Trying to earn salvation through law-keeping puts us under pressure to achieve what's impossible rather than receiving what's freely offered.
6: "Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us" (v. 13) Comment: Jesus didn't just teach us how to keep the law better; He took upon Himself the consequences of our law-breaking so we could receive God's blessing as a gift.
7: "So that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus" (v. 14) Comment: God's plan was always to bless all nations through faith, not to create different requirements for different people groups.
Take-Home Thought
This passage exposes one of the most persistent temptations in Christian life: the subtle shift from trusting Christ's finished work to trusting our own spiritual performance. The Galatians didn't abandon Christianity or start worshiping idols; they simply added law-keeping to faith as a requirement for maintaining their relationship with God. This seemed logical and even spiritual to them, but Paul calls it foolishness because it misunderstands the very nature of how God relates to humanity.
Paul's argument reveals that legalism isn't just wrong theology but a practical impossibility. The law requires perfect obedience, which means that anyone trying to earn God's acceptance through rule-keeping must keep every commandment perfectly all the time. One failure brings condemnation, making the whole enterprise hopeless from the start. In contrast, faith receives God's gift of righteousness based on Christ's perfect obedience rather than our imperfect efforts. This isn't "cheap grace" that ignores sin's seriousness, but costly grace that required Christ's sacrificial death to provide what we couldn't achieve ourselves. Understanding this truth transforms our entire approach to Christian living - we obey God not to earn His favor but because we already have it, not from fear of punishment but from gratitude for forgiveness, not to become righteous but because we've been declared righteous through faith. This freedom energizes genuine spiritual growth because it's motivated by love rather than driven by obligation.
Quote
"The law sends us to the gospel to be justified, and the gospel sends us to the law to be sanctified. But we must never confuse the order or think that law-keeping contributes to our justification." - John Newton
"Faith is not our savior. It was not faith that was born at Bethlehem and died on Golgotha for us. It was not faith that loved us and gave itself for us. Faith is precious only as the hand that receives Christ." - B.B. Warfield
Devotional Thought: “The Ladder”
A man once dreamed he was standing at the base of a tall ladder, stretching all the way up into the clouds. At the top, he saw a glimpse of heaven—peace, light, and joy. A sign at the bottom read: “Climb if you can.”
So, he climbed. One step, then another. He tried hard—reading more, doing more, helping more. But the higher he went, the heavier his burden felt. Eventually, the ladder shook beneath him. He looked down—afraid—and realized he hadn’t gotten far at all.
Then, he heard a voice beside him. It was Jesus. “Why are you climbing?” He asked. “I’ve already come down. You don’t need a ladder. You need Me.”
Paul wrote to the Galatians, “Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard?” (Galatians 3:2, NIV). The answer is simple: by faith.
Trying to earn our way to God is like climbing a ladder with no top. We don’t reach Him by effort. We receive Him by trusting in what Christ already did.
As A.W. Tozer said, “Faith is the gaze of a soul upon a saving God.”
Let’s stop climbing and start trusting. Jesus didn’t hand us a ladder. He gave us a cross—and with it, grace enough for all.
Culture Connection
Modern culture often values achievement—whether it's working hard, earning respect, or reaching certain milestones. Even in religious circles, there's sometimes pressure to “prove” our faith through behavior or tradition. But Paul’s message in Galatians is clear: no one is justified by following rules or rituals. The gospel offers something far more freeing—a relationship built on grace, not effort. This truth matters today, especially for those who may feel their usefulness has faded. Faith is not about keeping up, but about trusting in what Christ has already done.
Biblical Connections
Genesis 15:6 – “Abram believed the Lord, and he credited it to him as righteousness”
Habakkuk 2:4 – “The righteous will live by his faith”—quoted directly in Galatians 3:11
Romans 4:2–5 – Paul again explains that justification comes through faith, not deeds
Philippians 3:9 – Paul desires righteousness “through faith in Christ”—not from the law
Ephesians 2:8–9 – “It is by grace you have been saved, through faith… not by works”
Thought Pattern 1: TRUST OVER TRYING
Description: A mindset that depends on God’s promises rather than our performance. It releases the burden of always trying to “measure up.”
Reference: Galatians 3:2 – “Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard?”
Comment: This mindset brings peace and rest to the Christian life. Especially in later years, it lets us reflect with confidence—not worrying whether we've done enough, but knowing that Christ’s work is enough.
Thought Pattern 2: RECEIVING WITH GRATITUDE
Description: A habit of heart that welcomes God’s grace humbly, without feeling the need to earn it.
Reference: Galatians 3:14 – “He redeemed us… so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit”
Comment: This perspective helps build a grateful spirit. It shapes prayer, relationships, and outlook. Instead of trying to “repay” God, we live with joy, knowing we are loved and accepted by Him already.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
6: The Promise of the Spirit - Galatians 3:15-29
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice how Paul uses the analogy of a human covenant to explain God's unchangeable promise to Abraham. Watch for the distinction between the temporary purpose of the law and the eternal nature of God's promise. Observe how Paul describes our transformation from being "under the law" to becoming "children of God" through faith in Christ.
When you were a child, what rules did your parents have that seemed restrictive then but you now understand were meant to protect or prepare you?
If you made a promise to someone 20 years ago, what would it take for that promise to become invalid today?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 3:15-29 (NIV)
15 Brothers and sisters, let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case. 16 The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. Scripture does not say “and to seeds,” meaning many people, but “and to your seed,” meaning one person, who is Christ. 17 What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise. 18 For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on the promise; but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise.
19 Why, then, was the law given at all? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was given through angels and entrusted to a mediator. 20 A mediator, however, implies more than one party; but God is one.
21 Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law. 22 But Scripture has locked up everything under the control of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.
23 Before the coming of this faith, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until the faith that was to come would be revealed. 24 So the law was our guardian until Christ came that we might be justified by faith. 25 Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.
26 So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.
Overview
Paul continues his argument against legalism by explaining the relationship between God's promise to Abraham and the law given through Moses. Using the familiar concept of a legal covenant, Paul demonstrates that God's promise of blessing through faith cannot be cancelled or modified by the law that came 430 years later. He reveals that the law served as a temporary guardian, pointing people toward their need for Christ, but was never intended to be the permanent basis for relationship with God. This passage addresses our culture's confusion about rules, freedom, and spiritual maturity, showing that true spiritual growth comes not from external regulation but from the internal transformation that occurs when we become God's children through faith. As pastor John MacArthur explains: "The law was never meant to save us but to show us our need for salvation. It was like a tutor leading children to school - necessary for a time, but not the final destination."
This May Surprise You
When Paul says the law was "added because of transgressions" (v. 19), many people think this means God gave the law to make people sin more. Actually, the law was given to make people aware of their existing sinfulness - to show them that what they thought was acceptable behavior actually fell short of God's holy standards. The law didn't create sin; it revealed sin that was already there. Think of it like turning on a light in a dusty room - the light doesn't create the dust, but it makes visible what was already present. This revelation of sin wasn't meant to discourage people but to drive them to seek God's solution, which was always faith in His promise of salvation.
Seeds for Thought
1: "Even with a man-made covenant, no one can set it aside or add to it once it has been duly established" (v. 15) Comment: If human agreements are considered binding and unchangeable, how much more reliable is God's covenant promise. What God promised to Abraham through faith remains in effect regardless of what came later.
2: "The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God" (v. 17) Comment: God's original plan was always salvation by faith. The law didn't replace this plan but served a different purpose while pointing back to the original promise.
3: "Why, then, was the law given at all? It was added because of transgressions" (v. 19) Comment: The law wasn't God's Plan B when Plan A failed. It was always intended to reveal human sinfulness and drive people to seek God's solution through faith in His promise.
4: "The law was our guardian until Christ came" (v. 24) Comment: Like a strict tutor who prepares a child for adulthood, the law served to prepare humanity for the coming of Christ. Its restrictive nature was temporary and purposeful, not permanent.
5: "So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith" (v. 26) Comment: The relationship has fundamentally changed - from subjects under law to children in the family. This isn't just a legal status but a relational reality that changes everything about how God treats us.
6: "As many of you as were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ" (v. 27) Comment: Baptism symbolizes putting on a new identity - Christ's righteousness becomes our covering. We no longer stand before God in our own inadequacy but clothed in Christ's perfection.
7: "There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus" (v. 28) Comment: In Christ, the social and religious barriers that divided people are removed. Our common identity as God's children transcends all human distinctions and creates true unity.
Take-Home Thought
This passage reveals God's masterful plan that spans generations and transcends human understanding. What might appear to be God changing His mind - first promising salvation through faith to Abraham, then giving the law to Moses - is actually one cohesive plan unfolding over time. The promise came first and remains primary; the law served as a temporary but necessary preparation for Christ's coming. Understanding this sequence helps us see that legalism isn't just wrong but actually represents a step backward in God's plan rather than forward progress.
The transformation Paul describes is nothing short of revolutionary. Under the law, people related to God as subjects to a ruler, constantly aware of their failure to meet His standards and living under the threat of punishment for disobedience. In Christ, we become children in God's family, relating to Him as beloved sons and daughters who share His nature and inheritance. This doesn't make us careless about obedience, but it completely changes our motivation - we obey from love and gratitude rather than fear and obligation. The Spirit within us becomes our guide rather than external rules, and our identity shifts from "law-breaker trying to do better" to "beloved child learning to live out the family character." This transformation affects every aspect of how we view ourselves, relate to others, and understand our purpose in the world. We're no longer trying to earn our place in God's family; we're learning to live as the family members we already are through faith in Christ.
Quote
"The law drives us to the gospel, and the gospel brings us back to the law as the rule of our grateful obedience. The law prepares for grace, and grace fulfills the law." - Charles Spurgeon
"We are not just forgiven criminals, but adopted children. The difference is not merely legal but relational - it changes everything about how we understand God's heart toward us and our identity in Him." - Tim Keller
Devotional Thought: “The Family Name”
A young boy was adopted into a new family. On the day the papers were signed, the father knelt beside him and said, “From now on, you carry our name. Not because you earned it, but because we chose you. Nothing can change that.”
At first, the boy still tried to “deserve” his place—setting the table perfectly, keeping quiet, following every rule. He was afraid that one mistake might send him back. But one evening, after breaking a dish and hiding in shame, the father found him and said, “You don’t have to earn your way here. You're mine because I love you.”
Paul reminds us in Galatians 3:26, “So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith.” Not through rules. Not through rituals. Just faith.
The law had its place, like a guardian watching over children until they came of age. But now, the promise has come—and His name is Jesus.
Through Him, we receive the Holy Spirit, not as guests or servants, but as sons and daughters.
As J.I. Packer wrote, “Adoption is the highest privilege the gospel offers: higher even than justification.”
We belong—not because we behave, but because we believe. And once you carry the name of Christ, nothing can separate you from His love.
Culture Connection
Many today struggle with identity—wondering who they are, how they fit in, and whether they’ve done enough to belong. There's a pull in society toward self-definition, often based on accomplishments, appearance, or status. Galatians 3 shows us a different way: we are children of God not because of who we’ve become through effort, but because of the promise given to Abraham and fulfilled through Christ. That promise still stands, and it welcomes us in. In a world full of striving and division, this passage reminds us we belong by grace, and that the Spirit is given through faith—not rule-keeping or tradition.
Biblical Connections
Genesis 17:7 – God’s covenant with Abraham, which Paul says still carries through Christ
Romans 4:13–16 – Paul explains how faith, not law, makes us heirs of God’s promise
Acts 2:38–39 – The Holy Spirit is a gift to all who believe, just as Paul affirms here
John 1:12 – “To all who believed... he gave the right to become children of God”
Ephesians 1:13–14 – The Spirit is a seal of God’s promise for those who trust in Christ
Thought Pattern 1: INHERITANCE BY FAITH
Description: A mindset that rests in the certainty that what God has promised is ours—not because we’ve earned it, but because He is faithful.
Reference: Galatians 3:18 – “For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on the promise...”
Comment: This way of thinking removes the pressure of performance and invites awe at God's grace. It reshapes our identity—from “trying to be good enough” to “already loved and claimed.” That perspective brings joy, especially as we look back on life and forward to what’s still ahead.
Thought Pattern 2: UNITED IN CHRIST
Description: A habit of heart that sees all believers as one family, regardless of background or past.
Reference: Galatians 3:28 – “There is neither Jew nor Gentile... you are all one in Christ Jesus.”
Comment: This mindset fosters true fellowship—not based on similarity, but on shared faith. For older believers, it deepens connection across generations and encourages graceful inclusion of others who may feel “different” or new to faith. It’s a picture of the church living with open arms.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
7: Sons and Heirs - Galatians 4:1-7
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice Paul's comparison between childhood under guardians and full sonship with inheritance rights. Watch for the dramatic shift that occurs "when the set time had fully come" with Christ's arrival. Observe how the Spirit's presence in our hearts confirms our new identity as God's children, giving us the privilege to call God "Abba, Father."
Think about the difference between being a guest in someone's home versus being a family member - what changes about how you act and what you expect?
Can you remember a moment when you realized you had "grown up" and were being treated more like an adult than a child - what was that like?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:1-7 (NIV)
1 What I am saying is that as long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. 2 The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. 3 So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery under the elemental spiritual forces of the world. 4 But when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those under the law, that we might receive adoption to sonship. 6 Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, “Abba, Father.” 7 So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.
Overview
Paul uses the familiar Roman legal practice of childhood guardianship to illustrate humanity's relationship with God before and after Christ's coming. Just as a wealthy child might own great inheritance but remain under strict supervision until reaching maturity, humanity lived under the law's guardianship until God's perfect timing brought Christ to earth. Through Christ's work, believers have moved from the status of supervised children to fully recognized sons and daughters with complete access to their heavenly Father and His inheritance. This passage speaks powerfully to our culture's search for identity and belonging, showing that our deepest longing for acceptance and significance is met not through achievement or performance but through adoption into God's family. As pastor John Stott observed: "The gospel is not just about forgiveness of sins but about the restoration of sonship. We are not merely pardoned criminals but adopted children, with all the privileges and intimacy that relationship entails."
This May Surprise You
When Paul says we were "slaves to the elemental spiritual forces of the world" (v. 3), he's not just referring to pagan religious practices but to any system - including religious legalism - that keeps people in spiritual childhood rather than allowing them to mature into full relationship with God. Even the law, though given by God, could become an "elemental force" when treated as the final answer rather than a preparation for Christ. This means that rigid religious rule-following, even of biblical commands, can actually prevent spiritual maturity if it keeps us relating to God as fearful subjects rather than beloved children. The goal was never perfect law-keeping but intimate relationship with our heavenly Father.
Seeds for Thought
1: "As long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate" (v. 1) Comment: Legal ownership doesn't equal practical access. Before Christ, even God's chosen people lived under restrictions that prevented them from enjoying the full intimacy and freedom that would later be theirs through adoption.
2: "They are subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by the father" (v. 2) Comment: God's timing is perfect and purposeful. The period of preparation under the law wasn't punishment but necessary development, lasting exactly as long as God determined was needed.
3: "So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery under the elemental spiritual forces of the world" (v. 3) Comment: Both Jews under the law and Gentiles under pagan religions were in similar positions - living under systems that couldn't provide the intimate relationship with God that their hearts truly needed.
4: "But when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son" (v. 4) Comment: Christ's coming wasn't an emergency response to human failure but the fulfillment of God's eternal plan, timed perfectly according to His sovereign purpose.
5: "Born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those under the law" (v. 4-5) Comment: Jesus fully entered our human condition, including subjection to the law, so He could represent us perfectly and accomplish what we couldn't do ourselves.
6: "So that we might receive adoption to sonship" (v. 5) Comment: The goal wasn't just forgiveness but full family membership. Adoption in Roman culture gave children the same legal rights as biological children, including inheritance and family name.
7: "Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, 'Abba, Father'" (v. 6) Comment: The Holy Spirit within us confirms our new identity, giving us the confidence and intimacy to approach God as beloved children rather than fearful subjects.
Take-Home Thought
This passage reveals the breathtaking scope of what God accomplished through Christ - not just solving the problem of our sin but completely transforming our relationship with Him. The shift from slavery to sonship represents one of the most profound changes imaginable, affecting every aspect of how we understand ourselves, our purpose, and our future. Under the old system, people approached God with uncertainty, never quite sure if they had done enough to earn His approval. As His adopted children, we approach Him with confidence, knowing that our acceptance is based on His unchanging love rather than our variable performance.
The term "Abba, Father" that Paul mentions captures the intimacy of this new relationship. "Abba" was the Aramaic word children used for their fathers - not formal or distant, but warm and personal, similar to "Daddy" or "Papa" in English. The Spirit within us gives us the confidence to approach the Creator of the universe with this kind of intimate affection, not because we're presumptuous but because we've been genuinely adopted into His family. This doesn't diminish God's holiness or our reverence for Him, but it places both within the context of family love rather than merely legal obligation. As heirs, we don't just avoid punishment; we inherit God's kingdom and share in Christ's eternal glory. This future hope transforms our present perspective, giving us security that can't be shaken by circumstances, identity that can't be stolen by criticism, and purpose that transcends temporary setbacks. We live not as spiritual orphans trying to earn our way into God's family, but as beloved children learning to live out our true identity.
Quote
"The Spirit of adoption is the best evidence of our adoption. When we can call God Father with a believing confidence, we have the best proof that we are the children of God." - Matthew Henry
"We are not just servants who fear their master, but sons and daughters who love their Father. This changes everything about how we pray, how we live, and how we face both trials and triumphs." - Jerry Bridges
Devotional Thought: “The Empty Room”
There was once a large house with a small, locked room at the end of the hall. A young servant dusted the door every day but never entered. He had lived in the house his whole life but had always been told, “That room is not for you.”
One day, the master called him by name and handed him a key. “This was always meant to be yours,” he said. “You’re not just a servant—you’re my son.”
With trembling hands, the young man opened the door. Inside were photos, letters, and treasures—everything prepared for him long ago.
Paul writes in Galatians 4:7, “So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are His child, God has made you also an heir.” (NIV)
Many of us have spent years living like we’re just servants in God’s house—trying to earn His approval, following rules out of fear, not love. But Scripture tells us the truth: we are sons and daughters. Fully accepted. Deeply loved. Heirs to every promise in Christ.
As Tim Keller once said, “The only person who dares wake up a king at 3 a.m. for a glass of water is a child. We have that kind of access.”
You’re not just near God—you belong to Him. And that changes everything.
Culture Connection
In today's world, many struggle with identity and worth—wondering if they truly belong, or if they’ve done enough to be accepted. This can be especially true in later life, when roles and routines have shifted. Galatians 4 brings a strong reassurance: in Christ, our identity is secure. We're not just forgiven—we're embraced as family. We don’t live under guilt or endless effort to keep up with rules. Instead, we live as sons and daughters, invited to rest in relationship. That truth cuts through today’s noise and reminds us that our value is defined by God's love, not our performance.
Biblical Connections
Romans 8:15–17 – “...you received the Spirit of adoption by which we cry, ‘Abba, Father.’”
John 1:12–13 – Those who believe in Christ are given the right to become children of God.
Ephesians 1:5 – “He predestined us for adoption to sonship through Jesus Christ…”
2 Corinthians 5:17 – “If anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come…” pointing to our new identity.
Titus 3:7 – “...having been justified by his grace, we might become heirs having the hope of eternal life.”
Thought Pattern 1: CHILDLIKE CONFIDENCE
Description: A mindset that approaches God as a loving Father—not with fear, but with trust and openness.
Reference: Galatians 4:6 – “Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, ‘Abba, Father.’”
Comment: This way of thinking brings emotional closeness to faith—it’s not distant, it’s personal. It encourages prayer that feels like conversation, and a faith that rests in God’s care, especially when life feels uncertain or quiet.
Thought Pattern 2: INHERITANCE OF HOPE
Description: A way of thinking that lives with the assurance of future glory, not just past forgiveness.
Reference: Galatians 4:7 – “You are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.”
Comment: This mindset shapes how we age—with expectancy instead of regret. It gives purpose, even in retirement or slowing down, because believers know they are still living toward something eternal, precious, and promised.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
8: The Danger of Turning Back - Galatians 4:8-20
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice Paul's deep personal pain over the Galatians' spiritual regression. Watch for how he describes their return to legalism as going back to slavery they once escaped. Observe the tender, almost parental language Paul uses as he pleads with them to remember their former joy and freedom in Christ.
Have you ever worked hard to get out of a bad situation, only to find yourself slipping back into old patterns - what made it so easy to return to what you knew wasn't good for you?
When someone you care about is making choices that concern you, how do you balance speaking truth with maintaining the relationship?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:8-20 (NIV)
Paul’s Concern for the Galatians
8 Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods. 9 But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again? 10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years! 11 I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.
12 I plead with you, brothers and sisters, become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong. 13 As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you, 14 and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. 15 Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?
17 Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them. 18 It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you. 19 My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you, 20 how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!
Overview
Paul expresses heartbreak and bewilderment as he watches the Galatian believers abandon the freedom they found in Christ for the bondage of legalistic rule-keeping. Having experienced liberation from pagan slavery to false gods, they were now choosing a different but equally enslaving system of religious performance. Paul's passionate appeal reveals both his deep love for these believers and his understanding that legalism is not a minor theological error but a dangerous spiritual trap that robs Christians of joy, confidence, and authentic relationship with God. This passage speaks directly to our contemporary struggle with perfectionism, performance anxiety, and the subtle ways religious activity can replace genuine faith. As pastor Philip Yancey writes: "Nothing is more destructive to the gospel than the assumption that we can somehow contribute to our salvation through our moral effort or religious observance. Paul watched the Galatians make this tragic mistake and pleaded with them like a parent watching a child walk toward danger."
This May Surprise You
When Paul says the Galatians are turning back to "weak and miserable forces" (v. 9), he's not just criticizing pagan religion but also legalistic Christianity. Paul equates their return to law-keeping with their former enslavement to pagan gods because both systems put people in bondage to external religious requirements rather than freeing them for relationship with God. This means that legalistic Christianity can be just as spiritually destructive as paganism - different in content but similar in effect. Both systems make people slaves to religious performance rather than children enjoying their Father's love. Paul's shock comes from seeing believers choose any form of spiritual slavery after experiencing the freedom of grace.
Seeds for Thought
1: "Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods" (v. 8) Comment: Before conversion, the Galatians served false gods that demanded much but delivered nothing. Paul reminds them of their former spiritual poverty to help them appreciate the freedom they now possess in Christ.
2: "But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back?" (v. 9) Comment: Paul corrects himself to emphasize that their relationship with God began with His choice to know them, not their choice to know Him. This makes their regression even more puzzling and heartbreaking.
3: "You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!" (v. 10) Comment: Religious calendar-keeping had become more important to them than relationship with Christ. External observances, even biblical ones, become dangerous when they replace rather than express faith.
4: "I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you" (v. 11) Comment: Paul's concern isn't about his reputation as a successful missionary but about their spiritual welfare. When believers abandon grace for legalism, it can make previous gospel ministry appear unsuccessful.
5: "I plead with you, brothers and sisters, become like me, for I became like you" (v. 12) Comment: Paul had given up his privileged position as a strict Pharisee to embrace grace, and he asks them to follow his example rather than returning to religious rule-keeping.
6: "Where, then, is your blessing? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me" (v. 15) Comment: Paul reminds them of their former joy and generosity when they first believed the gospel. Legalism always diminishes the joy and spontaneous love that characterize grace-based faith.
7: "My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you" (v. 19) Comment: Paul uses the metaphor of childbirth to express both his deep love for them and his anguish over their spiritual condition. True spiritual formation comes from Christ being formed within us, not from external rule-keeping.
Take-Home Thought
This passage reveals one of the most heartbreaking realities in Christian life: the tendency to abandon the freedom and joy of grace for the false security of religious performance. The Galatians' regression wasn't from Christianity to paganism but from gospel freedom to religious bondage - a subtler but equally dangerous slide. Paul's anguish shows us that legalism isn't just a theological error but a relational tragedy that damages our connection with both God and others.
What makes legalism so appealing is that it offers the illusion of control and measurable progress. Following rules feels productive and gives us something concrete to to as evidence of our spirituality. Grace, by contrast, requires us to trust in what Christ has done rather than what we're doing, which can feel passive or risky to our performance-oriented minds. But Paul's appeal reveals that legalism ultimately robs us of everything that makes the Christian life beautiful: the joy of unconditional acceptance, the freedom to serve from love rather than obligation, the confidence that comes from resting in Christ's finished work, and the authentic relationships that flow from knowing we're loved regardless of our performance.
The danger Paul warns against remains present in every generation and every believer's heart. We may not return to pagan religions, but we can subtly shift from trusting Christ's righteousness to trusting our own spiritual disciplines, moral behavior, or religious activities. When this happens, we lose the very things that made us fall in love with the gospel in the first place: peace with God, joy in His presence, and the freedom to love others without agenda. Paul's passionate plea reminds us that the gospel is not just how we start the Christian life but how we live every day of it, and that maintaining our focus on Christ's grace rather than our own efforts is an ongoing necessity for spiritual health and happiness.
Quote
"The Christian life is not a matter of getting better and better; it is a matter of getting to know better and better the One who has made us perfect forever. Growth is not about becoming more worthy but about living more freely in the worthiness Christ has given us." - Sinclair Ferguson
"Legalism is a more dangerous enemy to the gospel than open sin, because it looks so much like the real thing and can deceive even mature believers into thinking they're growing spiritually when they're actually moving away from grace." - Jerry Bridges
Devotional Thought: “The Open Gate”
A farmer had a field where his sheep once lived inside a wooden pen. The pen had high walls and a locked gate. The sheep were safe, but they were never free.
One day, the farmer built a new pasture—wide, green, and open—surrounded by only a small fence. The gate was left open. The sheep were free to follow him, and they did, because they had learned to trust his voice.
But after some time, a few wandered back to the old pen. They stood at the gate, confused. It was familiar, even if it had once held them captive.
In Galatians 4:9, Paul asks, “But now that you know God… how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces?” He was heartbroken that the Galatians were trading grace for rules, and freedom for fear.
Sometimes, we’re tempted to return to old ways—not because they were better, but because they’re familiar. Legalism can feel safer than grace, but it leads us back into bondage.
C.S. Lewis once said, “The gospel is not about making bad people good; it’s about making dead people alive.”
Christ has opened the gate. We don’t belong in the pen anymore. Let’s not turn back to what He died to free us from.
Culture Connection
In today’s culture, it’s not uncommon to see people turn back to what's familiar—even if it’s not good for them. Whether it’s unhealthy habits, old routines, or performance-based religion, people often seek security in things they can control. Paul’s concern for the Galatians mirrors this challenge: they were beginning to trade in the freedom of grace for the comfort of old rituals. Even in church life today, there's a temptation to rely on appearances, traditions, or rule-keeping. But the gospel calls us to deeper trust—not in ourselves, but in the grace that sets us free and keeps us free. That message still speaks clearly to believers who’ve walked a long road and know how easy it is to slip back into old patterns.
Biblical Connections
Jeremiah 2:13 – “My people have committed two sins: they have forsaken me… and dug their own cisterns…” echoes the danger of replacing grace with self-made systems
John 8:36 – “So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed”—a promise of lasting freedom
Hebrews 10:1–4 – Highlights the limitations of the law, reminding us that true cleansing comes through Christ
Romans 6:17–18 – “You have been set free from sin…” Paul affirms the move from slavery to righteousness
2 Peter 2:20–21 – Warns of the spiritual harm when people escape sin but then become entangled again
Thought Pattern 1: FAITHFUL FORWARD FOCUS
Description: A mindset that keeps pressing on in grace, resisting the pull to go backward into what’s comfortable but empty
Reference: Galatians 4:9 – “...how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces?”
Comment: This mindset helps believers stay spiritually awake. It encourages steady growth, even when the past seems easier to fall into. For older Christians, it reminds us that there’s no retirement from faith—each day holds new grace to live by.
Thought Pattern 2: SPIRITUAL DISCERNMENT IN RELATIONSHIPS
Description: A heart posture that recognizes and appreciates when others speak hard truths out of love
Reference: Galatians 4:16 – “Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?”
Comment: This mindset strengthens the church. It teaches us to receive correction with humility and to value relationships that point us back to grace. Within your group, it could encourage thoughtful conversation and mutual support—not just comfort, but courage.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
9: Children of Promise, Not of the Law - Galatians 4:21-31
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice how Paul uses the story of Abraham's two sons to illustrate two different approaches to relationship with God. Watch for the contrast between Ishmael (born through human effort) and Isaac (born through God's promise). Observe how Paul connects this Old Testament story to the current struggle between legalism and grace.
Think of a time when you tried to help God answer your prayers by taking matters into your own hands - what happened, and what did you learn?
Have you ever been in a situation where someone's impatience created long-term problems that could have been avoided by waiting - what was that like?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:21-31 (NIV)
21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.
24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:
“Be glad, barren woman,
you who never bore a child;
shout for joy and cry aloud,
you who were never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate woman
than of her who has a husband.”
28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise. 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.” 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.
Overview
Paul uses the familiar story of Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar to create a powerful allegory about two ways of relating to God: through human effort (symbolized by Hagar and Ishmael) or through divine promise (symbolized by Sarah and Isaac). Abraham's attempt to fulfill God's promise through his own efforts with Hagar resulted in conflict and complications, while God's fulfillment of His promise through Sarah brought joy and inheritance. Paul applies this story to show that legalistic Christianity, like Ishmael's birth, represents human attempt to accomplish what only God can do, while grace-based faith, like Isaac's birth, receives what God freely gives. This passage addresses our culture's "self-help" mentality and the persistent belief that we must earn what God wants to give freely. As theologian F.F. Bruce observed: "The two covenants represent two principles that are mutually exclusive: the principle of works and the principle of faith, the principle of bondage and the principle of freedom, the principle of law and the principle of promise."
This May Surprise You
Many people read this story and assume Paul is being harsh toward Hagar and Ishmael, but his isn't to criticize them personally. Hagar was actually obedient - she did what Abraham and Sarah asked her to do. The problem wasn't with Hagar or Ishmael as people, but with what they represented: human effort trying to accomplish God's purposes. Paul's allegory teaches us that even good, sincere efforts to serve God can become obstacles to receiving His promises when they replace faith with works. The issue isn't the morality of the effort but the futility of trying to earn through human performance what God wants to give through divine grace.
Seeds for Thought
1: "Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says?" (v. 21) Comment: Paul challenges them to really understand what the law teaches rather than simply submitting to it. Often the law itself points us away from law-keeping toward faith in God's promises.
2: "His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh" (v. 23) Comment: Ishmael's birth represented human effort and natural ability. When we try to accomplish spiritual goals through our own strength and planning, we're operating "according to the flesh."
3: "But his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise" (v. 23) Comment: Isaac's birth was supernatural - something only God could accomplish. True spiritual life and blessing always require God's intervention, not just human effort.
4: "One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar" (v. 24) Comment: The law, though given by God, can only produce spiritual slavery when treated as the means of salvation. It shows us God's standards but cannot empower us to meet them.
5: "But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother" (v. 26) Comment: Believers belong to a different "family system" - one based on God's promise rather than human performance. Our spiritual heritage comes from above, not from earthly religious systems.
6: "Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman's son will never share in the inheritance" (v. 30) Comment: Paul quotes Sarah's harsh words to make a spiritual point: we cannot simultaneously live by law and by promise. At some point, we must choose which system will govern our relationship with God.
7: "Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman" (v. 31) Comment: Our identity determines our approach to God. As children of promise, we relate to Him through faith in His grace rather than through performance of religious duties.
Take-Home Thought
This allegory exposes one of the most persistent temptations in spiritual life: the desire to help God keep His promises through our own efforts. Abraham and Sarah's impatience led them to attempt through human planning what God intended to accomplish through divine power. Their well-intentioned effort created complications that lasted for generations, while God's promised solution brought joy and inheritance. This pattern repeats in every believer's life when we try to earn through moral effort what God wants to give through grace, or when we attempt to achieve through religious performance what only the Holy Spirit can accomplish in us.
The contrast between Hagar and Sarah represents more than just two different approaches to problem-solving; it represents two entirely different ways of relating to God and understanding His character. The "Hagar approach" assumes that God's promises depend on our ability to fulfill conditions and that our spiritual standing rises and falls based on our performance. This approach produces anxiety, competition with other believers, and constant uncertainty about our acceptance with God. The "Sarah approach" recognizes that God's promises depend on His character rather than our performance, and that spiritual blessing comes through receiving rather than achieving.
Paul's conclusion that we must "get rid of the slave woman and her son" sounds harsh, but it reflects a spiritual reality: we cannot simultaneously live by law and by grace. These two systems are fundamentally incompatible because they rest on opposite assumptions about how God relates to us. When we try to mix them, we end up with neither the security of knowing we're accepted by grace nor the clear standards that law provides. As children of the free woman, we're called to live in the freedom that comes from knowing our inheritance is secure not because of what we do but because of what Christ has done. This freedom doesn't make us careless but grateful, not lazy but loving, not presumptuous but confident in our Father's unchanging love.
Quote
"The difference between law and grace is the difference between earning a wage and receiving an inheritance. One depends on our work; the other depends on our relationship to the giver." - R.C. Sproul
"Abraham's mistake was not in wanting to see God's promise fulfilled, but in thinking he could fulfill it himself. Every generation of believers faces this same temptation to help God keep His word through human effort." - John MacArthur
Devotional Thought: “Two Birth Certificates”
A woman sorting through old family papers found two birth certificates. One was official—signed, sealed, and clearly marked: child by promise. The other was handwritten, faded, and incomplete—born by obligation.
She realized both belonged to her ancestors, but only one led to the inheritance that followed.
In Galatians 4:23, Paul writes, “His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.” He’s using an old story—Hagar and Sarah—to make a new point: we either live trying to earn our place (like Ishmael), or we live trusting God’s promise (like Isaac).
Legalism makes us children of effort. Grace makes us children of promise.
Paul isn’t just talking about history—he’s talking about identity. Those in Christ are not second-rate stepchildren of God. We’re heirs of a promise, born into freedom, not slavery.
As John Newton, author of Amazing Grace, once said, “I am not what I ought to be... But by the grace of God, I am what I am.”
You don’t have to work for what’s already been given. You are not born of the law—you are born of the promise. Live like you belong. Because you do.
Culture Connection
In our day, people often cling to what they can see and control—systems, routines, traditions that offer structure but can become burdensome. The story of Hagar and Sarah reminds us that freedom doesn’t come from following rules or forcing outcomes, but from trusting in God’s promises. Even in faith communities today, there can be a drift toward performance: feeling that we must “do more” or “be better” to earn God’s love. But Paul’s message cuts through that. Like Isaac, we are born of promise—not of striving. And in a world that tells us we’re only as valuable as our achievements, the gospel declares that our true identity comes from grace, not effort.
Biblical Connections
Genesis 16–21 – The full story of Hagar, Ishmael, Sarah, and Isaac
Romans 9:6–9 – Paul reminds readers that God's children are born through promise
Hebrews 11:11–12 – Sarah’s faith allowed her to conceive, showing God’s power over impossibility
Isaiah 54:1 – Referenced in Galatians 4:27, it points to the joy of the barren woman—Sarah—as a symbol of God’s grace
John 1:13 – “...children born not of natural descent... but born of God”—a further echo of spiritual identity
Thought Pattern 1: LIVING FROM PROMISE, NOT PRESSURE
Description: A mindset that trusts God to fulfill His promises, rather than trying to make things happen by human strength
Reference: Galatians 4:23 – “His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise”
Comment: This way of thinking helps believers lean into God’s faithfulness, even when circumstances seem slow or uncertain. Especially in the later seasons of life, it reminds us that some of God’s greatest work happens in His timing—not ours.
Thought Pattern 2: FREEDOM IN FAITH
Description: A way of thinking that embraces the liberty Christ gives, not bound by religious performance or expectations
Reference: Galatians 4:31 – “Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman”
Comment: This mindset deepens joy and peace. It encourages believers to live as sons and daughters, not servants under pressure. For older adults, it’s a freeing truth: we don’t have to earn what’s already been given. We simply receive it with faith and gratitude.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
10: Living in Freedom - Galatians 5:1-15
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice how Paul contrasts two different ways of living: one bound by rules and regulations, and another set free by Christ's grace. Watch for the warning signs Paul gives about falling back into old patterns, and observe how he connects true freedom with loving service to others.
If you could be completely free from one burden or worry in your life right now, what would it be and how do you think that freedom would change your daily routine?
When you hear the word "freedom," do you think more about "freedom from" something or "freedom to" do something - and can you give an example from your own experience?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 5:1-15 (NIV)
1 It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.
2 Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. 3 Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law. 4 You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace. 5 For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.
7 You were running a good race. Who cut in on you to keep you from obeying the truth? 8 That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you. 9 “A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough.” 10 I am confident in the Lord that you will take no other view. The one who is throwing you into confusion, whoever that may be, will have to pay the penalty. 11 Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been abolished. 12 As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!
13 You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love. 14 For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” 15 If you bite and devour each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other.
Overview
Paul writes to the Galatians with urgent concern - they're being pulled back into a system of religious performance instead of resting in Christ's finished work. In our current culture, we face similar pressures. We live in a world obsessed with earning approval through social media likes, career achievements, or even religious activities. The Galatians were tempted to add circumcision and law-keeping to their faith; we might be tempted to add perfect church attendance, flawless behavior, or endless service projects.
As pastor and author Timothy Keller observed: "The gospel is this: We are more sinful and flawed in ourselves than we ever dared believe, yet at the very same time we are more loved and accepted in Jesus Christ than we ever dared hope." This perfectly captures Paul's message - we don't earn our standing with God, and we don't maintain it through performance.
This May Surprise You
Here's what might surprise you about Christian freedom: it's not the absence of boundaries, but the presence of love-motivated choices. When Paul says "you were called to be free" (verse 13), he immediately adds "do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh." True freedom isn't doing whatever we want whenever we want it.
The Greek word Paul uses for "freedom" (eleutheria) was a legal term describing someone who had been released from slavery. A freed slave didn't become lawless - they became responsible to make choices based on gratitude rather than fear. Similarly, our freedom in Christ means we're no longer driven by fear of punishment or the exhausting need to earn approval. Instead, we're motivated by love and gratitude, which actually leads to better choices than rule-following ever could.
SEEDS FOR THOUGHT
1: "It is for freedom that Christ has set us free" (verse 1) Comment: Christ didn't free us so we could still live like slaves. He broke the chains so we could actually walk away from the prison. Many Christians live as if they're still trying to earn what they've already been given.
2: "Stand firm and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery" (verse 1) Comment: Paul uses farming language here. A yoke was heavy and restrictive. He's saying don't voluntarily put that weight back on your shoulders when Christ has lifted it off.
3: "You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ" (verse 4) Comment: This doesn't mean losing salvation, but losing the experience of Christ's presence and peace. When we try to earn our way, we stop depending on grace.
4: "The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love" (verse 6) Comment: Here's the beautiful alternative to legalism - faith that naturally flows into love. We don't love to be saved; we love because we are saved.
5: "Serve one another humbly in love" (verse 13) Comment: Freedom finds its highest expression in voluntary service. The freest people are often the most generous with their time and hearts.
Take-Home Thought
God's bigger picture here is stunning: He wants a family, not a workforce. Throughout history, religions have tried to create systems where people earn divine favor through performance. But God's plan was always different. He wanted sons and daughters who choose to love Him and others because they know they're already completely accepted.
This freedom revolutionizes everything. When we truly grasp that our standing with God is secure, we stop living defensively and start living generously. We stop asking "What's the minimum I need to do?" and start asking "How can I express my gratitude?" We stop avoiding sin out of fear and start avoiding it out of love - because we don't want to hurt the One who gave everything for us. This is the freedom that transforms communities, families, and individual hearts. It's not license to be selfish; it's liberation to be genuinely loving.
Quote
Charles Spurgeon: "Free grace can go into the gutter, and bring up a jewel! Free grace can go to the dunghill, and find there a diamond! Free grace can go to the gallows, and bring from thence a star to shine forever and ever!"
John Stott: "We must allow the Word of God to confront us, to disturb our security, to undermine our complacency and to overthrow our patterns of thought and behavior."
Devotional Thought: “The Broken Chain”
A man once spent years in a prison cell with chains around his ankles. Over time, he got used to the weight—he even forgot what freedom felt like. One day, a royal messenger entered, unlocked the chains, and opened the door. “You’re free,” he said.
But as the man stepped out, he hesitated. “Should I carry the chains, just in case I need them again?” he asked.
The messenger shook his head. “Those belong to your past. Walk forward. Don’t look back.”
In Galatians 5:1, Paul says, “It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.” (NIV)
Freedom in Christ isn’t permission to live any way we want—it’s the power to live the way we were meant to. We’re not freed to sin, and we’re not freed to earn. We’re freed to love.
Paul warns against two traps: legalism and license. Both pull us away from the heart of the gospel. Real freedom is found not in rule-keeping or self-serving, but in serving one another in love.
As Augustine once said, “Love God, and do what you will.”
Don’t carry chains Jesus already broke. Walk forward in grace—light, free, and full of love.
Culture Connection
Today’s world often talks about “freedom,” but what it usually means is the ability to do whatever we want. In contrast, Galatians teaches that true freedom isn’t found in self-indulgence or rule-following—it’s found in Christ. Many people, even within churches, still carry burdens from legalism, past failures, or fear of judgment. Paul reminds us that we’re not meant to live under that kind of weight anymore. In a culture that either celebrates total independence or burdens people with unrealistic standards, the gospel offers something better: freedom that’s rooted in love, guided by grace, and lived in service to others.
Biblical Connections
Romans 6:14 – “For sin shall no longer be your master, because you are not under the law, but under grace.”
Matthew 22:37–40 – Jesus teaches that loving God and loving neighbor fulfills the law—just as Paul says in verse 14.
1 Peter 2:16 – “Live as free people, but do not use your freedom as a cover-up for evil...”
James 2:8 – Refers to the “royal law” found in Scripture: “Love your neighbor as yourself”
John 13:34–35 – Jesus calls his followers to be known by their love for one another—a theme echoed here by Paul
Thought Pattern 1: STANDING IN GRACE
Description: A mindset that holds firm to what Christ has already done, rather than trying to add to it with religious performance
Reference: Galatians 5:1 – “It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then...”
Comment: This way of thinking protects believers from guilt and self-doubt. It encourages rest in God’s complete work, and helps us resist the urge to go back to old patterns of fear or striving. Especially in later years, this grace-centered confidence brings peace and assurance.
Thought Pattern 2: LOVING THROUGH FREEDOM
Description: A habit of heart that sees freedom not as permission to do anything, but as the ability to love well
Reference: Galatians 5:13–14 – “...do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love.”
Comment: This mindset strengthens community. It turns freedom into action—not selfishness, but service. Among older Christians, it’s a beautiful reminder that we still have much to give, and that love expressed in daily kindness is one of the greatest freedoms we enjoy.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
11: Life by the Spirit - Galatians 5:16-26
StudyNotes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice the stark contrast Paul draws between two ways of living - one driven by our natural desires and another empowered by God's Spirit. Pay attention to the specific behaviors Paul lists in each category, and observe how he describes this as an ongoing battle rather than a one-time decision.
Think about a fruit tree you've seen - what made it obvious what kind of fruit it would produce, and how does this relate to recognizing spiritual "fruit" in people's lives?
If someone followed you around for a week without knowing you were a Christian, what evidence might they find that would reveal your faith?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 5:16-26 (NIV)
16 So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. 17 For the flesh desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh. They are in conflict with each other, so that you are not to do whatever you want. 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law.
19 The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; 20 idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions 21 and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God.
22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law. 24 Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. 25 Since we live by the Spirit, let us keep in step with the Spirit. 26 Let us not become conceited, provoking and envying each other.
Overview
Paul continues his letter to the Galatians by addressing a practical question: if we're free from the law, how do we actually live? His answer is revolutionary - we live by the Spirit's power, not by trying harder with our own willpower. In our achievement-oriented culture, this runs counter to everything we're taught about self-improvement and personal discipline.
We live in an age of life-hacking, where people try to optimize everything through better systems, apps, and techniques. Paul offers something radically different: transformation that comes from the inside out through God's Spirit. We're not called to white-knuckle our way to holiness or create elaborate accountability systems to manage our behavior.
As A.W. Tozer wisely noted: "The Spirit-filled life is not a special, deluxe edition of Christianity. It is part and parcel of the total plan of God for His people." This isn't advanced Christianity for spiritual athletes - it's normal Christianity for everyone who belongs to Christ.
This May Surprise You
Here's what might surprise you about living by the Spirit: it's not about feeling spiritual emotions or having mystical experiences. The Greek word Paul uses for "walk" (peripateo) means "to conduct one's life" or "to order one's behavior." It's an everyday, practical word about how we make decisions, treat people, and respond to circumstances.
The "flesh" Paul warns against isn't just obvious sins like adultery or murder. The Greek word (sarx) refers to our self-centered nature - the part of us that wants to be in control, seeks approval from others, holds grudges, or trusts in our own abilities rather than God's. Some of the "acts of the flesh" Paul lists are relational sins like jealousy, selfish ambition, and factions. These can look very respectable and even religious, but they flow from the same self-centered source as more obvious sins.
Seeds for Thought
1: "Walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh" (verse 16) Comment: Notice Paul doesn't say "try really hard not to sin." He says walk by the Spirit and sin will lose its grip. It's like turning on a light to dispel darkness - you don't fight the darkness, you simply turn on the light.
2: "The flesh desires what is contrary to the Spirit" (verse 17) Comment: This explains why following Jesus sometimes feels like swimming upstream. There's a real conflict happening inside believers between our old nature and our new nature in Christ.
3: "If you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law" (verse 18) Comment: When we're walking in step with God's Spirit, we don't need external rules to govern us because we're being guided from within by love and wisdom.
4: "The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace..." (verse 22) Comment: Notice Paul says "fruit" (singular), not "fruits." These qualities are all expressions of one divine life growing in us - they're not separate achievements we work toward.
5: "Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh" (verse 24) Comment: This is a past-tense reality, not a future goal. At salvation, our old self-centered nature was dealt a death blow. Now we live out that reality day by day.
Take-Home Thought
God's bigger picture here reveals His method for changing the world: one transformed heart at a time. He doesn't change society through legislation or force, but through people who are increasingly filled with His love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. These qualities are attractive and contagious in ways that rules and regulations never could be.
The beauty of Spirit-led living is that it's sustainable and authentic. When we try to manufacture Christian behavior through willpower alone, we eventually burn out or become hypocritical. But when the Holy Spirit produces His fruit in us, it flows naturally from our relationship with God. People can sense the difference between manufactured niceness and genuine love, between forced calm and true peace. The Spirit's fruit has a quality that draws people to Christ because they see something they long for in their own lives. This is how God planned to reach a broken world - through ordinary people living extraordinary lives empowered by His Spirit.
Quote
D.L. Moody: "The Bible was not given for our information but for our transformation. If we are not being transformed by what we're reading, then we're not reading it correctly."
Andrew Murray: "The Spirit-filled life is not abnormal; it is the normal Christian life. Anything less than this is subnormal. It is the life God expects us to live, and has made provision for us to live."
Devotional Thought: “The Two Paths”
A traveler came to a fork in the road. One path looked easy—wide, smooth, lined with bright signs and loud voices. The other was narrow, quieter, with a steady breeze and the sound of birds in the trees.
At the crossroads stood a guide. “Where do they lead?” the traveler asked.
“The wide path feels good at first,” the guide said, “but it ends in a dry desert. The narrow one is harder at times, but it leads to life—and you won’t walk it alone.”
Paul writes in Galatians 5:16, “So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh.” The battle between flesh and Spirit is real. One pulls us toward selfishness, anger, envy, and division. The other leads us to love, peace, kindness, and self-control.
Walking by the Spirit isn’t about perfection—it’s about direction. It’s choosing, step by step, to listen to God’s voice over our own impulses.
Dwight L. Moody once said, “The branches of the vine do not strain to produce fruit; they simply abide.”
We don’t grow spiritual fruit by trying harder. We grow by staying close to the Spirit—trusting, yielding, and letting His life flow through ours.
One path leads to freedom. One leads to bondage. Every step matters. Walk with the Spirit.
Culture Connection
Today’s culture often encourages people to “follow their heart” or “do what feels right.” But feelings and impulses can lead us down paths that don’t align with God’s truth. Paul’s words remind us that living by the Spirit means following a different voice—the quiet, steady guidance of God. In a world that values self-expression above self-control, the Spirit offers a better way. It’s not about strict rule-keeping, nor unchecked freedom. It’s about daily choosing the Spirit’s way, which leads to gentleness, patience, and love. For those in later seasons of life, this passage offers comfort and clarity—a reminder that spiritual maturity continues to grow as we keep in step with the Spirit.
Biblical Connections
John 15:5 – Jesus says, “Apart from me you can do nothing,” echoing Paul’s call to rely on the Spirit
Romans 8:5–11 – Highlights the contrast between living by the flesh and living by the Spirit
Matthew 7:16–20 – Jesus talks about recognizing people by their fruit—similar to Paul’s list of the Spirit’s fruit
2 Corinthians 3:17–18 – Where the Spirit is, there is freedom, and transformation happens
Psalm 1:1–3 – Those who walk with God bear fruit in season—another image of spiritual growth
Thought Pattern 1: DAILY DEPENDENCE
Description: A mindset that invites the Spirit’s guidance with each step—not just in crisis, but in everyday life
Reference: Galatians 5:16 – “So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh.”
Comment: This posture helps believers avoid falling into old temptations or reactive habits. It’s a steady rhythm—a walk, not a sprint. For older Christians especially, it turns faith into a peaceful, fruitful journey where the Spirit’s presence is felt in small, quiet moments.
Thought Pattern 2: FRUITFUL CHARACTER
Description: A way of thinking that values inner character over outward appearances, and seeks the Spirit’s fruit as evidence of growth
Reference: Galatians 5:22–23 – “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace…”
Comment: This mindset helps believers reflect Christ in everyday interactions—with family, church, and community. It focuses on who we’re becoming, not just what we’re doing. And for older adults, it offers a meaningful legacy: a life marked not by possessions or titles, but by kindness, gentleness, and self-control.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
12: Bearing One Another's Burdens - Galatians 6:1-10
Study Notes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read this passage, notice how Paul balances personal responsibility with community care - we're called to help others while also carrying our own load. Watch for the gentle, humble approach Paul recommends when dealing with someone who has fallen into sin, and observe how he connects our treatment of others with our understanding of God's grace.
When you think of someone who helped carry a burden for you during a difficult time, what did they do that made the biggest difference - was it their words, their actions, or simply their presence?
If you had to teach a child the difference between "helping someone" and "enabling someone," how would you explain it using a simple example?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 6:1-10 (NIV)
1 Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted. 2 Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ. 3 If anyone thinks they are something when they are not, they deceive themselves. 4 Each one should test their own actions. Then they can take pride in themselves alone, without comparing themselves to someone else, 5 for each one should carry their own load. 6 Nevertheless, the one who receives instruction in the word should share all good things with their instructor.
7 Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. 8 Whoever sows to please their flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. 9 Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. 10 Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers.
Overview
Paul concludes his letter to the Galatians with intensely practical instructions about living in Christian community. After teaching about freedom in Christ and walking by the Spirit, he now addresses what this looks like when believers stumble, struggle, or need help. In our individualistic culture, Paul's emphasis on mutual responsibility challenges our "mind your own business" mentality.
We live in a time when people often suffer alone, afraid to admit weakness or ask for help. Social media presents curated versions of perfect lives, making it even harder to be vulnerable about real struggles. Paul paints a different picture - a community where people are safe to be honest about their failures and confident they'll receive restoration rather than rejection.
As pastor and author Henri Nouwen observed: "Community is the place where the person you least want to live with always lives. Often we surround ourselves with the people we most want to live with, which forms a club, not a community. Anyone can form a club; it takes grace, shared vision, and hard work to form a community."
This May Surprise You
Here's what might surprise you about bearing burdens: Paul uses two different Greek words for "burden" and "load" that seem contradictory at first. In verse 2, he says "bear one another's burdens" (baros - meaning a crushing weight), but in verse 5, he says "each one should carry his own load" (phortion - meaning a normal, manageable responsibility).
The key is understanding the difference. A "burden" is something too heavy for one person to handle alone - grief, major illness, financial crisis, moral failure. These require community support. A "load" is our normal daily responsibility - our character, our choices, our relationship with God. Paul isn't contradicting himself; he's teaching balance. We help with crushing weights while maintaining personal accountability for our everyday responsibilities. It's the difference between helping someone move a piano (burden) and expecting them to tie their own shoes (load).
Seeds for Thought
1: "If someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently" (verse 1) Comment: The word "caught" suggests someone trapped or entangled rather than defiantly rebellious. The goal is always restoration, not punishment. Gentleness doesn't mean avoiding the issue, but approaching it with the same grace we'd want to receive.
2: "Watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted" (verse 1) Comment: Pride is dangerous when helping others. The moment we think "I would never do that," we're most vulnerable to falling ourselves. Humility remembers that we all need grace.
3: "Carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ" (verse 2) Comment: The "law of Christ" is love. When we help bear someone's crushing weight, we're not just being nice - we're living out the very heart of Jesus' teaching.
4: "Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked" (verse 7) Comment: This applies to how we treat others. If we sow selfishness and judgment, we'll reap isolation and harshness. If we sow mercy and support, we'll reap community and grace.
5: "Let us not become weary in doing good" (verse 9) Comment: Burden-bearing can be exhausting. Paul acknowledges this reality while encouraging perseverance. Good deeds have a harvest season, even when we can't see immediate results.
6: "As we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers" (verse 10) Comment: Our care extends beyond the church, but it starts there. A Christian community that truly bears one another's burdens becomes a powerful witness to the watching world.
Take-Home Thought
God's bigger picture here reveals His design for healing and transformation through community. He could have created a world where everyone deals with their problems in isolation, but instead He designed us to need each other. When we bear one another's burdens, we become the physical expression of God's love and grace to hurting people.
This creates a beautiful cycle: as we experience being helped in our weakness, we become more willing to help others in theirs. As we practice gentleness with those who have fallen, we become less afraid of admitting our own failures. The church becomes a place where people can be real about their struggles because they know they'll find help rather than judgment. This kind of community is rare in our world, which makes it all the more powerful as a witness to God's character. When non-believers see Christians caring for each other through job loss, family crises, moral failures, and personal struggles, they catch a glimpse of the God who cares for them too. Burden-bearing isn't just about helping individuals - it's about demonstrating to a watching world what the kingdom of God looks like when it becomes visible in everyday relationships.
Quote
Dietrich Bonhoeffer: "The person who loves their dream of community will destroy community, but the person who loves those around them will create community."
Billy Graham: "The Christian life is not a constant high. I have my moments of deep discouragement. I have to go to God in prayer with tears in my eyes, and say, 'O God, forgive me,' or 'Help me.' We all do. We're not perfect. But we're forgiven, and we're on our way."
Devotional Thought: “The Heavy Backpack”
A man walked down a long road carrying a heavy backpack. He stumbled often, weighed down by the load. People passed by, offering advice or shaking their heads, but no one stopped.
Then one day, a stranger came along, took the pack off the man’s shoulders, and walked beside him. “You don’t have to carry that alone,” he said. “We’ll take it together.”
Paul writes in Galatians 6:2, “Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.” (NIV) In a world that often tells us to mind our own business or keep our struggles private, the gospel tells us to lean in—to lift one another up.
It doesn’t mean fixing everyone’s problems. It means showing up with love, patience, and truth. Sometimes, it’s helping someone find their footing again. Other times, it’s simply sitting with them in their struggle.
And when the load is ours, we let others help us too. That’s grace in action—not just what we receive from God, but what we give to each other.
As Dietrich Bonhoeffer said, “The Christian needs another Christian who speaks God’s Word to him.”
The road is long. Don’t walk it alone. In Christ, we walk together—bearing, restoring, loving. That’s how grace looks with skin on.
Culture Connection
Today’s culture often leans toward individualism—“you take care of you, and I’ll take care of me.” But Paul’s words run in the opposite direction. In Christ, we’re part of a family, not isolated believers. Carrying each other’s burdens doesn’t mean fixing every problem—it means showing up, listening, encouraging, and restoring with gentleness. Especially in seasons when life grows quiet or lonely, being part of a church that truly walks together brings real comfort. Paul’s message is clear: the gospel isn’t only vertical (between us and God), it’s horizontal—meant to shape our relationships with grace and care.
Biblical Connections
James 5:19–20 – Encourages bringing back those who wander from the truth with gentleness and care
Romans 15:1–2 – Calls the strong to bear with the failings of the weak and build up others
Luke 6:36–38 – Jesus links mercy and generosity with spiritual abundance—echoing Paul’s “sowing” metaphor
1 Thessalonians 5:14 – "Encourage the disheartened, help the weak, be patient with everyone"
Proverbs 11:25 – “Whoever refreshes others will be refreshed”—a gracious picture of mutual care
Thought Pattern 1: GENTLE RESTORATION
Description: A way of thinking that sees someone’s failure as an opportunity for grace, not judgment
Reference: Galatians 6:1 – “Restore that person gently...”
Comment: This mindset shapes churches into safe spaces for healing. Especially among older adults, it encourages wisdom and compassion to guide others lovingly—passing on grace as it has been received.
Thought Pattern 2: SHARED Burdens, Shared Strength
Description: A heart posture that doesn’t just pray for others but walks with them through trouble
Reference: Galatians 6:2 – “Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.”
Comment: This outlook creates lasting fellowship. It helps believers stay emotionally and spiritually connected, especially in times of grief, illness, or loneliness. For seasoned Christians, it’s a reminder that one of the richest ministries is simply walking with others faithfully.
Bible
Study Class, Galatians
Session
13: Final Exhortations - Galatians 6:11-18
StudyNotes — Discussion Handout — Audio Essay
As you read Paul's closing words, notice the personal intensity as he takes the pen himself to write in large letters. Watch how he contrasts two different sources of pride - religious performance versus the cross of Christ. Pay attention to how Paul summarizes his entire argument with the phrase "what counts is the new creation."
If you could write one final sentence that would be remembered as your life's most important message, what would you want that sentence to say?
When someone asks about your greatest accomplishment or what you're most proud of, what typically comes to mind first - and how comfortable are you with that answer?
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 6:11-18 (NIV)
Not Circumcision but the New Creation
11 See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand!
12 Those who want to impress people by means of the flesh are trying to compel you to be circumcised. The only reason they do this is to avoid being persecuted for the cross of Christ. 13 Not even those who are circumcised keep the law, yet they want you to be circumcised that they may boast about your circumcision in the flesh. 14 May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. 15 Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation. 16 Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule—to the Israel of God.
17 From now on, let no one cause me trouble, for I bear on my body the marks of Jesus.
18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brothers and sisters. Amen.
Overview
Paul concludes his passionate letter with his own handwriting, emphasizing the urgency of his message. In a culture obsessed with external appearances and public validation, his words about boasting only in the cross sound almost foolish. We live in an age of personal branding, achievement showcases, and carefully curated social media profiles designed to impress others.
Paul offers a radically different approach to significance. While the false teachers were pressuring the Galatians to gain status through religious observance, Paul declares that all his confidence rests in what Christ accomplished on the cross. This isn't just theological theory - it's a fundamentally different way of finding meaning and worth in life.
As pastor John Stott wrote: "The cross is the blazing fire at which the flame of our love is kindled, but we have to get near enough for its sparks to fall on us." Paul had gotten close enough to the cross that it transformed not just his theology, but his entire identity and source of pride.
This May Surprise You
Here's what might surprise you about Paul's statement "May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ" (verse 14): the word "boast" (kauchaomai in Greek) doesn't mean arrogant bragging, but rather finding your ultimate source of confidence and joy. It's what gives you deep satisfaction and security when everything else is stripped away.
Paul is saying that the cross - representing Christ's sacrificial death for our sins - is the only thing solid enough to build a life on. Everything else we might "boast" in can be lost: health fails, relationships end, achievements are forgotten, wealth disappears, even religious performance can become empty routine. But what Christ did for us on the cross can never be taken away, improved upon, or diminished. It's the one thing that remains when everything else crumbles, making it the only truly reliable source of confidence and identity.
Seeds for Thought
1: "Those who want to impress people by means of the flesh are trying to compel you to be circumcised" (verse 12) Comment: The false teachers were motivated by wanting to look good to other religious people. They avoided persecution by making Christianity appear more acceptable to Jewish traditions. People-pleasing often drives us away from grace.
2: "Not even those who are circumcised keep the law" (verse 13) Comment: Paul exposes the hypocrisy of the false teachers. They demanded law-keeping from others while failing to keep it themselves. This reveals that legalism is often about controlling others rather than genuine righteousness.
3: "Through the cross the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world" (verse 14) Comment: The cross changed Paul's relationship with worldly approval and status. What used to impress him no longer mattered, and what used to concern him about others' opinions lost its power.
4: "What counts is the new creation" (verse 15) Comment: Here's Paul's summary of everything that matters - not religious ritual, not cultural background, not past achievements, but the transformed life that comes from being "in Christ." This is God's ultimate concern.
5: "I bear on my body the marks of Jesus" (verse 17) Comment: Paul probably refers to scars from persecution and hardship endured for the gospel. These were his true credentials - not impressive religious achievements, but evidence of costly discipleship.
Take-Home Thought
God's bigger picture concludes with a stunning reversal of human values. Throughout history, people have sought significance through accomplishment, status, wealth, power, or religious achievement. But God's plan centers on the cross - the place where human pride dies and divine grace reigns. Paul discovered that the very thing the world sees as weakness (the cross) is actually the source of true strength and lasting significance.
This transforms how we view success, failure, and everything in between. When our ultimate boast is in the cross, we're freed from the exhausting pursuit of human approval and the devastating fear of human disappointment. We can take risks in serving others because our security doesn't depend on outcomes. We can admit failures because our worth isn't based on performance. We can celebrate others' successes without jealousy because we're not competing for the same prizes. The cross levels the playing field - we all needed the same salvation, and we all received the same grace. This creates a community where people can be honest about their struggles and generous in celebrating others' victories. It's a glimpse of what God intended human relationships to look like from the beginning - not competitive striving for superiority, but mutual encouragement rooted in shared gratitude for undeserved grace.
Quote
Martin Luther: "The cross alone is our theology. When I have learned to know my horizontal dimension, I have learned to know my vertical dimension as well. The cross teaches me what I am and what God is."
Charles Spurgeon: "I have a great need for Christ; I have a great Christ for my need. My need and His supply are wonderfully matched. The cross is the meeting place where justice and mercy embrace, where God's holiness and God's love are both perfectly displayed."
Devotional Thought: “The Trophy Shelf”
In an old farmhouse, there was a shelf filled with trophies. Dusty ribbons, medals, and plaques lined the wood—awards from years gone by. One day, the man who lived there took them all down, packed them away, and placed one thing on the shelf: a small, wooden cross.
When his grandson asked why, he smiled and said, “All that other stuff reminded me of what I did. But this… this reminds me of what Christ did. That’s what matters most.”
In Galatians 6:14, Paul writes, “May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ…” (NIV). He had once boasted in his status, his knowledge, his obedience to the law. But none of it compared to the grace he found in Jesus.
We live in a world that pushes us to prove our worth—to perform, to earn, to impress. But the gospel sets us free from that. Our value doesn’t come from what we achieve. It comes from the One who died and rose for us.
As Charles Spurgeon said, “Our hope lies not in what we do for God, but in what God has done for us through Christ.”
Grace is not the beginning of the journey—it’s the whole road. So, we finish as we began: not with pride, but with praise.
Culture Connection
Today’s culture often leans toward individualism—“you take care of you, and I’ll take care of me.” But Paul’s words run in the opposite direction. In Christ, we’re part of a family, not isolated believers. Carrying each other’s burdens doesn’t mean fixing every problem—it means showing up, listening, encouraging, and restoring with gentleness. Especially in seasons when life grows quiet or lonely, being part of a church that truly walks together brings real comfort. Paul’s message is clear: the gospel isn’t only vertical (between us and God), it’s horizontal—meant to shape our relationships with grace and care.
Biblical Connections
Galatians 6:1–10 reflects key ideas found across Scripture, underscoring how restoration, burden-bearing, and sowing goodness are central to Christian life:
James 5:19–20 – Encourages bringing back those who wander from the truth with gentleness and care
Romans 15:1–2 – Calls the strong to bear with the failings of the weak and build up others
Luke 6:36–38 – Jesus links mercy and generosity with spiritual abundance—echoing Paul’s “sowing” metaphor
1 Thessalonians 5:14 – "Encourage the disheartened, help the weak, be patient with everyone"
Proverbs 11:25 – “Whoever refreshes others will be refreshed”—a gracious picture of mutual care
Thought Pattern 1: GENTLE RESTORATION
Description: A way of thinking that sees someone’s failure as an opportunity for grace, not judgment
Reference: Galatians 6:1 – “Restore that person gently...”
Comment: This mindset shapes churches into safe spaces for healing. Especially among older adults, it encourages wisdom and compassion to guide others lovingly—passing on grace as it has been received.
Thought Pattern 2: SHARED Burdens, Shared Strength
Description: A heart posture that doesn’t just pray for others but walks with them through trouble
Reference: Galatians 6:2 – “Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.”
Comment: This outlook creates lasting fellowship. It helps believers stay emotionally and spiritually connected, especially in times of grief, illness, or loneliness. For seasoned Christians, it’s a reminder that one of the richest ministries is simply walking with others faithfully.
1: The Call to Freedom - Galatians 1:1-10
2: A Divine Revelation - Galatians 1:11-24
3: The Gospel and the Apostles - Galatians 2:1-10
4: Defending the Gospel - Galatians 2:11-21
5: The True Gospel vs. Legalism - Galatians 3:1-14
6: The Promise of the Spirit - Galatians 3:15-29
7: Sons and Heirs - Galatians 4:1-7
8: The Danger of Turning Back - Galatians 4:8-20
9: Children of Promise, Not of the Law - Galatians 4:21-31
10: Living in Freedom - Galatians 5:1-15
11: Life by the Spirit - Galatians 5:16-26
12: Bearing One Another’s Burdens - Galatians 6:1-10
13: Final Exhortations - Galatians 6:11-18
Bible Study Class – Galatians
"learning to praising God with our joy in the liberty Christ gives."
Book Overview
The book of Galatians stands out as one of the Apostle Paul’s most passionate letters, written to help early Christians hold fast to the true gospel of grace. Paul’s heartfelt words remind us that our relationship with God is based on faith, not just our outward actions. As John Stott, an influential preacher and theologian, once said, “The gospel is not good advice to be obeyed, it is good news to be believed.” Galatians still calls out to every generation: hold on to the freedom you have in Christ.
Five Subjects of Interest
Galatians brims with powerful themes, including:
Freedom in Christ (“It is for freedom that Christ has set us free...” —Galatians 5:1)
The difference between law and grace
The fruits of the Spirit (love, joy, peace, and more)
Unity among believers
Living by faith, not by works
Even historian Philip Schaff noted that “Galatians is the battle cry for Christian liberty,” making it a centerpiece for understanding what it truly means to live as God’s people.
Timeless Wisdom for Today
Across centuries, wise teachers have pointed out how timely Paul’s message still is. Charles Spurgeon observed, “We are not under the law, but under grace. A free salvation comes freely to us.” Galatians teaches us to reject legalism and embrace the joy of God’s unearned favor—something that energizes our faith no matter the season of life.
Practical Applications in Christian Living
Galatians isn’t just a history lesson; it's a guidebook for life. Its wisdom shapes our attitudes, challenges our daily habits, and encourages us to pursue kindness, patience, and humility. When faced with pressure to measure up, Paul’s letter assures us: “The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love” (Galatians 5:6). These words become living truth as we apply them in our families, friendships, and church community.
Why this Book Matters
Galatians deserves our attention because its truths never grow old. Whether you’ve studied the Bible for decades or you’re just starting out, Paul’s words will refresh your understanding of grace, challenge you to grow in faith, and remind you of the freedom Christ intended for every believer. As we open Galatians together, let’s receive its encouragement—not just as ancient wisdom, but as a living invitation to joyful, liberated Christian living.
Same session names, different approach
Session
1: The
Call to Freedom
- Galatians 1:1-10
Printable
Download
Focus:
Paul’s defense of his apostleship and the gospel of grace
Purpose
Statement:
To understand that the gospel is not
man-made but comes from God alone, and to be reminded of the freedom
we have in Christ, which should not be compromised by false
teachings.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 1:1-10 (NIV)
1 Paul, an apostle—sent not from men nor by a man, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead— 2 and all the brothers and sisters with me,
To the churches in Galatia:
3 Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, 4 who gave himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, 5 to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.
6 I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called you to live in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel— 7 which is really no gospel at all. Evidently some people are throwing you into confusion and are trying to pervert the gospel of Christ. 8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse! 9 As we have already said, so now I say again: If anybody is preaching to you a gospel other than what you accepted, let them be under God’s curse!
10 Am I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God? Or am I trying to please people? If I were still trying to please people, I would not be a servant of Christ.
OVERVIEW: The Call to Freedom - Galatians 1:1-10
In the first chapter of Galatians, the Apostle Paul is writing to a group of believers in the region of Galatia who are struggling with the truth of the gospel. Some people had been teaching them that they needed to follow certain rules and laws to be saved, but Paul is reminding them that salvation and freedom in Christ come through faith alone, not by following man-made rules or traditions. Paul is defending his authority as an apostle, emphasizing that the message he brought to them was not from human beings, but directly from God. This passage serves as an important reminder that the gospel is about God’s grace, and that freedom in Christ is not something that should be compromised or distorted by false teachings.
Key Verse: "I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called you to live in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel— which is really no gospel at all." — Galatians 1:6-7
"A preacher once said, 'The gospel is not a message we shape; it is a message that shapes us.'" — John Stott
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Galatians 1:1-10
1.
Galatians 1:1-2: Introduction and Paul’s Authority
“Paul,
an apostle—sent not from men nor by a man, but by Jesus Christ and
God the Father, who raised him from the dead—and all the brothers
and sisters with me, To the churches in Galatia:”
Paul
opens his letter by stating that his apostleship is not from human
authority. His calling to be an apostle came directly from Jesus
Christ and God the Father, not from any human organization or
tradition. This is important because the people in Galatia were being
influenced by false teachers who tried to undermine Paul’s
authority.
—Paul’s authority comes from God, not from man. This sets the tone for everything that follows. He wants the Galatians to trust that the gospel he preached to them is genuine and from God, not something invented by people.
2.
Galatians 1:3-5: Grace and Peace from God
“Grace
and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, who
gave himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age,
according to the will of our God and Father, to whom be glory for
ever and ever. Amen.”
In
these verses, Paul is reminding the Galatians about the heart of the
gospel—the grace and peace that come from God. Jesus gave Himself
for our sins to rescue us from this world’s evil. This is the
message of grace: not by our works, but through Jesus’ sacrifice,
we are saved.
—Grace and peace come from Jesus Christ. It’s important to highlight that salvation is God's gift to us, not something we earn. The freedom we have in Christ comes only through His work on the cross.
3.
Galatians 1:6-7: Paul’s Astonishment at the Galatians’ Desertion
“I
am astonished that you are so quickly deserting the one who called
you to live in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different
gospel— which is really no gospel at all.”
Paul
expresses shock and disappointment that the Galatians are turning
away from the true gospel. He doesn’t just call it a "wrong"
gospel; he calls it “no gospel at all.” This is a strong warning
about the danger of false teachings—anything that distorts the true
message of God’s grace isn’t good news.
—Paul is upset because the Galatians are turning to something that isn’t the gospel. It’s a warning that we should be careful not to let anything distort the truth of what Jesus has done for us.
4.
Galatians 1:8-9: A Curse on False Teachers
“But
even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than
the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse! As we
have already said, so now I say again: If anybody is preaching to you
a gospel other than what you accepted, let them be under God’s
curse!”
Paul
is so serious about the gospel that he says anyone, even himself or
an angel, who preaches a distorted message should be cursed. This
shows how important it is to preserve the truth of God’s grace, and
how strongly Paul feels about protecting the message of the gospel
from being changed.
—The gospel of grace is not something we can change or water down. It must remain pure. Paul is saying that altering it or twisting it is a dangerous thing, and those who do so are under God’s curse.
5.
Galatians 1:10: Seeking the Approval of God, Not Man
“Am
I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God? Or am I
trying to please people? If I were still trying to please people, I
would not be a servant of Christ.”
Paul
closes this section by reaffirming that he is not trying to please
people. He’s not about making himself popular or fitting in. His
purpose is to serve Christ. This is a reminder that, as Christians,
we should focus on pleasing God and staying true to His message, even
when it’s unpopular or uncomfortable.
—Following Christ is not about pleasing people or going along with what’s popular. It’s about staying faithful to God’s truth, no matter the cost.
Reflection: As you read through this passage, think about how easily we can get distracted or led away by false teachings or pressures from the world. Paul reminds us that the true gospel is about God's grace, and it doesn’t need to be changed or added to. It’s all about what Jesus has already done for us. Let’s hold onto that truth and live in the freedom it brings!
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Stolen Recipe
Lena had a secret family recipe for the best chocolate chip cookies in town. It had been passed down for generations, and she guarded it carefully. One day, her friend Jake asked for the recipe. Instead of giving him the real one, she joked, “Just use store-bought dough and add extra sugar.”
A week later, Jake entered a baking contest using Lena’s "recipe." His cookies were a disaster—too sweet and falling apart. When he complained, Lena laughed, “Well, that wasn’t the real recipe! You changed it, and that’s why it didn’t turn out right.”
In Galatians 1:1-10, Paul is doing something similar. The Galatians had received the true gospel—the message of grace through Jesus alone. But some people started changing the "recipe," adding their own rules and traditions. Paul is reminding them, "If you change the gospel, it’s not the gospel anymore!"
Just like cookies made with a fake recipe won’t turn out right, a faith built on a distorted gospel won’t lead to true freedom. Paul wants us to remember: the gospel comes from God, not people. We don’t need to add to it or change it—grace is enough!
Reflection Question: Have you ever felt pressured to "add" something to your faith to make it seem more real? How can you rest in the freedom of God's true gospel today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Paul's Strong Words Against False Teachers
In Galatians 1:8-9, Paul writes: "But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse!" (Galatians 1:8, NIV)
At first glance, this might seem harsh. After all, how could someone, even an angel, be cursed for sharing a message? Paul is emphasizing the seriousness of distorting the gospel. He wants the Galatians to understand that any teaching that adds to or changes the message of salvation through Jesus Christ alone is not just incorrect; it's dangerous. By using strong language, Paul underscores the importance of holding fast to the true gospel and not being swayed by false teachings.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The Call to Freedom - Galatians 1:1-10
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Conviction in the True Gospel→A person grows in clarity and commitment to the one true gospel, rejecting distortions and false teachings.→Galatians 1:6–7
→Boldness in Truth→They develop courage to stand firm for the truth, even when it is unpopular or challenges others.→Galatians 1:8–9
→Discernment→They become spiritually discerning, able to detect when teachings deviate from the grace-centered message of Christ.→Galatians 1:6–7
→God-Pleasing Focus→Their motivation shifts from seeking approval of people to seeking the approval of God.→Galatians 1:10
→Sense of Calling→They begin to live with purpose, recognizing they are called by God, not by human authority.→Galatians 1:1
→Commitment to Grace→They grow in their understanding and appreciation of grace as the foundation of their faith and spiritual freedom.→Galatians 1:3–5
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
When Paul speaks to the Galatians about the “different gospel” that is confusing them, he isn’t just warning them about a minor misstep—he’s emphasizing that altering the message of grace is a serious matter. In Galatians 1:6-9, he makes it clear that any deviation from the gospel of grace, whether by human teachings or something else, is not just wrong but cursed. Paul was passionate because he understood the weight of the true gospel. The freedom we have in Christ isn’t a freedom to do whatever we want, but a freedom to live in the grace of God, empowered to live differently because of Christ's sacrifice. Any other gospel doesn't set us free; it traps us in rules, guilt, and the burden of performance.
What does this mean for us today? Well, it’s easy to be swayed by the pressures of society, where we are told that the message of Jesus is too simple or not enough. We’re tempted by things that sound good but aren't grounded in the truth of God's Word. But the call of freedom in Christ means we don’t need to add anything to what Jesus has already done. The freedom He offers is complete, and it’s for all who believe. We don’t need to try to please others or earn approval; Christ has already set us free, and we can live confidently in that freedom. Let’s remind ourselves that any “different gospel” that tries to distract us from this truth is no gospel at all.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 1:1-10:
2 Corinthians 11:3-4 But I am afraid that just as Eve was deceived by the serpent’s cunning, your minds may somehow be led astray from your sincere and pure devotion to Christ. For if someone comes to you and preaches a Jesus other than the Jesus we preached, or if you receive a different spirit from the Spirit you received, or a different gospel from the one you accepted, you put up with it easily enough.
Romans 1:1-5 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God—the gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the Holy Scriptures regarding his Son, who as to his earthly life was a descendant of David, and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. Through him we received grace and apostleship to call all the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from faith for his name’s sake.
Galatians 1:11-12 I want you to know, brothers and sisters, that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ.
Acts 5:29 Peter and the other apostles replied: “We must obey God rather than human beings!"
1 Corinthians 15:1-4 Now, brothers and sisters, I want to remind you of the gospel I preached to you, which you received and on which you have taken your stand. By this gospel you are saved, if you hold firmly to the word I preached to you. Otherwise, you have believed in vain. For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
Why does Paul emphasize that his apostleship is from God and not from human beings?
+ Paul starts his letter by asserting that his role as an apostle comes directly from Jesus Christ and God the Father, not from any human authority. This is important because some people were questioning his authority and the message he preached. By stating that his apostleship is God-given, Paul establishes the credibility of his teachings and the gospel he shares.
What does Paul mean when he says, "If anyone is preaching to you a gospel other than what you accepted, let them be under God’s curse"?
+ Paul is warning the Galatians against false teachers who were trying to add extra rules or requirements to the gospel, like insisting on circumcision. He stresses that any message that changes the simple truth of salvation through faith in Jesus Christ alone is not the true gospel. By saying such people should be "under God’s curse," Paul is highlighting the seriousness of distorting the gospel message.
How can we ensure that we are not swayed by false teachings today?
+ To avoid being misled, it's crucial to know the true gospel as presented in the Bible. This means regularly reading and studying Scripture, being part of a community that values biblical truth, and being open to the guidance of the Holy Spirit. By grounding ourselves in the Word of God and seeking understanding through prayer and fellowship, we can recognize and resist teachings that stray from the gospel of grace.
Session
2: A
Divine Revelation
- Galatians 1:11-24
Printable
Download
Focus:
Paul’s personal testimony and divine calling
Purpose
Statement:
To reflect on Paul’s journey of transformation and how God reveals
His truth to us personally, calling us to faith
and obedience
to the gospel, regardless of past failures or traditions.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 1:11-24 (NIV)
11 I want you to know, brothers and sisters, that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. 12 I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ.
13 For you have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism, how intensely I persecuted the church of God and tried to destroy it. 14 I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people and was extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers. 15 But when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by his grace, was pleased 16 to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach him among the Gentiles, my immediate response was not to consult any human being. 17 I did not go up to Jerusalem to see those who were apostles before I was, but I went into Arabia. Later I returned to Damascus.
18 Then after three years, I went up to Jerusalem to get acquainted with Cephas and stayed with him fifteen days. 19 I saw none of the other apostles—only James, the Lord’s brother. 20 I assure you before God that what I am writing you is no lie.
21 Then I went to Syria and Cilicia. 22 I was personally unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. 23 They only heard the report: “The man who formerly persecuted us is now preaching the faith he once tried to destroy.” 24 And they praised God because of me.
OVERVIEW: A Divine Revelation - Galatians 1:11-24
In this passage, Paul shares his personal story of how he came to know the truth of the gospel. He was once a fierce opponent of Christians, even persecuting them, but God revealed the truth to him in a powerful way. Paul’s transformation shows that no one is beyond God’s reach, and that God can change even the hardest heart. Through this, we learn that God’s calling is personal. His truth is not something we inherit through tradition or man-made rules, but something He reveals to us directly. Paul’s story is a reminder that, no matter our past, God can call us to faith and obedience.
Key Verse: "But when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach him among the Gentiles, my immediate response was not to consult any human being." — Galatians 1:15-16
"God doesn't call the qualified, He qualifies the called." — Unknown
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Galatians 1:11-24
1.
Galatians 1:11-12: The Gospel Paul Preached
“I
want you to know, brothers and sisters, that the gospel I preached is
not of human origin. I did not receive it from any man, nor was I
taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus
Christ.”
Paul
starts by emphasizing that the gospel he preaches didn’t come from
people or traditions. It came directly from Jesus through divine
revelation. This is significant because it highlights that the truth
Paul shares is not based on human opinion but on God’s personal
revelation to him.
— The gospel Paul preaches is not something man-made—it’s a message directly from Jesus Christ. This means that the gospel is pure and trustworthy.
2.
Galatians 1:13-14: Paul’s Past as a Persecutor
“For
you have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism, how intensely I
persecuted the church of God and tried to destroy it. I was advancing
in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people and was
extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers.”
Paul
doesn’t shy away from talking about his past. Before becoming a
follower of Christ, he was a leader in the Jewish faith and violently
opposed Christians. His past was filled with persecution and pride in
his religious traditions.
— Paul’s story reminds us that our past mistakes don’t define us. God can redeem anyone, no matter how far they’ve gone astray. Paul’s transformation shows the power of God’s grace to change even the hardest of hearts.
3.
Galatians 1:15-16: Paul’s Divine Calling
“But
when God, who set me apart from my mother’s womb and called me by
his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach
him among the Gentiles, I did not consult any man.”
Paul
shares how God called him from his mother's womb, meaning that God
had a plan for him even before he was born. This was a divine
calling, and it happened when God chose to reveal His Son to Paul
personally. The moment of Paul's conversion wasn’t because of human
effort or influence—it was purely by God’s grace.
— God has a plan for everyone. He doesn’t call us based on our past actions, but by His grace and for His purposes. His calling is personal, and He reveals His truth to us when He is ready.
4.
Galatians 1:17-18: Paul’s Response to the Call
“I
did not go up to Jerusalem to see those who were apostles before I
was, but I went into Arabia. Later I returned to Damascus. Then after
three years, I went up to Jerusalem to get acquainted with Cephas and
stayed with him fifteen days.”
After
his conversion, Paul didn’t rush to meet other apostles or leaders.
Instead, he spent time in Arabia and Damascus, reflecting on what God
had revealed to him. It wasn’t until three years later that he went
to Jerusalem to meet Peter and other leaders of the church.
— Paul’s response to his divine calling was not to seek approval from others. He took time to understand and reflect on the truth God revealed to him before sharing it with others. This teaches us the importance of personal reflection and growth in our own relationship with God.
5.
Galatians 1:19-24: Paul’s Growing Influence
“I
saw none of the other apostles—only James, the Lord’s brother. I
assure you before God that what I am writing you is no lie. Later I
went to Syria and Cilicia. I was personally unknown to the churches
of Judea that are in Christ. They only heard the report: ‘The man
who formerly persecuted us is now preaching the faith he once tried
to destroy.’ And they praised God because of me.”
Paul
explains that, after his time in Jerusalem, he continued his ministry
in other areas. The churches in Judea heard of his transformation and
rejoiced that someone who once persecuted the church was now
preaching the faith he tried to destroy. His testimony became a
powerful witness to God’s work in his life.
— Paul’s life shows us the power of personal transformation. People were amazed by how God had changed him, and it brought glory to God. Our own stories of change can serve as powerful testimonies of God's grace.
Reflection:
Paul’s journey of transformation shows us that God’s calling is personal. Just as He revealed the truth to Paul, He calls each of us to faith and obedience. No matter what our past looks like, God’s grace is greater. Our mistakes or failures don’t have to define us. What matters is how God has revealed His truth to us and how we respond to His calling in our lives.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Broken Road and the New Path
Ethan had always taken the same route to work—a long, winding road through town. It was familiar, comfortable, and part of his daily routine. One morning, he found the road completely closed for repairs. Frustrated, he had no choice but to follow a detour.
To his surprise, the new route was faster, smoother, and had way less traffic. He realized he had been stuck in his old way simply because it was what he had always known. The road closure forced him to see a better path.
Paul had been on his own “familiar road” too—zealously following religious traditions, convinced he was doing the right thing. But then, Jesus stopped him in his tracks. His old path was broken, and God revealed a new way: the gospel of grace. Paul didn’t find it through human teaching, but through a divine revelation. His life changed completely.
Like Ethan, we can get stuck in routines, traditions, or past mistakes. But God calls us to something greater. He meets us where we are and reveals His truth in ways we may not expect. No past failure or old habit is too strong for God’s grace to transform.
Reflection Question: Is there an area in your life where God may be leading you to a “new path” of faith and obedience? How can you be open to His direction?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Paul's Radical Transformation
In
Galatians 1:13-16, Paul shares how he once persecuted Christians, but
God radically changed his life:
"For
you have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism, how intensely I
persecuted the church of God and tried to destroy it. I was advancing
in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people and was
extremely zealous for the traditions of my fathers."
(Galatians 1:13-14, NIV)
What’s surprising here is that Paul was not just an unbeliever; he was actively working against the early church. He was deeply committed to his Jewish traditions, and in his mind, the gospel message was a threat. Yet, God chose him—someone who was far from faith—to reveal the truth and call him to become an apostle. This reminds us that no one is beyond the reach of God’s grace. Even those with a history of opposition to the gospel can be radically transformed by God's love and calling.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously A Divine Revelation - Galatians 1:11-24
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Dependence on God's Revelation→A person learns to rely on direct revelation from God through Scripture and the Holy Spirit, not just human tradition or opinion.→Galatians 1:11–12
→Transformation by Grace→They reflect a life changed by encountering Christ, marked by radical inner transformation.→Galatians 1:13–16
→Humility About the Past→They acknowledge past failures or opposition to God without shame, using it as testimony to God's redemptive power.→Galatians 1:13–14
→Clarity of Calling→They grow in understanding their unique calling from God, shaped by divine purpose rather than human influence.→Galatians 1:15–16
→Patience in Growth→They accept God's timing in spiritual development and are not rushed by others’ expectations.→Galatians 1:17–18
→Desire to Glorify God→They live in a way that points others to glorify God because of the transformation in their life.→Galatians 1:23–24
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
Paul’s testimony is an incredible reminder of the power of God’s transformation. Before meeting Christ, Paul (then Saul) was a persecutor of Christians, zealously trying to destroy the very faith he later became the most passionate proponent of. This dramatic shift shows us that no one is too far gone for God’s grace. Paul didn’t earn his calling; he was chosen and revealed the truth of Jesus Christ in a personal and life-changing way. What’s remarkable is that God’s revelation to Paul didn’t just change his actions; it changed the very core of who he was. His past, his identity, and even his relationships were all transformed by this encounter.
This same kind of personal revelation is available to all of us. We don’t have to be defined by our past mistakes, failures, or traditions. God calls us to Himself, not because of our worthiness, but because of His love and grace. And just as God called Paul, He calls each of us to live out the gospel with purpose and boldness. There’s no such thing as an unqualified person when God calls; He equips and empowers. Paul’s journey reminds us that transformation is possible for anyone, no matter their background, and that God’s grace can turn even the hardest hearts into passionate witnesses for Christ.
What does this mean for us today? Maybe you feel like you’re too far from God’s plan for your life because of past mistakes or your current struggles. But the good news is, God’s calling doesn’t depend on where you’ve been; it depends on where He wants to take you. Just like Paul, God has a unique and powerful purpose for each of us—one that can only be fulfilled through His grace. The invitation to follow Christ is always personal, and it’s never too late to step into the new life He offers.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 1:11-24:
Acts 9:1-6 Meanwhile, Saul was still breathing out murderous threats against the Lord’s disciples. He went to the high priest and asked him for letters to the synagogues in Damascus, so that if he found any there who belonged to the Way, whether men or women, he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem. As he neared Damascus on his journey, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him. He fell to the ground and heard a voice say to him, “Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?” “Who are you, Lord?” Saul asked. “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting,” he replied. “Now get up and go into the city, and you will be told what you must do.”
Philippians 3:4-6 If someone else thinks they have reasons to put confidence in the flesh, I have more: circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; in regard to the law, a Pharisee; as for zeal, persecuting the church; as for righteousness based on the law, faultless.
1 Timothy 1:13-16 Even though I was once a blasphemer and a persecutor and a violent man, I was shown mercy because I acted in ignorance and unbelief. The grace of our Lord was poured out on me abundantly, along with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus. Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners—of whom I am the worst. But for that very reason I was shown mercy so that in me, the worst of sinners, Christ Jesus might display his immense patience as an example for those who would believe in him and receive eternal life.
2 Corinthians 5:17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come: The old has gone, the new is here!
Ephesians 3:8 Although I am less than the least of all the Lord’s people, this grace was given me: to preach to the Gentiles the boundless riches of Christ.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
How did Paul’s past affect his calling, and why do you think God chose someone with such a history to preach the gospel?
+ Paul’s past as a persecutor of the church might seem like an obstacle to his calling, but God used his history to demonstrate the power of grace. Paul's transformation is a testament to how God’s power can change anyone, no matter their past mistakes or opposition to the gospel. His story also emphasizes that God doesn’t just use “perfect” people—He works through those who are willing to be transformed.
What does it mean for us to have a "divine revelation" from God like Paul did? How does God reveal His truth to us today?
+ Paul's experience of divine revelation was personal and life-changing—Jesus directly revealed Himself to Paul on the road to Damascus. Today, God continues to reveal His truth to us through the Bible, prayer, the Holy Spirit, and the fellowship of believers. While our experience may not be as dramatic as Paul's, God still calls us into a personal relationship with Him and speaks to us in ways that guide our lives.
How can we overcome past failures or traditions that may hinder our walk with Christ and our ability to serve Him?
+ Paul had to overcome his zealous commitment to the traditions of Judaism, which had led him to oppose Christianity. For us, it may not be the same traditions, but past failures or old habits can sometimes hinder our ability to fully embrace God’s calling. By trusting in God’s grace and being open to transformation, we can break free from anything that holds us back from walking in the freedom of Christ. God’s forgiveness allows us to move forward and live out our new identity in Him.
Session
3: The
Gospel and the Apostles
- Galatians 2:1-10
Printable
Download
Focus:
Paul’s interaction with the apostles in Jerusalem
Purpose
Statement:
To highlight the unity in the gospel message and the importance of
grace
over works,
showing that salvation is through faith alone, not through observance
of the law.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 2:1-10 (NIV)
1 Then after fourteen years, I went up again to Jerusalem, this time with Barnabas. I took Titus along also. 2 I went in response to a revelation and, meeting privately with those esteemed as leaders, I presented to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. I wanted to be sure I was not running and had not been running my race in vain. 3 Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek. 4 This matter arose because some false believers had infiltrated our ranks to spy on the freedom we have in Christ Jesus and to make us slaves. 5 We did not give in to them for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you.
6 As for those who were held in high esteem—whatever they were makes no difference to me; God does not show favoritism—they added nothing to my message. 7 On the contrary, they recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised. 8 For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. 9 James, Cephas and John, those esteemed as pillars, gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship when they recognized the grace given to me. They agreed that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcised. 10 All they asked was that we should continue to remember the poor, the very thing I had been eager to do all along.
OVERVIEW:
In this passage, Paul recounts a visit he made to Jerusalem to meet with the apostles, including Peter, James, and John. He shared the gospel he had been preaching to the Gentiles, and after careful discussion, they recognized that the message of salvation by faith in Jesus Christ was the same for both Jews and Gentiles. Paul emphasizes that there was no need for Gentile believers to be circumcised or follow the Jewish law to be saved. This moment of unity among the apostles solidified the truth that salvation is by grace alone, through faith alone.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 2:1-2“Then after fourteen years, I went up again to Jerusalem, this time with Barnabas. I took Titus along also. I went in response to a revelation and set before them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. I wanted to be sure I was not running and had not been running my race in vain.”
Explanation: Paul describes a significant meeting with the Jerusalem apostles, 14 years after his first visit. His purpose was to confirm that his gospel message was the same as what the apostles were teaching. It was important for Paul to ensure that his work was in line with the message of Christ, and this meeting confirmed the unity of the gospel message.
Galatians 2:3-5“Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek. This matter arose because some false believers had infiltrated our ranks to spy on the freedom we have in Christ Jesus and to make us slaves. We did not give in to them for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you.”
Explanation: Paul highlights a key issue—whether or not Gentile believers needed to be circumcised according to Jewish law. The false teachers tried to convince the apostles and Paul that Gentiles should follow the law, but Paul firmly rejected this idea, affirming that salvation is by grace through faith, not through following the law.
Galatians 2:6-7“As for those who were held in high esteem—whatever they were makes no difference to me; God does not show favoritism—they added nothing to my message. On the contrary, they recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised.”
Explanation: Paul emphasizes that his message was affirmed by the apostles. He notes that God does not show favoritism and that the apostles recognized his mission to the Gentiles, just as Peter had a mission to the Jews. This was a powerful affirmation of the unity of the gospel across different groups of people.
Galatians 2:8-9“For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. James, Cephas (Peter), and John, those esteemed as pillars, gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship when they recognized the grace given to me. They agreed that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the Jews.”
Explanation: The apostles affirmed that God’s grace was working through both Paul and Peter. Even though their missions were directed to different people (Jews for Peter, Gentiles for Paul), they both preached the same gospel. The church leaders, recognizing the work of God, gave Paul and Barnabas their blessing to continue their ministry.
Galatians 2:10“All they asked was that we should continue to remember the poor, the very thing I had been eager to do all along.”
Explanation: The apostles’ final request was for Paul and Barnabas to continue caring for the poor. This simple yet powerful request reminds us that the gospel involves both faith and action, particularly in how we care for those in need.
Reflection and Application
In this passage, we see that Paul, though a powerful leader in the church, sought confirmation from the apostles about his message. This was not out of doubt, but out of a desire for unity in the gospel. The core truth is that salvation is through faith alone in Jesus Christ, not through adherence to the law. This truth is just as crucial today as it was for the early church.
For us, the key takeaway is to recognize that salvation is not about religious rituals or following rules—it’s about grace through faith in Christ. As we reflect on this, we should ask ourselves: are we tempted to rely on our own efforts or traditions for approval with God, or are we living in the freedom that comes from Christ’s finished work on the cross?
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Team with One Playbook
Jenna loved basketball, but her new team was struggling. Everyone played their own way, ignoring the coach’s strategies. Some players focused only on offense, while others refused to pass. It was chaos, and they kept losing.
One day, the coach called a meeting. He held up the team playbook and said, “We all have to follow the same game plan. If we each make up our own rules, we’ll never win. But if we trust this strategy, we’ll succeed—together.”
In Galatians 2:1-10, Paul meets with the other apostles in Jerusalem. Even though they had different backgrounds and experiences, they realized they were all following the same “playbook”—the gospel of Jesus Christ. The message didn’t change based on who preached it. Salvation wasn’t about following extra rules or traditions, but about faith in Christ alone.
Just like Jenna’s team needed unity under one game plan, Christians need unity in the gospel. It’s not about personal opinions or extra requirements—it’s about trusting in the grace of Jesus. When we stand firm in that truth, we can move forward in faith, together.
Reflection Question: Are there times when you feel pressure to add extra “rules” to your faith? How can you focus on grace and unity in the gospel?
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The Gospel and the Apostles - Galatians 2:1-10
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Unity in the Gospel→A person values gospel unity across diverse backgrounds and respects the shared mission with other believers.→Galatians 2:1–2
→Steadfastness in Truth→They remain firm in defending the truth of the gospel, even when facing opposition or pressure to compromise.→Galatians 2:4–5
→Discernment in Fellowship→They grow in discernment about who to partner with in ministry, prioritizing faithfulness to gospel truth.→Galatians 2:3–5
→Recognition of God’s Work in Others→They learn to recognize and respect the grace God has given to others, avoiding comparison or rivalry.→Galatians 2:7–9
→Respect for Apostolic Authority→They show humility and respect toward spiritual leadership while maintaining personal accountability to God's calling.→Galatians 2:2, 6–9
→Commitment to the Poor→They reflect gospel compassion through intentional care for the poor and marginalized.→Galatians 2:10
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 2:1-10, we see Paul defending the message of salvation by grace alone, through faith alone. His meeting with the apostles in Jerusalem highlights the unity of the gospel message. The apostles, though having different backgrounds (Peter to the Jews and Paul to the Gentiles), all agreed that salvation is not dependent on observing the law or rituals like circumcision, but on the grace of God received through faith in Jesus Christ. The “right hand of fellowship” extended to Paul and Barnabas shows that they were all united in their mission to spread the gospel to different people groups, with a common goal of bringing people to Christ.
This passage helps us understand that the gospel is not about what we can do to earn God’s favor, but about what Christ has already done for us. The early church wrestled with the question of whether Gentile believers needed to become Jewish (by following the law) in order to be saved. But the consensus was clear: no. Salvation is a free gift that cannot be earned, and it’s available to all people—whether Jew or Gentile—through faith in Jesus.
What does this mean for us today? It reminds us that salvation is not a checklist of things to do, but a relationship with Jesus. We don’t have to strive to prove ourselves or try to meet certain standards to earn God’s love. Instead, we accept it freely by faith. Just like Paul and the apostles, we are called to share this message of grace with everyone, regardless of their background, and to remember that it’s not about works, but about faith. Grace changes everything, and when we grasp this truth, we can live in the freedom Christ offers us, knowing we are fully accepted by God, just as we are.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 2:1-10:
Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.
Romans 3:28 For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.
Acts 15:7-11 After much discussion, Peter got up and addressed them: “Brothers, you know that some time ago God made a choice among you that the Gentiles might hear from my lips the message of the gospel and believe. God, who knows the heart, showed that he accepted them by giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as he did to us. He did not discriminate between us and them, for he purified their hearts by faith. Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the neck of Gentiles a yoke that neither we nor our ancestors have been able to bear? No! We believe it is through the grace of our Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are.”
Philippians 3:7-9 But whatever were gains to me I now consider loss for the sake of Christ. What is more, I consider everything a loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them garbage, that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ—the righteousness that comes from God on the basis of faith.
Romans 4:4-5 Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift but as an obligation. However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness.
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
Why was it so important for Paul to meet with the apostles in Jerusalem?
How do you think the message of grace over works can be misunderstood today?
In what ways can we, as a church, continue to show unity around the gospel message?
What does it mean for us to “remember the poor” in the context of the gospel?
Session
4: Defending
the Gospel
- Galatians 2:11-21
Printable
Download
Focus:
Paul’s confrontation with Peter over hypocrisy
Purpose
Statement:
To challenge us to live consistently with the gospel
of grace,
not allowing cultural or social pressures to cause us to live in ways
that contradict the truth of God’s Word.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 2:11-21 (NIV)
11 When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. 12 For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group. 13 The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray.
14 When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of them all, “You are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. How is it, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?
15 “We who are Jews by birth and not sinful Gentiles 16 know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no one will be justified.
17 “But if, in seeking to be justified in Christ, we Jews find ourselves also among the sinners, doesn’t that mean that Christ promotes sin? Absolutely not! 18 If I rebuild what I destroyed, then I really would be a lawbreaker.
19 “For through the law I died to the law so that I might live for God. 20 I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. 21 I do not set aside the grace of God, for if righteousness could be gained through the law, Christ died for nothing!”
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 2:11-21, Paul recounts a crucial moment in the early church where he confronted the apostle Peter, a leader in the church, over his actions that contradicted the gospel of grace. Peter, who had previously embraced Gentile believers and shared table fellowship with them, withdrew from them when certain Jewish Christians arrived, fearing the judgment of others. Paul boldly stood up to Peter, calling out his hypocrisy and reminding him that righteousness comes through faith in Christ alone, not through observing the law. This passage highlights the importance of living consistently with the gospel, standing firm in the truth, and not yielding to social pressures or fear of man.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 2:11“When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned.”
Explanation: Paul begins by describing his confrontation with Peter (referred to as Cephas). This was a bold move because Peter was a prominent leader in the church. Paul says that Peter "stood condemned" because his actions were inconsistent with the gospel of grace. Peter was acting in a way that undermined the unity and freedom found in Christ.
Galatians 2:12“For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group.”
Explanation: Peter had initially been open to fellowship with the Gentiles, sharing meals with them as a sign of unity. However, when some Jewish believers arrived, Peter withdrew out of fear of their judgment. This fear led him to act contrary to the gospel message, which does not distinguish between Jews and Gentiles in Christ.
Galatians 2:13-14“The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray. When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of them all, ‘You are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. How is it, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?’”
Explanation: Paul expresses how Peter’s actions led others, including Barnabas, astray. This was more than just a personal failing—it was affecting the church as a whole. Paul confronted Peter publicly because his actions were not in line with the gospel of grace. Peter’s hypocrisy was causing division and confusion, and Paul couldn’t allow that to continue.
Paul’s rhetorical question highlights the inconsistency of Peter’s behavior: if Peter, a Jew, lived like a Gentile by eating with them, why should Gentiles be forced to follow Jewish customs to be accepted?
Galatians 2:15-16“We who are Jews by birth and not sinful Gentiles know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no one will be justified.”
Explanation: Paul reminds the Galatians (and Peter) that justification (being made right with God) comes only through faith in Christ, not by observing the law. This is a central message of the gospel. Paul emphasizes that the law cannot justify anyone; it is only through faith in Jesus that we are made right with God.
Galatians 2:17“But if, in seeking to be justified in Christ, we Jews find ourselves also among the sinners, doesn’t that mean that Christ promotes sin? Absolutely not!”
Explanation: Paul anticipates an objection. If salvation comes by faith, then does that mean Christ is promoting sin? Paul quickly answers “Absolutely not!” He explains that salvation through faith does not mean we can live however we want; rather, it means that we are freed from the law and made right with God through Christ’s righteousness.
Galatians 2:18-19“If I rebuild what I destroyed, then I really would be a lawbreaker. For through the law I died to the law so that I might live for God.”
Explanation: Paul is saying that if he returned to living under the law after being freed by Christ, it would be like rebuilding something he had already torn down. He died to the law through Christ in order to live for God. Paul’s point is that the law no longer has control over him; his new life is lived through faith in Christ.
Galatians 2:20“I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.”
Explanation: Paul speaks of his own identification with Christ’s death and resurrection. As a believer, Paul has been crucified with Christ—his old self is gone, and Christ now lives in him. This verse beautifully captures the essence of the Christian life: it is no longer about following rules but living by faith in Christ, who gave Himself for us.
Galatians 2:21“I do not set aside the grace of God, for if righteousness could be gained through the law, Christ died for nothing!”
Explanation: Paul concludes by emphasizing the central truth of the gospel: if righteousness could be achieved through the law, then Christ’s death would have been meaningless. But Christ did die, and His grace is the only way we are justified before God.
Reflection and Application
Paul’s confrontation with Peter serves as a stark reminder that our actions must align with the gospel message we profess. It is easy to fall into the trap of cultural conformity or fear of man, but we must never let those pressures lead us to compromise the truth of God’s Word. Paul challenges us to live consistently with the gospel of grace. It’s not about following laws or rituals—it’s about having a transformed life through faith in Christ.
Just as Paul called Peter to account, we must be willing to stand up for the gospel when we see others (or even ourselves) living in ways that contradict its truth. Living by grace means that we don’t allow fear of others’ opinions to dictate how we live, but rather, we live according to the freedom Christ offers us.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Two-Faced Customer
Mia worked at a small coffee shop and had a regular customer, Mr. Taylor. Every morning, he was kind and friendly, always tipping generously and chatting with the baristas. But one day, Mia saw him at a fancy restaurant treating the staff completely differently—snapping at the waiter, complaining about everything, and acting rude.
She was shocked. “How can he be so kind here but act like a totally different person somewhere else?”
In Galatians 2:11-21, Paul sees Peter doing something similar. Peter knew that salvation came by grace alone and had no problem eating with Gentile believers—until some strict Jewish Christians showed up. Then, Peter pulled away from the Gentiles, acting as if they weren’t good enough. Paul called him out, saying, “You’re not living in line with the gospel!”
Sometimes, we act one way around church friends and another way when we’re with people who don’t share our faith. But the gospel doesn’t change based on who’s watching. We are called to live in grace and truth at all times, not letting fear or pressure push us into hypocrisy.
Reflection Question: Are there times when you act differently depending on who you’re around? How can you live consistently in the freedom of God’s grace?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Paul Confronts Peter Over Hypocrisy
In
Galatians 2:11-14, Paul describes a confrontation with Peter, one of
the leading apostles. Peter had been eating with Gentiles, but when
certain people came from Jerusalem, he withdrew from them, fearing
the criticism of the Jewish Christians:
"When
Cephas (Peter) came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he
stood condemned. For before certain men came from James, he used to
eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back
and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those
who belonged to the circumcision group. The other Jews joined him in
his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led
astray."
(Galatians 2:11-13, NIV)
What’s surprising here is that Paul, who was a younger apostle and often in the position of learning from Peter, publicly rebukes him for being inconsistent with the gospel message. Peter was acting hypocritically by showing favor to certain people (Jews) and distancing himself from others (Gentiles), which contradicted the freedom in Christ that the gospel promotes. This shows us that no one, no matter how great their position, is above correction when they act against the truth of the gospel.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Defending the Gospel - Galatians 2:11-21
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Courage to Confront Hypocrisy→A person grows in the ability to lovingly confront fellow believers when their actions contradict the truth of the gospel.→Galatians 2:11–14
→Consistency in Conduct→They seek to live in a way that aligns with their gospel beliefs, avoiding behavior that causes confusion or division.→Galatians 2:13–14
→Clarity on Justification by Faith→They develop a firm grasp of salvation by faith in Christ alone, not by works or legalism.→Galatians 2:15–16
→Death to Self-Righteousness→They stop relying on self-effort or religious performance and rest in Christ’s righteousness.→Galatians 2:19–21
→Identity in Christ→They increasingly live from a place of identity rooted in being crucified with Christ and made alive in Him.→Galatians 2:20
→Valuing Grace Over Law→They grow in honoring the grace of God as central to salvation, refusing to nullify it by trying to earn God’s favor through the law.→Galatians 2:21
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 2:11-21, we witness Paul courageously confronting Peter for his hypocrisy in Antioch. Peter, once confident in eating with the Gentiles and embracing the truth of the gospel that salvation comes by grace through faith, suddenly began to pull away from the Gentile believers when certain Jewish believers came to town. His actions were inconsistent with the truth he had once boldly proclaimed. This behavior was not just a small slip-up but a serious contradiction of the gospel, which Paul rightly addressed.
What Peter did may seem like a small social mistake, but it was actually undermining the core message of the gospel: that salvation is by grace alone, through faith alone. The law no longer has the power to save, and to suggest that it does by avoiding Gentiles or imposing old customs would lead others astray. Paul’s challenge to Peter wasn't just a personal rebuke; it was a defense of the truth of the gospel, which is rooted in God’s grace and not human effort or tradition.
For us, this passage is a powerful reminder to live consistently with the gospel we profess. It’s easy to get caught up in cultural or social pressures, especially when we feel the need to fit in or gain approval from certain groups. But the gospel calls us to live differently. Just as Peter’s actions threatened to mislead others, we too must be careful not to let our behaviors—whether in private or public—contradict the grace of God we’ve received. The truth of the gospel, that we are justified by faith in Christ, should transform the way we live, act, and interact with others. We don’t need to try to please people or follow cultural norms that go against God’s Word. Instead, we are called to be faithful to the grace of God, remembering that our identity is rooted in Christ, not in the approval of others or in any law we might try to follow.
The life of freedom we have in Christ means we are free from the need to perform or conform to the expectations of those around us. This doesn’t mean we abandon all social norms or relationships; rather, it means we live with integrity, staying true to the gospel’s message of grace and love. Just as Paul lived “by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me” (Galatians 2:20), we too are called to live in the same grace, making sure that our lives reflect the truth of the gospel in all we do.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 2:11-21:
Romans 3:28 For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.
James 2:14-17 What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save them? Suppose a brother or a sister is without clothes and daily food. If one of you says to them, “Go in peace; keep warm and well fed,” but does nothing about their physical needs, what good is it? In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead.
Matthew 23:27-28 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean. In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.”
Romans 6:11-14 In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin but alive to God in Christ Jesus. Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its evil desires. Do not offer any part of yourself to sin as an instrument of wickedness, but rather offer yourselves to God, as those who have been brought from death to life; and offer every part of yourself to him as an instrument of righteousness. For sin shall no longer be your master, because you are not under the law, but under grace.
Titus 2:11-12 For the grace of God has appeared that offers salvation to all people. It teaches us to say “No” to ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled, upright and godly lives in this present age...
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
Why was Peter’s behavior considered hypocritical, and what does this teach us about how we should live according to the gospel?
+ Peter’s actions were hypocritical because he knew that salvation was for all people, Jew and Gentile alike, but when the "circumcision group" came, he withdrew from the Gentiles out of fear. His behavior contradicted the gospel of grace, which teaches that there is no division in Christ. Peter allowed social and cultural pressures to influence his actions, which is a reminder for us not to let external expectations or fears pull us away from the truth of the gospel.
What does Paul’s confrontation with Peter teach us about standing up for the truth of the gospel, even when it’s uncomfortable?
+ Paul’s bold confrontation with Peter teaches us that standing for the gospel requires courage and integrity, even when it’s difficult. Paul didn’t shy away from challenging Peter, even though Peter was an important leader in the early church. For us, this means that we need to be willing to speak out and stand firm in the truth of the gospel, especially when our actions or the actions of others contradict the message of grace and unity in Christ.
How do cultural or social pressures today cause us to compromise the gospel, and what can we do to resist that?
+ Just like Peter was influenced by the opinions of others, we can sometimes feel pressure from society, friends, or family to compromise what we believe. Whether it’s avoiding certain people, pretending to be someone we’re not, or choosing acceptance over truth, cultural pressures can make it hard to live out the gospel. To resist these pressures, we must focus on the truth of God’s Word, stay connected to our faith community, and continually remind ourselves of the freedom we have in Christ, which isn’t based on the approval of others.
Session
5: The
True Gospel vs. Legalism
- Galatians 3:1-14
Printable
Download
Focus:
The difference between salvation by works and salvation by
faith
Purpose
Statement:
To emphasize the grace
that is central to salvation and to remind us that faith
in Christ alone, not following the law, makes us righteous before
God.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 3:1-14 (NIV)
1 You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified. 2 I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard? 3 Are you so foolish? After beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh? 4 Have you experienced so much in vain—if it really was in vain? 5 So again I ask, does God give you his Spirit and work miracles among you by the works of the law, or by your believing what you heard? 6 So also Abraham “believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”
7 Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham. 8 Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.” 9 So those who rely on faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.
10 For all who rely on the works of the law are under a curse, as it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.” 11 Clearly no one who relies on the law is justified before God, because “the righteous will live by faith.” 12 The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, it says, “The person who does these things will live by them.” 13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.” 14 He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.
OVERVIEW:
In this passage, Paul confronts the Galatians for turning to legalism—believing that salvation could be earned by observing the law, instead of relying on faith in Christ. He reminds them of the powerful truth of the gospel: salvation is a gift from God, not something we can earn by following rules. Paul explains that the Holy Spirit comes to us by faith, not by works, and that Christ’s sacrifice on the cross is the only way to be justified before God. In these verses, Paul emphasizes the sufficiency of Christ’s work and challenges the Galatians to reject legalistic thinking in favor of living by faith.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 3:1“You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified.”
Explanation: Paul starts with a strong rebuke. The Galatians had clearly understood the message of salvation by faith, yet they were now being swayed by false teachers who promoted a works-based salvation. Paul calls them “foolish” for being so easily deceived, as if someone had cast a spell on them. He reminds them of the clear truth of the gospel: Christ was crucified for their salvation.
Galatians 3:2 “I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by believing what you heard?”
Explanation: Paul asks a simple but powerful question. He challenges the Galatians to remember how they received the Holy Spirit—was it by obeying the law, or was it by faith in what they had heard about Christ? The answer is obvious: the Holy Spirit was received by faith. This points to the truth that salvation and spiritual empowerment come through faith in Christ, not through law-keeping.
Galatians 3:3 “Are you so foolish? After beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by means of the flesh?”
Explanation: Paul continues to challenge the Galatians, questioning their reasoning. If they started their Christian life by the Spirit (through faith), why would they now try to complete it through human effort (works of the law)? This is a clear contradiction. The Christian life is sustained by faith, not by trying to earn God’s favor through our own efforts.
Galatians 3:4 “Have you experienced so much in vain—if it really was in vain?”
Explanation: Paul urges the Galatians to consider their past experiences with God. He asks if all the spiritual experiences they’ve had were meaningless if they are now turning to legalism. He’s encouraging them to see the contradiction between their past faith and their current focus on works.
Galatians 3:5 “So again I ask, does God give you his Spirit and work miracles among you by the works of the law, or by your believing what you heard?”
Explanation: Paul repeats his question to drive the point home. The miracles and gifts of the Spirit were not given because of the law, but because of faith. He wants the Galatians to recognize that God’s power in their lives is not connected to rule-keeping but to faith in the gospel.
Galatians 3:6-7 “So also Abraham ‘believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.’ Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham.”
Explanation: Paul takes the Galatians back to Abraham, who was justified by faith long before the law was given. Abraham’s righteousness came from believing God’s promises, not from obeying the law. Paul emphasizes that true children of Abraham are those who have faith, not those who try to earn God’s favor through the law.
Galatians 3:8-9 “Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: ‘All nations will be blessed through you.’ So those who rely on faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.”
Explanation: Paul points out that even in the Old Testament, God’s plan for salvation by faith was foretold. God told Abraham that through him, all nations would be blessed, which was a prophecy of the gospel reaching the Gentiles. Those who rely on faith, not the law, are the true recipients of God’s blessing, just like Abraham.
Galatians 3:10 “For all who rely on the works of the law are under a curse, as it is written: ‘Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.’”
Explanation: Paul makes a stark contrast between faith and works. Anyone who tries to live by the law and obey every command is under a curse because no one can perfectly keep the law. The law demands perfection, and failing to keep it means falling short of God’s standard. Therefore, salvation by works is impossible.
Galatians 3:11-12 “Clearly no one who relies on the law is justified before God, because ‘the righteous will live by faith.’ The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, it says, ‘The person who does these things will live by them.’”
Explanation: Paul quotes Scripture to emphasize that righteousness comes by faith, not by the law. The law says that those who keep it will live, but it doesn’t offer grace for failure. Righteousness through the law depends on perfect obedience, which is impossible, whereas righteousness through faith is a gift from God.
Galatians 3:13 “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: ‘Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.’”
Explanation: Christ has redeemed believers from the curse of the law by taking the curse upon Himself. Jesus’ death on the cross (where He was “hung on a pole”) was the ultimate sacrifice, taking on the punishment for sin that the law demanded. This is the heart of the gospel—Jesus bore the curse in our place.
Galatians 3:14 “He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.”
Explanation: Jesus’ sacrifice opened the door for Gentiles to receive the same blessing of righteousness and the Holy Spirit that Abraham received by faith. The promise is now available to all, regardless of nationality, through faith in Jesus Christ.
Reflection and Application
In this passage, Paul urges the Galatians to recognize the true source of salvation: faith in Jesus Christ. Salvation is not about following laws or earning God’s favor; it’s about accepting the grace God offers through Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross. Paul challenges us to live in the freedom that comes from grace, not to return to the slavery of trying to earn our way to God through works. Just as the Galatians were tempted to add works to their faith, we too can sometimes fall into the trap of thinking that our salvation is about how well we behave or how many good works we do. But the gospel reminds us that we are made righteous by faith in Christ alone.
As you reflect on this passage, consider how easy it is to fall into legalistic thinking—believing that our works determine our relationship with God. Instead, let us embrace the freedom that comes from understanding that we are justified by faith in Christ, and let this truth shape how we live each day.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Broken Ladder
Noah wanted to fix the lightbulb in his ceiling, so he grabbed an old wooden ladder from the garage. As he stepped onto the first rung, it wobbled. By the second rung, he heard a creak. By the third, the wood cracked, and he barely caught himself before falling. Frustrated, he realized the ladder was useless—it could never get him where he needed to go.
In Galatians 3:1-14, Paul is telling the Galatians that trying to be made right with God by following the law is like climbing a broken ladder. No matter how hard they tried, the law couldn’t save them. It was never meant to—it only showed them how impossible it was to be perfect on their own. The only thing that could hold them up was faith in Jesus.
Sometimes, we try to build our own “ladder” to God—doing good things to earn His approval, following rules so we feel worthy. But the truth is, Jesus has already done the work. We don’t have to climb a broken ladder. We just have to trust in Him.
Reflection Question: Are you ever tempted to measure your worth by what you do rather than by what Jesus has done? How can you rest in God’s grace today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Faith, Not Works, Justifies Us
In
Galatians 3:1-3, Paul strongly questions the Galatians for being so
quickly influenced by those who were teaching that they needed to
follow the law to be saved:
"You
foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus
Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified. I would like to learn just
one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the
law, or by believing what you heard? Are you so foolish? After
beginning by means of the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by
means of the flesh?"
(Galatians 3:1-3, NIV)
What’s surprising here is Paul’s blunt language toward the Galatians. He calls them "foolish" and says they have been "bewitched" by false teachings. Paul is shocked that they would abandon the message of salvation by faith alone in Jesus Christ, especially after having experienced the power of the Holy Spirit through faith. This confrontation reveals how easily we can slip into legalism, thinking that we need to “do” something to earn God’s favor, rather than trusting in the completed work of Christ on the cross.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The True Gospel vs. Legalism - Galatians 3:1-14
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Faith Over Legalism→A person learns to trust in the work of Christ rather than their ability to follow religious rules or earn salvation.→Galatians 3:2–3
→Spiritual Discernment→They grow in recognizing when they're being deceived into self-effort rather than remaining in the freedom of the Spirit.→Galatians 3:1–3
→Appreciation for the Spirit’s Work→They develop a deeper reliance on the Holy Spirit, acknowledging that miracles and transformation come by faith, not works.→Galatians 3:5
→Understanding Abrahamic Faith→They come to understand that true children of Abraham are those who live by faith, not by the law.→Galatians 3:6–9
→Rejection of Self-Reliance→They reject the pressure to prove themselves before God through performance, resting instead in Christ’s sufficiency.→Galatians 3:10–11
→Gratitude for Christ’s Redemption→They grow in awe and thankfuln
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 3:1-14, Paul emphasizes a powerful and life-changing truth: salvation cannot be earned by following rules, laws, or rituals. It is a gift of grace received through faith in Jesus Christ. The Galatians, having started their Christian journey by accepting the message of grace and trusting in Jesus for salvation, were now being tempted to return to legalism—the belief that following the Old Testament law or performing certain religious acts would somehow make them more righteous before God.
Paul’s frustration is evident as he challenges them, asking how they could so easily forget the message they first received. They didn’t receive the Holy Spirit by following the law, nor did they witness miracles by obeying the law; it was through faith in Christ that they experienced God’s power. Just as Abraham believed God and was credited with righteousness (Genesis 15:6), so too are we justified by faith, not by the works of the law.
The central message of this passage is that faith in Christ is the only way to be made right with God. If we rely on the law or any kind of human effort to make us righteous, we are cursed, because no one can perfectly obey the law. Christ, however, took on the curse of the law for us by dying on the cross. Through His death, we are freed from the power of the law and able to receive the blessing of Abraham—righteousness by faith.
For us today, this passage serves as a reminder that we don’t need to earn God’s love or strive to live up to certain standards to gain salvation. It is through faith in Christ alone that we are justified, made righteous, and receive the Holy Spirit. The temptation to rely on works—whether it’s following rules, living up to certain expectations, or trying to be “good enough”—is something we must continually guard against. Instead, we are called to trust in the grace of God and the finished work of Jesus Christ.
Salvation isn’t about what we can do for God, but about what God has done for us. As we rest in this truth, we are empowered to live in the freedom and peace that comes from knowing that our righteousness is secure in Christ, not in our own efforts.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 3:1-14:
Romans 3:20-24 Therefore no one will be declared righteous in God’s sight by the works of the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of our sin. But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been made known, to which the Law and the Prophets testify. This righteousness is given through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no difference between Jew and Gentile, for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and all are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus.
Romans 5:1-2 Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have gained access by faith into this grace in which we now stand. And we boast in the hope of the glory of God.
Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.
Philippians 3:9 And be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ—the righteousness that comes from God on the basis of faith.
Titus 3:5 He saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
Why does Paul call the Galatians "foolish" for turning to the law after starting with faith?
+ Paul uses strong words to show how shocked he is at the Galatians’ actions. They began their relationship with Christ by trusting in the gospel message and receiving the Holy Spirit by faith, yet they were now trying to live according to the law, as if their salvation depended on their works. For Paul, this is foolish because it goes against the core of the gospel—that salvation is a gift from God, not something we can earn by obeying the law. It’s a reminder for us to stay focused on God’s grace rather than reverting to old patterns of thinking that depend on our own effort.
What is the difference between salvation by works and salvation by faith?
+ Salvation by works teaches that we can earn God’s favor by following rules, laws, or rituals. It makes our standing before God depend on what we do. Salvation by faith, however, teaches that we are justified—declared righteous—before God because we believe in Jesus Christ, not because of our ability to keep the law. The work of salvation is completed by Jesus on the cross, and all we need to do is trust in Him. This distinction is important because it reminds us that we are saved by grace alone, through faith alone.
How does understanding that salvation is by faith and not by works change the way we live as Christians?
+ When we understand that our salvation isn’t about earning God’s approval but about trusting in Jesus’ finished work on the cross, it brings freedom. We no longer live in fear of failing to keep the law or wondering if we’ve done enough to please God. Instead, we live with the confidence that God loves us unconditionally, and we respond to His grace with gratitude and obedience. This freedom also frees us from judgment and comparison to others, as our worth comes from Christ, not from how well we perform.
Session
6: The
Promise of the Spirit
- Galatians 3:15-29
Printable
Download
Focus:
The relationship between the law and the promise of Christ
Purpose
Statement:
To explore the promise
of the Holy Spirit
given to believers by faith, and to affirm that we are children
of God
through faith in Christ, not by following rules or rituals.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 3:15-29 (NIV)
15 Brothers and sisters, let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case. 16 The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. Scripture does not say “and to seeds,” meaning many people, but “and to your seed,” meaning one person, who is Christ. 17 What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise. 18 For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on the promise; but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise.
19 Why, then, was the law given at all? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was given through angels and entrusted to a mediator. 20 A mediator, however, implies more than one party; but God is one.
21 Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law. 22 But Scripture has locked up everything under the control of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.
23 Before the coming of this faith, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until the faith that was to come would be revealed. 24 So the law was our guardian until Christ came that we might be justified by faith. 25 Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.
26 So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.
OVERVIEW:
In this passage, Paul makes a clear distinction between the law and God’s promise to Abraham, explaining that the promise of salvation through Christ was made before the law and remains unchangeable. He points out that the law was never intended to save, but to guide people until Christ came. The promise of the Spirit—received through faith in Jesus—is now available to all who believe. This passage underscores that Christians are children of God by faith, not by adherence to the law or rituals, and that the law serves as a tutor leading us to Christ, who fulfills the promise to Abraham.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 3:15 “Brothers and sisters, let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case.”
Explanation: Paul begins by explaining the unchangeable nature of covenants (or agreements). Once a covenant is made, it cannot be altered, and he is drawing this comparison to God’s promise to Abraham, which cannot be changed by the law. This sets the stage for showing that the promise made to Abraham is more important and enduring than the law.
Galatians 3:16 “The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. Scripture does not say ‘and to seeds,’ meaning many people, but ‘and to your seed,’ meaning one person, who is Christ.”
Explanation: Paul clarifies that God’s promise to Abraham was not meant to refer to many descendants, but to one specific descendant—Jesus Christ. This is important because it shows that the promise of salvation was always pointing to Christ, and the law did not change or replace this promise.
Galatians 3:17 “What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise.”
Explanation: Paul emphasizes that the law, which came much later after God’s promise to Abraham, does not invalidate or replace the promise. The covenant with Abraham stands firm, and the law was never meant to nullify it, but to prepare the way for Christ.
Galatians 3:18 “For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on the promise; but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise.”
Explanation: Paul explains that if salvation depended on the law, it would no longer be a promise. The inheritance (eternal life) is based on God’s grace and the promise He made to Abraham, not on the law. Salvation is a gift, not something we earn by following rules.
Galatians 3:19 “Why, then, was the law given at all? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was given through angels and entrusted to a mediator.”
Explanation: Paul answers a potential question—why was the law given if it doesn’t provide salvation? The law was given because of human sin, to show people their need for a Savior. It was a temporary measure, meant to guide people until Christ (the Seed) came to fulfill the promise. The law, then, serves as a tutor to point us to Christ.
Galatians 3:20 “A mediator, however, implies more than one party; but God is one.”
Explanation: Paul acknowledges that the law was given through a mediator (Moses), but the promise made to Abraham came directly from God. This highlights the difference between the law (which involved a mediator) and the promise (which is directly from God). God’s promise does not need a mediator, because God Himself is the giver of the promise.
Galatians 3:21 “Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law.”
Explanation: Paul clarifies that the law is not opposed to God’s promises. The law’s purpose is not to give life, but to reveal sin. If the law could provide life, it would be the means of righteousness, but it cannot. Righteousness only comes through faith in Christ, not through keeping the law.
Galatians 3:22 “But Scripture has locked up everything under the control of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.”
Explanation: Paul explains that the law exposes sin and shows humanity’s need for a Savior. The promise is given through faith in Jesus Christ, and this promise is available to everyone who believes. The law highlights the need for grace, and Christ’s work on the cross fulfills the promise made to Abraham.
Galatians 3:23-24 “Before this faith came, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until the faith that was to come would be revealed. So the law was our guardian until Christ came that we might be justified by faith.”
Explanation: Paul compares the law to a guardian or tutor. Before Christ came, the law guided and protected people, but it was not the means of salvation. The law pointed to the need for Christ, and when Christ came, faith in Him became the means of justification (being made right with God).
Galatians 3:25-27 “Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian. So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.”
Explanation: Now that Christ has come, believers are no longer under the law (the guardian). Through faith in Christ, we become children of God. Baptism symbolizes this faith and represents the believer’s union with Christ, as they are “clothed with Christ,” meaning they are identified with Him.
Galatians 3:28-29“There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.”
Explanation: In Christ, all divisions are removed. Whether a person is Jewish or Gentile, free or slave, male or female, all are one in Christ. All believers, regardless of their background, share in the inheritance promised to Abraham and are heirs to the promise. The unity that believers have in Christ transcends all earthly distinctions.
Reflection and Application
In this passage, Paul emphasizes that salvation comes through faith in Christ, not by keeping the law or adhering to rituals. The law was given to show us our need for a Savior, but it is Christ who fulfills the promise made to Abraham. Through faith in Jesus, believers are made children of God, united in Him, and heirs to the promise of eternal life. We are not saved by our efforts, but by God’s grace through faith.
As we reflect on these truths, let’s remember that our identity as children of God is not determined by our ability to follow rules or rituals, but by our faith in Jesus Christ. This truth should bring us both peace and joy, knowing that we are secure in Christ, and that the promise of the Spirit is given to all who believe.
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
What does it mean that the law was a "guardian" or "tutor" until Christ came?
How can we remind ourselves that salvation is a gift through faith, not something we can earn by following rules?
What do you think it means to be "clothed with Christ"? How does that change the way we live?
How can the unity we have in Christ encourage us to break down barriers and divisions in the church today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: The Law is a Temporary Guide, but the Promise of the Spirit is Permanent
In
Galatians 3:23-25, Paul explains the role of the law in relation to
the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ:
"Before
this faith came, we were held in custody under the law, locked up
until the faith that was to come would be revealed. So the law was
our guardian until Christ came that we might be justified by faith.
Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian."
(Galatians 3:23-25, NIV)
What might surprise us here is that Paul describes the law as a "guardian" or "custodian" that was meant to guide people until Christ came. The law wasn’t the ultimate goal—it was preparing people for the coming of Jesus. The law helped reveal sin and pointed to the need for a Savior. But now that faith in Jesus Christ has been revealed, the law no longer holds the same power over us. Instead, we are justified by faith in Christ and are given the Holy Spirit, who empowers us to live according to God's will, not by trying to keep a list of rules.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The Promise of the Spirit - Galatians 3:15-29
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Confidence in God's Promises→A person grows in trust that God's promises are secure and fulfilled in Christ, not invalidated by the law.→Galatians 3:17–18
→Clarity on the Law’s Purpose→They understand that the law was given to reveal sin and prepare the way for Christ—not as a means of righteousness.→Galatians 3:19–24
→Faith as the Key to Inheritance→They realize that becoming heirs of God's promises comes through faith in Jesus, not through heritage or rule-keeping.→Galatians 3:18, 22
→Union with Christ→They grow in their identity as being "in Christ," fully united with Him through faith.→Galatians 3:26–27
→Spiritual Equality in Christ→They embrace the truth that in Christ, all believers—regardless of ethnicity, status, or gender—are one.→Galatians 3:28
→Heirship Through Faith→They understand they are spiritual
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 3:15-29, Paul explains the significance of the law and the promise given to Abraham, showing how faith in Christ, not adherence to the law, is what makes us children of God. He points out that the law was never meant to save; it was a temporary guardian to guide God's people until Christ came. The law could not bring life or righteousness—it only highlighted humanity's inability to live up to God's perfect standard, thus pointing to our need for a Savior.
The promise God made to Abraham—that all nations would be blessed through his "seed" (Christ)—remains the central hope for all believers. The law served its purpose by showing us our sin, but Christ’s coming fulfilled God’s promise to Abraham and opened the way for all people, both Jew and Gentile, to be justified by faith. This is why, through Christ, we are no longer bound by the law as a way to gain righteousness. Instead, we are made right with God by faith, and this faith unites us with Christ, making us "children of God."
Moreover, Paul emphasizes that our identity in Christ transcends any earthly distinctions. In Christ, there is no division between Jew and Gentile, male and female, or slave and free; all believers are one. Through baptism into Christ, we have "clothed ourselves with Christ" and are fully united with Him, receiving the promise of the Holy Spirit. This indwelling Spirit is the proof that we are God's children and heirs of His promises.
As we reflect on this passage, we are reminded that our standing before God is not based on our performance, adherence to rules, or rituals. It is by God's grace alone, received through faith in Jesus Christ, that we are made righteous. This is the foundation of our relationship with God, and it is through this faith that we receive the Holy Spirit, who empowers us to live in accordance with God’s will.
We are no longer under the law as a guardian, but have been set free to live as sons and daughters of God. This freedom doesn’t mean we abandon God’s guidance; rather, it means we live empowered by the Spirit, who helps us live in a way that honors God and reflects His grace. The law pointed to Christ, but now that Christ has come, we live by the power of the Holy Spirit, trusting in His promise and grace.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 3:15-29:
Romans 8:14-17 For those who are led by the Spirit of God are the children of God. The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, “Abba, Father.” The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s children. Now if we are children, then we are heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory.
John 14:16-17 And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another advocate to help you and be with you forever—the Spirit of truth. The world cannot accept him, because it neither sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you.
Romans 6:14 For sin shall no longer be your master, because you are not under the law, but under grace.
Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.
Titus 3:5-6 He saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit, whom he poured out on us generously through Jesus Christ our Savior.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does Paul mean when he says the law was a "guardian" or "custodian" until Christ came?
+ The law, in the Old Testament, served as a guide for the people of Israel, teaching them what was right and wrong, and pointing out their need for salvation. It also prepared them for the coming of Jesus by showing that no one could perfectly obey the law and that everyone needed a Savior. The law was never meant to save; it was meant to show us our need for grace. Once Christ came, we no longer need the law as our guide to salvation, because salvation is now available through faith in Him.
In Galatians 3:26, Paul says, "So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith." What does it mean for us to be children of God through faith in Christ?
+ Being "children of God" means that we are adopted into God’s family, no longer separated from Him by sin. We are now heirs to the promises of God and have a personal relationship with Him. This identity doesn’t depend on following the law or religious rituals; it depends on placing our faith in Jesus Christ and accepting His sacrifice for our sins. Through faith, we gain the privileges and security of being God's children, which is far greater than any external rule-keeping or traditions.
Why is it significant that we are given the Holy Spirit when we place our faith in Christ? How does the Holy Spirit help us live as children of God?
+ The Holy Spirit is a gift that empowers us to live in obedience to God and experience His presence daily. The Spirit helps us grow in our faith, guides us in truth, and gives us the strength to live according to God’s will, not through our own efforts. Having the Holy Spirit means that we don’t have to rely on the law to guide us anymore; instead, we can live out the freedom and love that Christ has given us. The Spirit is our helper and our constant companion, enabling us to reflect God’s character in our lives.
Session
7: Sons
and Heirs
- Galatians 4:1-7
Printable
Download
Focus:
Our new identity as children of God
Purpose
Statement:
To recognize that in Christ, we are no longer slaves to the law but
sons
and daughters of God,
with the rights and privileges of being heirs to His promises.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:1-7 (NIV)
1 What I am saying is that as long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. 2 The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. 3 So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery under the elemental spiritual forces of the world. 4 But when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those under the law, that we might receive adoption to sonship. 6 Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, “Abba, Father.” 7 So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 4:1-7, Paul explains how believers in Christ have transitioned from being under the law to becoming adopted children of God. Before Christ, people were like children under a guardian, bound by the law. But through Jesus, God has adopted us as His sons and daughters, giving us the full rights of heirs to His promises. The Holy Spirit, sent by God, affirms this new identity and brings about the relationship with God, allowing us to call Him “Abba, Father.” This passage speaks of our freedom in Christ and the privilege of being part of God's family.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 4:1 “What I am saying is that as long as an heir is under age, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate.”
Explanation: Paul compares the state of a child heir to that of a slave. Although the child is the rightful heir to an inheritance, as long as they are a minor, they do not have access to the inheritance or the full rights of an adult. This metaphor highlights the limitations of being under the law before Christ, as it kept people from fully receiving the inheritance promised to them.
Galatians 4:2 “The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father.”
Explanation: Just as a child heir is under the care of guardians and trustees until they come of age, people were under the law until the coming of Christ, when the time was right for God to reveal the fullness of His promise. The law served as a guardian, but it was always temporary, pointing forward to the time when Christ would come and make us fully part of God’s family.
Galatians 4:3 “So also, when we were under age, we were in slavery under the elemental spiritual forces of the world.”
Explanation: Before Christ, people were enslaved to the law and the “elemental spiritual forces” of the world, which could refer to religious rituals, human traditions, or the law itself. These forces were insufficient to bring salvation, but they pointed to the need for a Savior. The law revealed the problem, but not the solution.
Galatians 4:4-5 “But when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those under the law, that we might receive adoption to sonship.”
Explanation: At the right time, God sent His Son, Jesus, born of a woman (Mary), and born under the law, to redeem us. Jesus fulfilled the law on our behalf, and through His life, death, and resurrection, He provided the way for us to be adopted into God’s family. Jesus did what the law could never do—He made us sons and daughters of God, giving us the full rights of heirs.
Galatians 4:6 “Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, ‘Abba, Father.’”
Explanation: As adopted children of God, believers receive the Holy Spirit, who dwells in their hearts. The Spirit affirms our new identity as God’s children and enables us to call God “Abba, Father.” This term “Abba” is a deeply personal and affectionate way of referring to God, signifying a close, intimate relationship.
Galatians 4:7 “So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.”
Explanation: Paul concludes this section by reminding believers that they are no longer slaves (to the law or sin), but are now children of God. Because we are God’s children, we are also heirs to His promises. We share in the inheritance of eternal life, a relationship with God, and all the blessings that come from being His beloved children.
Reflection and Application
This passage reminds us of our profound new identity in Christ. Before we came to faith in Jesus, we were like children under a guardian, bound by the law and unable to fully experience the blessings God had for us. But through Jesus, we have been adopted into God’s family and are now His sons and daughters. The Holy Spirit within us assures us of this new identity and empowers us to live as God’s children. We are no longer slaves to the law or sin; instead, we are heirs to the promise of eternal life and all the blessings of being in God’s family.
As we reflect on this truth, let it encourage us to live with a renewed sense of freedom and joy. We are beloved children of God, and He has given us His Spirit to help us walk in the fullness of our new identity. We no longer have to earn God’s favor or live in fear, because we have been fully adopted into His family. Let us embrace this identity, living confidently as sons and daughters of the King.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Forgotten Inheritance
Lucas had always lived paycheck to paycheck, struggling to make ends meet. One day, he received a letter from a lawyer—his grandfather had left him a massive inheritance. At first, Lucas didn’t believe it. “That can’t be for me,” he thought. So, he kept living the same way, scraping by, never claiming what was his.
Months later, the lawyer called him again. “Lucas, the money is yours. It’s been yours all along. You just have to accept it.”
In Galatians 4:1-7, Paul reminds us that, before Christ, we were like slaves—bound by rules, living as if we had nothing. But when Jesus came, He made us sons and daughters of God. We’re not just servants trying to obey—we’re heirs to His promises! Yet, like Lucas, we sometimes live as if we’re still spiritually poor, forgetting that we’ve been given full access to God’s love, grace, and power.
God has adopted us as His children. We don’t have to prove ourselves. We don’t have to live in fear. We simply need to accept the inheritance that has already been given.
Reflection Question: Are you living in the fullness of your identity as God’s child, or do you still feel like you have to "earn" His love? How can you embrace your place as His beloved heir today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: From Slaves to Sons and Daughters
In
Galatians 4:4-7, Paul shares the powerful transformation that happens
when we become believers in Christ:
"But
when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman,
born under the law, to redeem those under the law, that we might
receive adoption to sonship. Because you are his sons, God sent the
Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, 'Abba,
Father.' So you are no longer a slave, but God's child; and since you
are his child, God has made you also an heir."
(Galatians 4:4-7, NIV)
What may surprise us here is the comparison Paul makes between being "slaves" to the law and becoming "sons and daughters" of God. Before Christ, people were bound by the law and had to follow its rules to earn favor. But through Jesus' sacrifice, God adopted us as His children, giving us a new identity—not as slaves to rules, but as His heirs, with the same privileges as His Son. This adoption into God's family comes with the incredible gift of the Holy Spirit, who helps us call out to God as our loving "Abba, Father." It’s a reminder that our new identity in Christ brings freedom and a deep, personal relationship with God.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Sons and Heirs - Galatians 4:1-7
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Maturity in Identity→A person matures in understanding their full status as a son or daughter of God, no longer living as a spiritual child or slave.→Galatians 4:1–2
→Freedom from Spiritual Slavery→They begin to live free from the bondage of legalism, fear, or performance-based acceptance.→Galatians 4:3
→Gratitude for Christ’s Redemption→They grow in appreciation for Jesus, who came at the perfect time to redeem and adopt them into God’s family.→Galatians 4:4–5
→Awareness of Divine Adoption→They live with the security and joy of being chosen and adopted as God’s own children.→Galatians 4:5
→Intimacy with the Father→They develop a personal, heartfelt relationship with God, calling Him “Abba, Father” through the Spirit.→Galatians 4:6
→Confidence as an Heir→They walk with confidence, knowing they are heirs of God and have full access to His promises through Christ.→Galatians 4:7
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 4:1-7, Paul gives us a beautiful picture of our transformation from being slaves to the law into becoming children and heirs of God. Before Christ, we were like underage heirs who had not yet received the full benefits of our inheritance. We were under the “guardians” and “trustees” of the law, bound by rules and regulations, never able to fully experience the freedom or relationship that God intended for us. But in God’s perfect timing, He sent His Son, Jesus Christ, to redeem us from the law and adopt us as His sons and daughters.
Through Jesus, we are no longer slaves to the law or to sin. Instead, we are children of God, with a new identity and a new relationship with the Father. This adoption is not based on anything we’ve done, but entirely on God’s love and grace. The amazing thing is that as God’s children, we are also His heirs. We are part of His family, with all the rights, privileges, and promises that come with being His children. This includes the Holy Spirit, who resides in us, affirming our identity as God's sons and daughters and empowering us to live as He calls us to.
The term “Abba, Father” is especially powerful. It is an intimate term that speaks of the closeness and personal nature of our relationship with God. It’s not just about being children of God in some distant or formal way; it’s about having a deep, personal connection with our Heavenly Father. We can approach Him with the same trust and confidence that a child has with their earthly father. He is not distant or cold, but loving and approachable, ready to hear our hearts and help us in every situation.
This new identity as children of God is not only about relationship but also about inheritance. As heirs, we have the promise of eternal life, the presence of the Holy Spirit, and all the blessings that come from being part of God’s family. Our future is secure, and we are fully embraced by God as His beloved children.
So, as we reflect on this truth, we are reminded of the incredible privilege we have in Christ. We are no longer slaves to rules, to sin, or to the fear of punishment. We are free in Christ, and we have a relationship with God that is full of love, grace, and intimacy. We are His children, and He is our Father—our loving, caring, and faithful Father who promises to never leave us and to give us everything we need to live according to His will.
Let this truth sink in deeply: In Christ, you are a beloved child of God. This new identity shapes everything about how you live and how you relate to God and to others. It gives you confidence, peace, and assurance that you are accepted, loved, and never abandoned by your Father.
CROSS-REFERENCE: Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 4:1-7:
Romans 8:15-17 The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, “Abba, Father.” The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s children. Now if we are children, then we are heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory.
Ephesians 1:5-6 He predestined us for adoption to sonship through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will—to the praise of his glorious grace, which he has freely given us in the One he loves.
John 1:12 Yet to all who did receive him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God.
Titus 3:7 So that, having been justified by his grace, we might become heirs having the hope of eternal life.
1 John 3:1 See what great love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are! The reason the world does not know us is that it did not know him.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean for us to go from being "slaves" to the law to being "sons and daughters" of God?
+ Before Christ, people were bound by the law—trying to earn favor with God through their actions, which was impossible because no one could perfectly obey all the laws. As "slaves," they were under the constant burden of trying to follow the law without the assurance of being accepted by God. But through Jesus, we are adopted into God's family, no longer needing to work for God’s approval. Instead, we are His beloved children, fully accepted and loved. This new identity gives us freedom from legalism and guilt, and we can live confidently as God's heirs, trusting in His grace.
What is the significance of the Holy Spirit being sent into our hearts, calling us to cry out "Abba, Father"?
+ The presence of the Holy Spirit in our hearts is a profound gift. The Spirit helps us understand our new identity as God’s children, guiding us in our relationship with Him. "Abba" is an intimate term for "Father," similar to saying "Daddy" or "Papa." It shows that our relationship with God is personal, loving, and not distant or formal. The Holy Spirit brings us close to God, assuring us that we belong to Him, and empowers us to live as His children, living in the freedom of His love and grace.
What are the rights and privileges that come with being an heir of God? How does this change how we live?
+ Being an heir of God means that we share in the blessings and promises that come through Christ. Just as a child inherits everything their father has, we, as God’s children, inherit the promises of eternal life, the riches of God's grace, and the presence of the Holy Spirit in our lives. This changes how we live because we don’t need to worry about earning God’s favor or striving to prove ourselves. Instead, we live in the freedom of knowing we are loved and accepted, and we can walk confidently in the assurance that we are heirs to God's eternal kingdom.
Session
8: The
Danger of Turning Back
- Galatians 4:8-20
Printable
Download
Focus:
Paul’s concern for the Galatians’ return to legalism
Purpose
Statement:
To warn against turning back to old, enslaving patterns of behavior
and to encourage us to live
in the freedom
that Christ offers, fully trusting in His grace.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:8-20 (NIV)
Paul’s Concern for the Galatians
8 Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods. 9 But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again? 10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years! 11 I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.
12 I plead with you, brothers and sisters, become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong. 13 As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you, 14 and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. 15 Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?
17 Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them. 18 It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you. 19 My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you, 20 how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 4:8-20, Paul expresses deep concern for the Galatians, who were beginning to turn away from the freedom they had received in Christ and return to the bondage of legalism. Paul reminds them of their past ignorance and enslavement to false beliefs, then urges them not to go back to those empty rituals and rules. He appeals to them based on their previous close relationship, encouraging them to embrace the freedom of the gospel and not let anyone deceive them into believing that they must add works to their salvation. Through this passage, Paul emphasizes the importance of remaining grounded in the gospel of grace, trusting fully in Christ and not in human effort or religious practices.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 4:8 “Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods.”
Explanation: Paul begins by reminding the Galatians of their former life when they did not know God. They were enslaved to idols and false gods, which were powerless to save them. This serves as a contrast to the freedom they now have in Christ. Paul is urging them not to go back to the emptiness of idolatry and legalism after having tasted the grace of God.
Galatians 4:9 “But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again?”
Explanation: Paul is astounded that the Galatians would want to turn back to their former, enslaving ways. Now that they have been brought into a relationship with the true God, why would they choose to return to the "weak and miserable forces" (the law, ritualistic practices, and false beliefs)? Paul emphasizes that they are not only knowing God, but are known by God, underscoring the personal relationship they now have with Him. The Galatians are being warned not to return to their past enslavement to rules and traditions.
Galatians 4:10-11 “You are observing special days and months and seasons and years! I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.”
Explanation: Paul points out that the Galatians have begun observing specific religious days and seasons, such as festivals, months, and years, which were part of the Jewish law. This indicates they are turning back to legalistic practices, which Paul sees as a sign of regression. Paul is worried that all his efforts to bring them to a full understanding of God’s grace may have been in vain if they return to these old, empty rituals.
Galatians 4:12 “I plead with you, brothers and sisters, become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong.”
Explanation: Paul pleads with the Galatians to follow his example. He had lived among them in a way that showed freedom from the law, and they had accepted him without judgment. Now, Paul encourages them to return to that same freedom they once shared and not let their lives be burdened again by legalism.
Galatians 4:13-15 “As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you. And even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. What has happened to all your joy? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.”
Explanation: Paul reflects on the Galatians’ initial warm reception of him, despite his illness. They accepted him as a messenger of Christ, and their joy was evident. He asks them, “What has happened to that joy?” This rhetorical question underscores how far they have fallen from their original enthusiasm for the gospel of grace. Paul’s question is meant to provoke them into considering the reasons for their spiritual decline.
Galatians 4:16 “Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?”
Explanation: Paul’s frank rebuke and correction have made him seem like an enemy to the Galatians, but he is reminding them that he is only speaking the truth. He is not their enemy; in fact, he is their true friend because he is guiding them back to the freedom of the gospel. His concern is for their spiritual well-being, not for his own reputation.
Galatians 4:17-18 “Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them. It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you.”
Explanation: Paul warns the Galatians about the influence of false teachers who are seeking to manipulate their zeal. These false teachers want to separate the Galatians from Paul and make them dependent on their teachings. While zeal is not wrong, it must be directed toward the truth of the gospel, not toward man-made rules or teachings that lead people away from grace.
Galatians 4:19-20 “My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you, how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you.”
Explanation: Paul uses the image of childbirth to express the intensity of his concern for the Galatians. He wants Christ to be fully formed in them, meaning he wants them to mature in their faith and not be swayed by false teachings. Paul’s tone here is one of deep love and frustration—he longs to see the Galatians grow in their understanding of the gospel and return to the freedom they first embraced.
Reflection and Application
This passage challenges us to examine our own hearts and consider whether we, like the Galatians, have ever been tempted to return to old, enslaving patterns of behavior or legalism. It is easy to fall into the trap of thinking we must do something to earn God's favor, but the gospel reminds us that salvation is by grace alone, through faith in Christ. We must guard against the influence of anyone or anything that leads us away from the freedom and joy that we have in Jesus.
Let this passage remind us to stay rooted in the gospel, living out the freedom we have in Christ and trusting fully in His grace. Just as Paul longed for the Galatians to grow and mature in their faith, God desires the same for us. We are called to live in the freedom of the gospel, fully trusting in Christ and not allowing legalism or false teachings to pull us away from His love.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Unlocked Prison Cell
Ben had been in prison for years, counting down the days until his release. Finally, the day came. The guard unlocked the door and said, “You’re free to go.” Overwhelmed, Ben stepped out into the fresh air, amazed at his new freedom.
But a few days later, something strange happened. Life outside felt unfamiliar—too uncertain, too different. He missed the routine of prison, where everything was predictable. So one night, he went back. He walked right up to his old cell, sat down inside, and closed the door behind him.
The problem? The door wasn’t locked. It never would be again. But Ben was living as if he were still a prisoner.
In Galatians 4:8-20, Paul is heartbroken because the Galatians, who had been set free by Christ, were going back to their old ways—following rules and rituals as if they could earn God’s love. Paul reminds them that returning to legalism is like stepping back into a prison cell that Christ already unlocked.
Sometimes, we do the same thing. We forget that Jesus has already set us free, and we slip back into old habits of fear, guilt, or trying to “earn” God’s approval. But the door is open! We don’t have to live in slavery anymore—we are free in Christ.
Reflection Question: Are there areas in your life where you’re living as if you’re still a prisoner, even though Christ has set you free? How can you step fully into His grace today?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Paul’s Deep Concern for the Galatians’ Spiritual Condition
In
Galatians 4:8-11, Paul expresses his deep concern for the Galatians,
who were turning back to the legalistic practices they had left
behind. He says:
"Formerly,
when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are
not gods. But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how
is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces?
Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again?"
(Galatians 4:8-9, NIV)
What may surprise us here is the emotional intensity Paul shows in his letter. He doesn’t just argue from a theological standpoint but expresses deep personal sorrow and frustration. Paul likens their return to legalism to a form of slavery, even though they had been freed in Christ. He reminds them that their new identity in Christ should lead to freedom, not a return to the rules and rituals that once kept them in bondage. This shows how strongly Paul felt about the Galatians' spiritual health and his passionate desire for them to continue walking in the freedom of Christ.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously The Danger of Turning Back - Galatians 4:8-20
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Discernment Against Regression→A person becomes alert to the temptation to return to former ways—legalism, idolatry, or spiritual immaturity.→Galatians 4:8–9
→Perseverance in Grace→They commit to remain rooted in God’s grace, resisting systems or teachings that pull them away from gospel freedom.→Galatians 4:9–10
→Sensitivity to Spiritual Influence→They grow in recognizing who is influencing their faith walk—whether people are leading them toward or away from Christ.→Galatians 4:17
→Openness to Correction→They cultivate humility and a teachable spirit, receiving correction from spiritual mentors without defensiveness.→Galatians 4:16
→Mutual Care in Fellowship→They value and preserve authentic relationships in the church, marked by genuine love and concern for one another’s spiritual well-being.→Galatians 4:12–15
→Desire for Christ to Be Formed in Them→They develop a deep longi
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 4:8-20, Paul expresses deep concern for the Galatians who are returning to old patterns of behavior—specifically, their reliance on legalistic practices and rituals that enslave them. Paul is baffled and saddened that they are choosing to turn back to the "weak and miserable forces" of the world when they have already been set free in Christ. The Galatians had once embraced the gospel with joy, recognizing the freedom that Christ had brought them, but now they were allowing false teachers to turn them back to the burden of the law.
Paul’s plea is both personal and passionate. He reminds the Galatians of the relationship they had when he first preached the gospel to them. He recalls how they welcomed him as an angel of God, even during his time of illness. But now, as they are tempted to return to legalism, Paul feels as though his efforts in bringing them to the truth of the gospel are being wasted. He is perplexed by their actions and deeply concerned that they are losing the very freedom Christ won for them.
Legalism, as Paul warns, doesn’t lead to righteousness or peace; it leads to slavery. When we turn back to trying to earn God's favor through rituals, rules, and human effort, we lose the grace-filled freedom that Christ offers. Salvation was never about our ability to follow the law perfectly; it was about God’s grace and the sacrifice of Jesus. Turning back to the law, or any pattern that says we must earn God’s love, puts us back under bondage and negates the freedom Christ offers.
Paul also expresses his deep love and concern for the Galatians by calling them his “dear children.” He compares his struggle for their spiritual growth to the pains of childbirth, which shows how deeply invested he is in their spiritual well-being. He wants them to fully experience Christ in their lives and for Christ to be “formed” in them, meaning that they would grow into maturity and reflect His character.
As we reflect on this passage, we are reminded that living in the freedom of Christ requires us to trust fully in His grace and not rely on our own efforts or any external rules. The temptation to turn back to legalism is real, and it’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking that we need to earn God’s favor. But Paul’s message is clear: We are free in Christ! We are not to return to the old patterns of behavior that once enslaved us. Instead, we are to live in the freedom Christ offers, fully trusting in His grace to sustain us and transform us into His likeness.
When we fully understand the freedom that comes through Christ, we are able to live lives that reflect His love and grace, free from the burden of trying to earn God’s approval. Let us remember, as Paul urges, to stand firm in the freedom Christ has given us and not to let anyone, or anything, draw us back into the bondage of legalism.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 4:8-20:
Galatians 5:1 It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.
Romans 6:16 Don't you know that when you offer yourselves to someone as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one you obey—whether you are slaves to sin, which leads to death, or to obedience, which leads to righteousness?
2 Peter 2:20-22 If they have escaped the corruption of the world by knowing our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ and are again entangled in it and are overcome, they are worse off at the end than they were at the beginning. It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than to have known it and then turned their backs on the sacred command that was passed on to them. Of them the proverbs are true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and “A sow that is washed returns to her wallowing in the mud.”
Hebrews 10:39 But we do not belong to those who shrink back and are destroyed, but to those who have faith and are saved.
Colossians 2:8 See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition and the elemental spiritual forces of this world rather than on Christ.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
Why does Paul describe turning back to legalism as being "enslaved" again? What does this tell us about the impact of legalism on our spiritual lives?
+ Paul is warning the Galatians that returning to legalism—relying on rules and rituals to be justified before God—actually leads to spiritual slavery. Legalism is a system that keeps us focused on trying to earn God’s favor through our actions rather than trusting in His grace. It’s burdensome, and it removes the joy of knowing that Christ has already set us free. This is why Paul is so concerned: legalism robs us of the freedom and joy that comes from the gospel. It puts us back under a yoke of slavery where we are constantly trying to do enough, rather than resting in Christ’s finished work.
What does Paul mean when he says, "Now that you know God—or rather are known by God"? How does this change the way we view our relationship with God?
+ Paul’s statement highlights the truth that our relationship with God isn’t based on our ability to know Him or follow rules, but on the fact that He has chosen us and made Himself known to us. God has initiated this relationship, and He knows us intimately. This changes everything. It’s not about trying to prove ourselves to God through our works; it’s about responding to His love and grace. Knowing that we are "known by God" gives us a deep sense of security and freedom because our relationship with God isn’t based on our performance but on His love for us.
Why is it easy to fall back into old patterns of behavior, like legalism, and how can we resist that temptation?
+ It’s easy to fall back into old patterns like legalism because they feel familiar. The idea of checking off boxes—doing certain things to earn favor—gives a sense of control or accomplishment. However, this is a trap that keeps us from fully trusting in God’s grace. We might also feel pressure from others, or from ourselves, to be "good enough" for God. To resist this temptation, we need to regularly remind ourselves of the gospel: we are justified by faith alone, not by our works. Spending time in prayer, reading the Word, and being in fellowship with others who encourage us to live in the freedom of Christ can help us stay grounded in grace and avoid slipping back into legalistic ways.
Session
9: Children
of Promise, Not of the Law
- Galatians 4:21-31
Printable
Download
Focus:
The allegory of Hagar and Sarah
Purpose
Statement:
To understand the difference between living
under the law
(Hagar) and living
by faith
(Sarah), and to embrace the promise of freedom through Christ.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 4:21-31 (NIV)
21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.
24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:
“Be glad, barren
woman,
you who never bore a child;
shout
for joy and cry aloud,
you who were
never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate
woman
than of her who has a husband.”
28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise. 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.” 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 4:21-31, Paul uses the allegory of Hagar and Sarah to illustrate the stark contrast between living under the law (represented by Hagar) and living by faith in God's promise (represented by Sarah). By drawing from the story of Abraham’s two sons—Isaac, born to Sarah, and Ishmael, born to Hagar—Paul emphasizes that those who rely on the law are like Hagar’s son, born of human effort, while those who live by faith are like Isaac, born of God's promise. Paul uses this allegory to remind the Galatians that they are children of the promise, not children of slavery, and they should embrace the freedom they have in Christ. This passage invites believers to reflect on whether they are living in the freedom of God's grace or under the burden of religious rules and expectations.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 4:21 “Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says?”
Explanation: Paul begins with a rhetorical question, challenging those who are turning to the law for salvation. He is urging them to consider what the law truly says and to realize that the law is not a means to salvation, but rather points to the need for grace through Christ.
Galatians 4:22-23 “For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.”
Explanation: Paul introduces the story of Abraham's two sons. Ishmael, born to Hagar, was the result of human effort (the "flesh"), while Isaac, born to Sarah, was the result of God's promise. This sets the stage for Paul’s allegory—those born under the law are like Ishmael, while those born through faith in God’s promises are like Isaac.
Galatians 4:24 “These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar.”
Explanation: Paul begins to explain the allegory: Hagar represents the old covenant, the law given at Mount Sinai, which leads to slavery because it demands obedience and perfection, something humans cannot achieve. The law brings bondage, just as Hagar’s son, Ishmael, was born into slavery.
Galatians 4:25 “Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children.”
Explanation: Paul draws a parallel between Hagar and the current state of Jerusalem, which was still under the bondage of the law. He contrasts the freedom found in the new covenant through Christ with the continued slavery under the law.
Galatians 4:26 “But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother.”
Explanation: The “Jerusalem above” refers to the heavenly Jerusalem, symbolizing the freedom and grace of the new covenant, which comes through Christ. Those who are in Christ are part of this free Jerusalem, born not of human effort but of God’s promise.
Galatians 4:27 “For it is written: ‘Be glad, barren woman, you who never bore a child; shout for joy and cry aloud, you who were never in labor; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.’”
Explanation: This quote from Isaiah 54:1 speaks to the abundant joy and growth of those who are part of the new covenant. Despite being barren, the “desolate woman” (symbolizing the Gentiles) will have more children than the woman who was married (symbolizing the Jews under the law). This points to the fruitfulness and expansion of the kingdom of God through the promise, not the law.
Galatians 4:28 “Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise.”
Explanation: Paul reminds the Galatians that they, like Isaac, are children of promise, not of human effort or the law. They are part of the new covenant that brings freedom, and they should not revert to slavery under the law.
Galatians 4:29 “At that time the son born according to the flesh persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now.”
Explanation: Paul notes that Ishmael persecuted Isaac, just as those who rely on the law (the flesh) often persecute those who live by the Spirit. This tension continues today between those who embrace legalism and those who embrace grace.
Galatians 4:30-31 “But what does the Scripture say? ‘Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.’ Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.”
Explanation: Paul concludes by urging the Galatians to reject the law (represented by Hagar) and embrace the freedom of the promise (represented by Sarah). As children of God’s promise, they are heirs to the inheritance through Christ and should not go back to the slavery of the law.
Reflection and Application
This passage invites us to examine where we place our trust for salvation. Are we relying on our own efforts to please God, as represented by Hagar and the law, or are we living by faith in the promises of God, as represented by Sarah and Isaac? The Galatians were being tempted to turn back to the law, but Paul urges them—and us—to embrace the freedom of grace through Christ.
We are children of promise, born not of human effort but of God’s divine grace. This truth offers us freedom from the bondage of legalism and a new identity as heirs of God's kingdom. The freedom we have in Christ is not just freedom from sin but also freedom from trying to earn God’s love and favor through works. We are free to live in the assurance of His promises and to rest in the work Christ has already accomplished on our behalf.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Two Contracts
Maya had two job offers. The first company gave her a strict contract—long hours, impossible expectations, and a warning: If you fail, you're out. The second company offered her a different deal—she would be part of the family business. She didn’t have to earn her place; she already belonged.
At first, Maya hesitated. The first job seemed more familiar—she knew what to expect, even if it was exhausting. But deep down, she knew the second offer was better. It wasn’t about rules and pressure—it was about being part of something greater, a gift she simply had to accept.
In Galatians 4:21-31, Paul uses the story of Hagar and Sarah to show the difference between living under the law and living in God’s promise. Hagar represents the old way—slavery to rules, striving to earn acceptance. Sarah represents the new way—freedom through faith, receiving God’s promise as a gift.
Like Maya, we sometimes feel drawn to the comfort of control—thinking we must work our way to God. But Jesus invites us to something better. We are children of the promise, not employees under a contract. We don’t have to earn God’s love—we already belong.
Reflection Question: Are you living as a child of promise, trusting in God’s grace? Or are you still trying to “earn” what He has already freely given?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: The Allegory of Hagar and Sarah: A Picture of Two Covenants
In Galatians 4:21-31, Paul uses the story of Hagar and Sarah to illustrate the difference between living under the law and living by faith. He writes: "Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says? For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise." (Galatians 4:21-23, NIV)
What may surprise us is that Paul uses the story of two women—Hagar, the slave woman, and Sarah, the free woman—as an allegory to explain two ways of relating to God. Hagar represents living under the law, where human effort and works are relied upon, while Sarah represents the promise of grace and salvation through faith. Paul shows that those who rely on the law are like Hagar’s son, born of human effort, but those who live by faith are like Sarah’s son, born of God's promise. This allegory calls us to embrace the freedom we have in Christ and reject the bondage of legalism.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Children of Promise, Not of the Law - Galatians 4:21-31
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Understanding of Spiritual Lineage→A person learns to see themselves as a child of the promise, spiritually descended from Sarah, not from the line of slavery represented by Hagar.→Galatians 4:22–23, 28
→Freedom Through the New Covenant→They recognize that life in Christ places them under the covenant of grace and freedom, not the bondage of law.→Galatians 4:24–26
→Identity Rooted in God’s Promise→They grow in assurance that their place in God’s family is the result of divine promise, not human effort or merit.→Galatians 4:28
→Readiness to Endure Opposition→They expect and endure rejection or pressure from those still living under law, just as Isaac was mocked by Ishmael.→Galatians 4:29
→Discernment Between Bondage and Freedom→They learn to discern between systems that enslave and the gospel that liberates, choosing the latter wholeheartedly.→Galatians 4:30
→Joy in Being Free→They develop a deep joy in living as free heirs—not slaves—of God, celebrating spiritual liberty rather than fearing judgment.→Galatians 4:31
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 4:21-31, Paul uses the story of Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar as an allegory to illustrate the difference between living under the law and living by faith in God’s promises. Abraham had two sons: one through Hagar, his servant, and one through Sarah, his wife. The son of Hagar, Ishmael, was born according to human effort, while Isaac, the son of Sarah, was born as a miracle—according to God’s promise. Paul uses this story to help the Galatians understand that they, like Isaac, are children of the promise, not children of the law.
Hagar represents the law, which brings slavery. Just as Hagar's son, Ishmael, was born through human effort and not by faith in God’s promise, so too are those who live by the law relying on their own efforts to earn God’s favor. The law, while good, cannot bring freedom—it only shows us how far we fall short of God's perfect standard, leading to a kind of spiritual slavery. Hagar’s children, born of the law, are enslaved, just as the city of Jerusalem under the law represents slavery.
In contrast, Sarah represents freedom, the covenant of grace. Isaac’s birth was a result of God’s miraculous promise to Sarah, and this symbolizes the grace of God in our salvation. Just as Isaac was born through God's promise, we, too, are children of God because of His promise of salvation through Jesus Christ. The children of promise, like Isaac, are free. The Jerusalem “above,” which is the new heavenly Jerusalem, is free, and she is our mother. This means that we are part of a new spiritual family, one based on grace and the power of the Holy Spirit, not on the law.
Paul ends this allegory by emphasizing that we, as believers, are not children of the slave woman (the law) but of the free woman (grace). The law, represented by Hagar, cannot share in the inheritance of God's promises. The inheritance belongs to those who are children of the promise, those who live by faith in Christ, not by trying to obey the law.
This is an important reminder for us today. Sometimes, we may fall into the trap of trying to earn God’s favor through our works, thinking that by following rules or performing good deeds, we’ll be more acceptable to God. But this passage shows us that our freedom and acceptance come only through faith in God’s promises, just as Isaac was born through God’s promise, not by human effort.
We are called to live as children of the promise, trusting in God’s grace and the power of the Holy Spirit to transform us. It’s not about obeying the law perfectly—it’s about living by faith in the One who fulfilled the law on our behalf. Christ has set us free from the slavery of the law, and now we are free to live in the grace and freedom that comes through Him.
So, let’s embrace the promise of freedom through Christ. We are no longer slaves to the law or to the fear of not measuring up. We are free to live in the grace and power of the Holy Spirit, confident that we are children of the promise and heirs of all the blessings that come with being part of God's family.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 4:21-31:
Romans 9:8 It is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.
Romans 8:15 The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, “Abba, Father.”
Hebrews 11:11 And by faith even Sarah, who was past childbearing age, was enabled to bear children because she considered him faithful who had made the promise.
2 Corinthians 3:6 He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant—not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.
John 8:32 Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean that Hagar represents the law and Sarah represents the promise? How does this distinction help us understand the difference between living under the law and living by faith?
+ Hagar’s son, Ishmael, was born because of Abraham’s attempt to fulfill God’s promise through his own effort (human works), while Sarah’s son, Isaac, was born because of God’s promise, despite the impossibility of the situation. The law works like Hagar—it's based on human effort, striving, and trying to earn God’s favor by our own works. But the promise, represented by Sarah, is based on faith in God’s grace, not on our ability to do anything to earn it. This distinction helps us see that salvation and our relationship with God don’t depend on our works but on His promises, which we receive by faith.
Why does Paul say that those who rely on the law are in "bondage," like Hagar’s son, while those who rely on faith are "free," like Sarah’s son?
+ The law creates a system where we are constantly trying to measure up, earn God's favor, and be "good enough," which results in a life of slavery to performance. It places us under a burden we can’t bear, since no one can perfectly follow the law. On the other hand, living by faith means we are free from this burden because our acceptance by God is based on His grace, not on our works. This freedom gives us peace and joy because we know that God’s love and salvation are given to us freely, through Jesus Christ.
In what ways can we be tempted to live more like Hagar, trying to earn God’s favor through our works? How can we remind ourselves to live like Sarah, trusting in God’s promises and living by faith?
+ We can be tempted to live like Hagar when we feel the need to prove ourselves to God, either by following rules or comparing ourselves to others. This temptation often comes when we fall into the trap of thinking that God's love and approval depend on our actions rather than His grace. To live like Sarah means to trust that God’s promises are enough and to rest in the fact that we are saved by faith, not works. We can remind ourselves by regularly meditating on the gospel, praying for strength to trust in God’s promises, and encouraging each other to live in the freedom that comes through Christ.
Session
10: Living
in Freedom
- Galatians 5:1-15
Printable
Download
Focus:
The call to live in the freedom
of Christ and avoid legalism
Purpose
Statement:
To encourage us to stand
firm
in our freedom in Christ, loving one another, and not letting the
yoke of legalism or sin entangle us again.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 5:1-15 (NIV)
1 It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.
2 Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. 3 Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law. 4 You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace. 5 For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.
7 You were running a good race. Who cut in on you to keep you from obeying the truth? 8 That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you. 9 “A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough.” 10 I am confident in the Lord that you will take no other view. The one who is throwing you into confusion, whoever that may be, will have to pay the penalty. 11 Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been abolished. 12 As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!
13 You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love. 14 For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” 15 If you bite and devour each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other.
OVERVIEW:: Living in Freedom
Key Verse: "It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery." (Galatians 5:1, NIV)
In this passage, Paul encourages believers to live in the freedom that Christ offers. This freedom is not to be taken for granted or misused, but instead, it is to be cherished and protected. Legalism, or the belief that we can earn God’s favor through strict rules and rituals, is the opposite of freedom in Christ. Paul warns the Galatians not to go back to the slavery of trying to follow rules perfectly to please God, but instead to live by faith in Jesus, which leads to true freedom.
A
famous quote from Charles
Spurgeon
sums this up well:
"The
grace of God in Christ Jesus sets us free from the bondage of
legalism and sin, and to live in that freedom is to live as God
intended."
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Galatians 5:1-15
Galatians 5:1 "It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery."
Thought: Paul begins by reminding the Galatians that Christ has set them free from the burden of the law. The image of a "yoke of slavery" represents the heavy burden of trying to follow strict rules to earn God’s favor. Paul urges them to stand firm and not go back to living under that pressure.
Galatians 5:2-4 "Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law. You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace."
Thought: Paul makes it clear that if the Galatians start trusting in circumcision or any part of the law to earn salvation, they will be turning away from Christ’s grace. Salvation by grace through faith is the heart of the gospel, and trying to follow the law to be justified takes away from the sufficiency of Christ’s sacrifice.
Galatians 5:5-6 "For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love."
Thought: Paul highlights that the way to righteousness is not through physical acts like circumcision, but through faith in Jesus Christ. True faith shows itself in love, which is the mark of a genuine believer.
Galatians 5:7-12 "You were running a good race. Who cut in on you to keep you from obeying the truth? That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you. A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough. I am confident in the Lord that you will take no other view. The one who is throwing you into confusion will pay the penalty, whoever he may be. Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been abolished. As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!"
Thought: Paul uses the metaphor of a race to explain how the Galatians were on the right path but had been distracted by false teaching. He warns that just like a little yeast can spread through dough, false teachings can quickly spread and affect the whole community. He is frustrated by the false teachers who are causing confusion and division.
Galatians 5:13-15 "You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love. For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ If you bite and devour each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other."
Thought: Freedom in Christ is not a license to do whatever we want. It’s freedom to love and serve others humbly. Paul reminds the Galatians that true freedom is found in love, not in self-centeredness or selfish desires. He warns that if they let selfishness take over, it will destroy their relationships with one another.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Unchained Dog
Max, a golden retriever, had spent his whole life chained to a post in the backyard. One day, his owner felt sorry for him and decided to set him free. He unhooked the chain and called, “Go on, Max! You’re free!”
But Max didn’t move. He had been tied up for so long that he didn’t realize he could run. Even without the chain, he stayed in the same spot, living as if he were still trapped.
In Galatians 5:1-15, Paul reminds us that Christ has set us free. But just like Max, we sometimes act as if we’re still bound—either by legalism, thinking we have to earn our salvation, or by sin, using our freedom selfishly. True freedom isn’t about following rules to be accepted by God, and it’s not about doing whatever we want. It’s about living in love, walking in grace, and using our freedom to serve others.
Max eventually realized he was free and took off running, tail wagging with joy. That’s the kind of freedom Christ calls us to—a life not controlled by guilt or sin, but overflowing with love.
Reflection Question: Are you living fully in the freedom Christ has given you, or are you still holding on to old chains? How can you use your freedom to love and serve others?
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Freedom in Christ Means Freedom to Love
In
Galatians 5:1, Paul urges the believers:
"It
is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do
not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery."
(Galatians 5:1, NIV)
What
may surprise us here is that while we often think of freedom as
"doing whatever we want," Paul is teaching that true
freedom in Christ is actually the freedom to love others. In verse
13, he says:
"You,
my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your
freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in
love."
(Galatians 5:13, NIV)
Freedom in Christ isn't about doing whatever we feel like or trying to live without rules—it’s about living with love as our guide. True freedom is found in serving others and living in harmony with God’s purpose for us, which is to love others as He has loved us. When we stand firm in Christ, we aren't just freed from sin and the law, but we are empowered to live in love and serve others without being weighed down by legalistic rules.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Living in Freedom - Galatians 5:1-15
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Commitment to Stand Firm in Freedom→A person becomes resolute in protecting their spiritual freedom, refusing to submit again to legalistic bondage.→Galatians 5:1
→Awareness of Legalism's Danger→They grow in understanding that adding law to grace undermines the gospel and severs them from Christ’s sufficiency.→Galatians 5:2–4
→Faith Expressed Through Love→They realize that the true expression of saving faith is love—not rule-keeping—and begin to serve others from that foundation.→Galatians 5:6
→Guarding Against False Influence→They develop spiritual alertness to those who hinder the truth, refusing to let false teachers derail their walk with Christ.→Galatians 5:7–9
→Dependence on God’s Grace→They lean on grace as the source of both hope and righteousness, not their own performance.→Galatians 5:4–5
→Loving Service, Not Self-Indulgence→They understand that Christian freedom isn’t license to sin but a call to humbly love and serve others.→Galatians 5:13–14
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 5:1-15, Paul passionately calls the Galatians to stand firm in the freedom Christ has given them. He emphasizes that Christ has set us free, and we must not allow ourselves to be burdened again by a “yoke of slavery.” For the Galatians, this slavery came in the form of legalism—believing that they needed to follow the law (specifically, circumcision) to be truly justified before God. Paul makes it clear that trying to be justified by works of the law alienates us from Christ and the grace that He offers.
Paul also stresses that, in Christ, outward rituals and actions—such as circumcision—mean nothing. What truly matters is faith that is expressed through love. This was a revolutionary message for the Galatians, who were being pressured to adopt legalistic practices. Paul reminds them that freedom in Christ means living by the Spirit and walking in love, not relying on external rituals or rules. True freedom is not the freedom to do whatever we want, but the freedom to love one another, to serve others humbly, and to fulfill the law through the act of loving our neighbors as ourselves.
The freedom we have in Christ is a powerful gift, but it’s not a freedom to live selfishly or indulgently. Paul warns the Galatians not to use their freedom as an excuse to indulge the flesh. Instead, the freedom Christ gives us should lead to lives of service and love, humbling ourselves to care for others. The entire law is fulfilled in the command to love our neighbors, and when we focus on love, we experience true freedom.
Paul also acknowledges that the Galatians were once “running a good race,” but false teaching had caused them to stumble. He warns that just a little bit of false teaching can influence the whole community, much like a small amount of yeast affects an entire batch of dough. The truth of the gospel is not something to be compromised; standing firm in the truth means guarding against any message that distorts it. In the same way, when we face temptations or distractions that seek to take us off course, we must stay rooted in the freedom that Christ offers.
This passage challenges us to embrace the full freedom we have in Christ while recognizing that true freedom leads to a life of love and service. It also reminds us that we must remain vigilant against anything that seeks to enslave us again, whether through legalism, sin, or worldly distractions. We are free in Christ, but we are free to live a life of love and service, not to indulge in selfishness or sin.
As we reflect on this passage, let us ask ourselves: How can we stand firm in the freedom Christ has given us? Are we using our freedom to love and serve others, or are we using it to serve ourselves? True freedom in Christ leads us to live in a way that honors God and blesses others.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 5:1-15:
Romans 6:18 You have been set free from sin and have become slaves to righteousness.
Romans 8:2 Because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of sin and death.
2 Corinthians 3:17 Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.
John 8:36 So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed.
1 Peter 2:16 Live as free people, but do not use your freedom as a cover-up for evil; live as God’s slaves.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean to "stand firm in the freedom" Christ has given us, and why is it important to avoid being burdened by legalism again?
+ "Standing firm in the freedom" means holding onto the truth that we are saved by grace through faith, not by our own works. Legalism (the idea that we must follow certain rules or rituals to earn favor with God) tries to pull us back into the mindset that we have to do more to be accepted. But Christ’s sacrifice has already done everything for us. Standing firm means resisting the temptation to fall back into trying to earn God’s love and instead living in the freedom of knowing that we are loved and accepted in Christ. This freedom gives us peace, and it also allows us to love and serve others without the pressure of "performing" for God.
Paul mentions that we should not use our freedom to indulge the flesh but to serve one another in love. What do you think this means, and how can we live this out in our daily lives?
+ Using our freedom to "indulge the flesh" means living selfishly, giving in to our sinful desires without considering how it affects others or our relationship with God. But Paul is teaching that true freedom is found in serving others out of love, not in selfishness. To live this out, we can look for opportunities to serve others, show kindness, and put others’ needs before our own. It’s not about doing good things to "earn" God’s favor; it’s about living in the freedom Christ gives us to love and serve others, knowing that we are already accepted by God.
How does loving others as Christ loves us help us fulfill the law? How does this relate to the "whole law being fulfilled in a single command: 'Love your neighbor as yourself'" (Galatians 5:14)?
+ The law (all of God’s commands) can be summed up in one word: love. When we love others the way Christ loves us, we are fulfilling God’s will for us. Jesus Himself said that loving God and loving others is the greatest commandment (Matthew 22:37-39). Paul echoes this truth in Galatians 5:14, reminding us that when we choose to love our neighbors, we are living in a way that honors God and aligns with His purpose for us. Love is the key that unlocks true freedom because it takes the focus off of ourselves and puts it on others, following the example Christ set for us.
Session
11: Life
by the Spirit
- Galatians 5:16-26
Printable
Download
Focus:
Living by the Spirit, not the flesh
Purpose
Statement:
To challenge us to live by the Holy
Spirit,
allowing His fruit to be evident in our lives, and to resist the
desires of the flesh
that lead us away from God.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 5:16-26 (NIV)
16 So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. 17 For the flesh desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh. They are in conflict with each other, so that you are not to do whatever you want. 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law.
19 The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; 20 idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions 21 and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God.
22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law. 24 Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. 25 Since we live by the Spirit, let us keep in step with the Spirit. 26 Let us not become conceited, provoking and envying each other.
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 5:1-15, Paul emphasizes the freedom that believers have in Christ and urges them to stand firm in that freedom, warning against the dangers of turning back to legalism. He stresses that Christ has set us free, not to live according to the law, but to live in love and service to one another. Paul also cautions that if we allow ourselves to be bound by legalistic rules, we will lose the grace and freedom that Christ offers. Instead, we are called to love one another and walk by the Spirit, not by the flesh. This passage reminds us that true freedom is found in Christ alone, and it is to be lived out in love and service to others.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 5:1 “It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.”
Explanation: Paul begins with a powerful reminder that Christ has set us free, not for the sake of living however we want, but for the sake of freedom itself. He calls believers to stand firm in that freedom and not return to the “yoke of slavery,” which represents the burden of the law or any legalistic practices that seek to earn salvation.
Galatians 5:2-3 “Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no value to you at all. Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law.”
Explanation: Paul warns that relying on legalistic practices, like circumcision, to gain favor with God is a serious mistake. If you choose to depend on the law, then you are obligated to keep the whole law, and by doing so, you lose the freedom that comes from Christ. Christ’s work on the cross is nullified if we try to add anything to it.
Galatians 5:4 “You who are trying to be justified by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.”
Explanation: Paul makes it clear that trying to be justified (made right) by following the law separates us from Christ and from the grace He offers. The law cannot save us; only grace through faith in Christ can.
Galatians 5:5-6 “For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.”
Explanation: True righteousness comes from faith in Christ, and it is the work of the Holy Spirit in our lives. Paul emphasizes that outward rituals (like circumcision) are irrelevant when it comes to salvation. What truly matters is faith, which is demonstrated through love and service to others.
Galatians 5:7-10 “You were running a good race. Who cut in on you to keep you from obeying the truth? That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you. ‘A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough.’ I am confident in the Lord that you will take no other view. The one who is throwing you into confusion will pay the penalty, whoever he may be.”
Explanation: Paul rebukes the Galatians for allowing false teachings to distract them from the truth of the gospel. He uses the metaphor of a race, reminding them that they were once on track but have now been hindered by those who are promoting legalism. He warns that a small amount of false teaching (like yeast in dough) can spread and cause significant harm. Paul is confident that the Galatians will return to the truth of the gospel.
Galatians 5:11 “Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been abolished.”
Explanation: Paul defends his message, pointing out that if he were still preaching the law (like circumcision), he would not be persecuted by others. The offense of the cross, which calls for salvation by grace alone, is what causes opposition from those who want to hold on to the law.
Galatians 5:12 “As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!”
Explanation: Paul’s language here is strong as he expresses his frustration with those who are insisting on circumcision and legalism. He sarcastically wishes that these teachers would go even further with their teachings, highlighting how absurd it is to rely on the law for salvation.
Galatians 5:13 “You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love.”
Explanation: While we are free in Christ, Paul cautions that this freedom is not an excuse to live in sin (indulging the flesh). Instead, our freedom should lead us to serve one another in love. True freedom is not self-centered but focuses on loving and serving others.
Galatians 5:14-15 “For the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this one command: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ If you bite and devour each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other.”
Explanation: Paul summarizes the entire law in one simple command: love your neighbor as yourself. He warns that if the Galatians continue to fight and argue with one another, they will destroy each other. Love, not legalism, is the essence of the Christian life.
Reflection and Application
Paul’s message to the Galatians is as relevant today as it was when he first wrote it. In our walk with Christ, we are called to live in the freedom He offers, not bound by rules and regulations. However, this freedom does not mean we can live however we want. Instead, true freedom in Christ leads to love, service, and selflessness.
We are not saved by our works or religious observances, but by God’s grace. As we live out our freedom, we are to love one another, just as Christ has loved us. This love is the fruit of the Spirit working in us, and it is the mark of a believer who has truly embraced the gospel of grace.
DEVOTIONAL THOUGHT:
In Galatians 5:16-26, Paul challenges us to choose the narrow path, the one where we live by the Spirit. The fruit of the Spirit isn’t something we can just try to “make happen” on our own—it’s a result of walking with God, of staying close to Him, and allowing His Spirit to shape us. The other path, the one of the flesh, might look tempting, but it only leads us away from the life God wants for us.
As we learn to walk by the Spirit, we start to see His fruit in our lives: love for others, peace in our hearts, patience when things are tough, and kindness in how we treat people. It’s not always easy, but the more we choose the path of the Spirit, the more we become the people God created us to be.
So, today, let’s choose the narrow path. Let’s walk by the Spirit, allowing His fruit to grow in us, and resist the temptation to give in to the desires of the flesh that pull us away from God.
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: The Power of Living by the Spirit Over the Flesh
In Galatians 5:16, Paul writes: "So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh." (Galatians 5:16, NIV)
What may surprise us here is that living by the Spirit is not just about avoiding bad behavior but about being so in tune with God’s presence that the fruit of the Spirit naturally flows from us. We might assume that the fight between flesh and Spirit is about willpower or following rules, but Paul highlights that the key to overcoming the desires of the flesh is walking by the Spirit. This means relying on the Holy Spirit’s power to lead, guide, and transform us. The more we surrender to the Spirit, the more His fruit—love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control—becomes evident in our lives. It’s not about trying harder to be good; it’s about letting the Spirit work in and through us.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Life by the Spirit - Galatians 5:16-26
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Walking in the Spirit→A person learns to depend daily on the Holy Spirit’s guidance rather than their own fleshly desires.→Galatians 5:16
→Crucifying the Flesh→They actively put to death sinful desires and behaviors that oppose God’s will.→Galatians 5:24
→Producing the Fruit of the Spirit→They cultivate love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control in their character.→Galatians 5:22–23
→Rejecting Works of the Flesh→They increasingly recognize and avoid behaviors like sexual immorality, idolatry, jealousy, and envy.→Galatians 5:19–21
→Living in Community→They foster unity and mutual care in the church, avoiding envy and rivalry among believers.→Galatians 5:26
→Freedom in Obedience→They experience true freedom by choosing to obey the Spirit rather than yielding to the flesh’s desires.→Galatians 5:13,16
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In Galatians 5:16-26, Paul provides a clear contrast between living according to the flesh and living according to the Spirit. The flesh represents our sinful nature and its desires, while the Spirit represents the Holy Spirit, who guides believers in living a life that honors God. The battle between the flesh and the Spirit is a constant struggle for every believer. Paul urges us to “walk by the Spirit” so that we do not give in to the desires of the flesh. The life of the flesh is marked by actions and behaviors that are destructive, such as sexual immorality, hatred, jealousy, and selfishness. Paul warns that those who consistently live in such ways will not inherit the kingdom of God.
On the other hand, when we live by the Spirit, we experience the transformation that comes through His work in our lives. The fruit of the Spirit, which includes love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control, is the evidence of the Spirit’s presence in our lives. These qualities reflect the character of Christ and show that we are being conformed to His image. Paul reminds us that against these virtues, there is no law; they are the mark of a life that is pleasing to God. Living by the Spirit doesn’t just mean resisting the desires of the flesh—it also means actively pursuing a life that reflects the character of Christ through the fruit of the Spirit.
Paul also tells us that those who belong to Christ have “crucified the flesh with its passions and desires.” This means that when we accepted Christ, we chose to die to our old sinful nature and to live for Him. The Holy Spirit empowers us to live out this reality by giving us the strength to overcome sin and to grow in holiness. As we live by the Spirit, we are to “keep in step with the Spirit.” This means listening to the Spirit’s guidance and allowing Him to lead us in our decisions, relationships, and actions. It’s a continual process of growth, where we actively choose to follow the Spirit and align our lives with His will.
Living by the Spirit also means humbling ourselves and avoiding the destructive behaviors that come from pride, such as provoking or envying others. Instead of competing with one another or comparing ourselves, we are called to live in unity, supporting and encouraging each other in the faith. The fruit of the Spirit helps us to live in harmony with others, reflecting the love and grace of God in all our interactions.
In our daily lives, we face a choice: to live by the flesh or to live by the Spirit. The flesh leads to destruction, but the Spirit leads to life. We can’t live by both—either we submit to the desires of the flesh, or we yield to the Spirit’s work in us. This passage calls us to make the choice to follow the Spirit, allowing His fruit to grow in our lives and resisting the pull of sin. It’s not always easy, but as we remain connected to Christ and walk by the Spirit, we will bear fruit that honors God and reflects His love to the world around us.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 5:16-26:
Romans 8:5-6 Those who live according to the flesh have their minds set on what the flesh desires; but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires. The mind governed by the flesh is death, but the mind governed by the Spirit is life and peace.
Romans 13:14 Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh.
Ephesians 5:9 (for the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness and truth) and find out what pleases the Lord.
1 Peter 2:11 Dear friends, I urge you, as foreigners and exiles, to abstain from sinful desires, which wage war against your soul.
John 15:5 I am the vine; you are the branches. If you remain in me and I in you, you will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean to "walk by the Spirit," and how does this help us resist the desires of the flesh?
+ Walking by the Spirit means living in step with the Holy Spirit, allowing Him to guide our thoughts, actions, and decisions. This involves surrendering our will to God’s, relying on the Spirit’s strength rather than our own to resist sin. When we walk by the Spirit, we are aligned with God’s purposes, and the flesh’s sinful desires lose their power over us. It’s not about trying to resist the flesh in our own strength but about yielding to the Holy Spirit and trusting Him to help us overcome temptation.
Paul lists the "acts of the flesh" in verses 19-21. How do these acts of the flesh pull us away from God and hinder our relationship with others?
+ The acts of the flesh—things like selfishness, impurity, idolatry, hatred, jealousy, and outbursts of anger—are behaviors that come from our sinful nature. These actions separate us from God because they go against His character and His commands. They also harm our relationships with others, creating division, conflict, and hurt. The flesh leads us to focus on ourselves and our own desires rather than loving God and loving others. By contrast, the fruit of the Spirit brings peace, joy, and unity. When we give in to the flesh, we’re choosing our own way over God’s best for us.
What is the "fruit of the Spirit," and how does it reflect the character of Christ? How can we allow the Holy Spirit to produce this fruit in our lives?
+ The fruit of the Spirit includes love, joy, peace, forbearance (patience), kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. These qualities reflect the heart of Christ—His love, patience, goodness, and strength. The Holy Spirit produces this fruit in us as we submit to His work in our lives. It’s not something we can manufacture on our own; it’s the result of the Spirit’s transforming power. We can allow the Spirit to produce this fruit by staying connected to God through prayer, reading the Word, and seeking His guidance in every part of our lives. The more we surrender to Him, the more His character shines through us.
Session
12: Bearing
One Another’s Burdens
- Galatians 6:1-10
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Focus:
The importance of caring for one another in the church
Purpose
Statement:
To encourage us to restore
those who have fallen, to bear one another’s burdens, and to live
out the gospel
of grace
in our relationships with others.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 6:1-10 (NIV)
1 Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted. 2 Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ. 3 If anyone thinks they are something when they are not, they deceive themselves. 4 Each one should test their own actions. Then they can take pride in themselves alone, without comparing themselves to someone else, 5 for each one should carry their own load. 6 Nevertheless, the one who receives instruction in the word should share all good things with their instructor.
7 Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. 8 Whoever sows to please their flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. 9 Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. 10 Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers.
OVERVIEW:
In Galatians 6, Paul transitions from the discussion of grace and freedom to a practical call for believers to care for each other in the community of faith. He emphasizes the importance of restoration, humility, and shared responsibility in our relationships within the church. Paul reminds us that the gospel not only frees us from the law but also calls us to live out the grace we’ve received by supporting one another through difficult times, encouraging restoration for those who stumble, and bearing each other's burdens. These actions reflect the heart of the gospel — loving others as Christ has loved us.
This passage highlights the deep interdependence we have as believers. We are not meant to walk this Christian journey alone. Just as Christ has borne our burdens, we are called to help one another, offering grace and encouragement in times of weakness or failure. Paul also speaks to the importance of sowing good deeds, knowing that God will honor those who do good, especially to fellow believers. Ultimately, we are reminded that the Christian life is not about self-promotion, but about living humbly and caring for those around us.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 6:1 “Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted.”
Explanation: Paul encourages those who are spiritually strong to help restore those who have fallen into sin. The restoration should be done gently and with humility, knowing that anyone can fall. This verse highlights the importance of a loving and compassionate approach, not one of judgment or condemnation. The focus is on helping someone back on their feet, not pushing them down further.
Galatians 6:2 “Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.”
Explanation: Paul calls believers to bear one another’s burdens — this could be emotional, spiritual, or physical burdens. This command echoes Christ’s own example of bearing the weight of humanity’s sin. When we help others carry their burdens, we live out Christ’s love and fulfill the law of love He gave us. This shows that the Christian life is about selfless service to others.
Galatians 6:3-4 “If anyone thinks they are something when they are not, they deceive themselves. Each one should test their own actions. Then they can take pride in themselves alone, without comparing themselves to someone else.”
Explanation: Paul warns against pride and comparison. It’s easy to think more highly of ourselves than we should, especially when we are trying to help others. But Paul reminds us that we should evaluate ourselves honestly, not by comparing ourselves to others. This is an encouragement to stay humble, realizing that we all need God’s grace and that we should not look down on those who are struggling.
Galatians 6:5 “For each one should carry their own load.”
Explanation: While we are called to bear each other’s burdens, Paul also stresses personal responsibility. There are personal burdens each of us must carry, and we should not expect others to carry them for us. We should live responsibly and make an effort to bear the burdens that are ours to bear, while also helping others with theirs.
Galatians 6:6 “Nevertheless, the one who receives instruction in the word should share all good things with their instructor.”
Explanation: Paul encourages those who are taught in the faith to support their teachers financially and materially. This is a reminder that those who dedicate their time to teaching and leading the church should be cared for by the congregation. It also reinforces the importance of mutual care and sharing within the body of Christ.
Galatians 6:7-8 “Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. Whoever sows to please their flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.”
Explanation: Paul warns that our actions have consequences. If we live for selfish desires (the flesh), we will experience destruction, but if we live by the Spirit, we will experience eternal life. This is a reminder to live in alignment with God’s will, sowing good deeds and living by the Spirit, knowing that our choices matter.
Galatians 6:9 “Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up.”
Explanation: Paul encourages perseverance in doing good. It’s easy to grow tired when helping others or doing good works, but Paul reminds us that there is a reward for those who persist. The harvest will come in God’s timing. This verse is an encouragement to keep doing good, trusting that God will bring fruit from our labor, even if we don’t always see immediate results.
Galatians 6:10 “Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, especially to those who belong to the family of believers.”
Explanation: Paul encourages believers to make the most of every opportunity to do good, but especially within the church. While we should care for all people, there is a special responsibility to support and care for fellow believers in the body of Christ. This is a call to prioritize love and care for one another within the community of faith.
Reflection and Application
Paul’s words in Galatians 6 challenge us to live out the gospel of grace in a practical and relational way. The call to bear one another’s burdens is not just about being a helper when someone is in need, but also about walking alongside each other in love, humility, and grace. In the church, we are not just a group of individuals, but a community bound together by the love of Christ, and we are called to care for one another deeply.
We can apply this lesson by looking for ways to serve others, whether that means supporting someone who is struggling spiritually, emotionally, or physically, or simply encouraging them in their walk with Christ. At the same time, we are reminded that we should not neglect our own personal responsibility to live according to the Spirit. We are to carry our own load while also helping others carry theirs.
It’s easy to grow weary when we serve others, but Paul encourages us to keep going, knowing that our efforts are not in vain. The harvest may not come immediately, but God promises that in due time, we will see the results of our labor for Him. Let’s be faithful in living out the gospel by loving and supporting one another in the church.
DEVOTIONAL ALLEGORY: The Heavy Backpack
Imagine you're out on a long hike with a group of friends. You’re all excited at the beginning, chatting and laughing as you walk through the beautiful trails. But after a while, one of your friends, Sarah, starts to slow down. Her backpack, packed with too much gear, is clearly weighing her down. At first, she tries to keep going, but you can see she’s struggling, getting tired with every step.
Now, you could just keep walking ahead, minding your own path, thinking, "Well, it’s her fault she packed so much." But as a good friend, you know it’s important to help her. So, you stop and ask, "Sarah, are you okay? It looks like your bag is too heavy. Can I carry it for a bit?" She looks up, a little embarrassed, but grateful for your kindness. You swap backpacks for a while, and Sarah is able to catch her breath and walk more easily.
As you walk together, you realize that helping her wasn’t a big deal to you, but it meant everything to her. She’s not carrying that burden alone anymore, and you’re both stronger for it. It’s a picture of what Paul is talking about in Galatians 6:2, when he says, "Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ." Just like you helped Sarah carry her heavy load, we’re called to help carry the burdens of our brothers and sisters in the church. It might seem like a small thing, but showing kindness and lifting others up when they’re struggling is exactly what God wants us to do.
Just like Sarah needed help with her backpack, we all go through times when we need others to come alongside us. And just like you helped Sarah, we can be there for others when they need us most, living out the gospel of grace and love that Christ has shown to us.
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Clarifying a Difficult Teaching
In Galatians 6:5, Paul writes, "For each one should carry their own load." At first glance, this might seem to contradict his earlier instruction to "carry each other’s burdens" (Galatians 6:2). However, Paul is emphasizing personal responsibility alongside mutual support. While we are called to help others with their struggles, we are also responsible for our own actions and choices. This balance ensures that we support one another without enabling irresponsibility.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Bearing One Another’s Burdens - Galatians 6:1-10
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Gentleness in Restoration→A person grows in humility and gentleness when helping restore someone caught in sin, avoiding pride or harshness.→Galatians 6:1
→Self-Examination→They learn to examine their own behavior carefully before correcting others, fostering personal growth and accountability.→Galatians 6:1
→Mutual Support→They actively carry one another’s burdens, sharing struggles and supporting growth in the community.→Galatians 6:2
→Sowing and Reaping→They embrace the principle that their actions have consequences—sowing to the Spirit leads to eternal life, while sowing to the flesh leads to corruption.→Galatians 6:7–8
→Perseverance in Doing Good→They remain steadfast in doing good, especially within the community of faith, trusting God to bring fruit in due time.→Galatians 6:9
→Generosity and Service→They cultivate generosity, sharing material and spiritual blessings with others, especially those in need.→Galatians 6:6,10
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT: Embracing God's Plan for Community
God's design for the church is a community where believers actively support and care for each other. By bearing one another's burdens, we fulfill the law of Christ, which is rooted in love and grace. This mutual care reflects the gospel's transformative power, showing the world the love of Christ through our actions. As we live out this calling, we experience deeper relationships and a stronger, more unified church body.
In our daily lives, we can look for opportunities to support those around us, whether through listening, offering help, or simply being present. By doing so, we participate in God's plan for a loving and caring community, demonstrating His love to those within and outside the church.
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
How can we practically bear one another’s burdens in our church community?
What are some ways we can remain humble when restoring someone who has fallen into sin?
How do we know when to help others and when to allow them to carry their own load?
How does the idea of “sowing to the Spirit” challenge our daily lives and priorities?
In what ways can we persevere in doing good, especially when we don’t see immediate results?
Session
13: Final
Exhortations
- Galatians 6:11-18
Printable
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Focus:
Paul’s final words on boasting in the cross of Christ
Purpose
Statement:
To remind us that our boasting
is in the cross
of Christ
alone, and that true spiritual freedom is found in God’s
grace,
not in our own efforts.
Audio: (NLT)
READ: Galatians 6:11-18 (NIV)
Not Circumcision but the New Creation
11 See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand!
12 Those who want to impress people by means of the flesh are trying to compel you to be circumcised. The only reason they do this is to avoid being persecuted for the cross of Christ. 13 Not even those who are circumcised keep the law, yet they want you to be circumcised that they may boast about your circumcision in the flesh. 14 May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. 15 Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation. 16 Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule—to the Israel of God.
17 From now on, let no one cause me trouble, for I bear on my body the marks of Jesus.
18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brothers and sisters. Amen.
OVERVIEW:
In the closing verses of Galatians, Paul delivers a final, passionate appeal to the Galatian believers. After addressing the issue of legalism and defending the truth of the gospel, he emphasizes that boasting in anything other than the cross of Christ is empty and futile. Paul boldly declares that his only boast is in the cross, where Christ’s sacrificial death has brought true freedom from sin and the law. Through this, he points us to the ultimate source of spiritual freedom: not in our efforts or adherence to the law, but in God’s grace alone, through the work of Jesus Christ.
Paul also contrasts the false teachers who sought to impress others with their outward religious actions with those who have been transformed by Christ’s love and grace. In these final words, Paul calls believers to live in the freedom of grace, boasting not in external rituals or human accomplishments, but in the power of the cross and the new creation that it brings.
EXAMINE THE TEXT: Thought by Thought
Galatians 6:11“See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand!”
Explanation: Paul’s use of large letters in his final message emphasizes the importance and urgency of his words. By writing in his own hand, he underscores the personal nature of his appeal. This is a sign of sincerity and concern for the Galatians' well-being.
Galatians 6:12-13“Those who want to impress people by means of the flesh are trying to compel you to be circumcised. The only reason they do this is to avoid being persecuted for the cross of Christ. Not even those who are circumcised keep the law; yet they want you to be circumcised that they may boast about your circumcision in the flesh.”
Explanation: Paul calls out the false teachers who were pushing circumcision on the Galatians in order to avoid persecution for preaching the cross of Christ. These teachers focused on outward, physical signs of religion but were not truly living according to God’s law. Paul exposes their hypocrisy, showing that their focus was on impressing people, not on genuine faith or spiritual transformation.
Galatians 6:14“May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.”
Explanation: Here, Paul makes a bold declaration: his only boast is in the cross of Christ. The cross represents both the sacrifice of Jesus and the freedom from sin and the law that it brings. Paul’s statement reveals his deep identification with Christ’s sacrifice; through the cross, he has died to the world and its values, and the world has died to him. His focus is on what Christ has done, not on his own efforts or religious achievements.
Galatians 6:15“Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation.”
Explanation: Paul rejects the outward rituals, like circumcision, as signs of spiritual significance. Instead, he emphasizes the importance of the new creation in Christ. True spiritual transformation comes through being born again in Christ, not through external acts. This new creation is the heart of the gospel—the change that occurs when a person is made new through faith in Jesus.
Galatians 6:16“Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule—to the Israel of God.”
Explanation: Paul pronounces peace and mercy on those who live by the rule of boasting in the cross and embracing the new creation in Christ. "The Israel of God" refers to those who are true spiritual Israel, not by ethnic heritage but by faith in Christ. This marks the distinction between those who are focused on external rituals and those who are truly part of God’s family.
Galatians 6:17“From now on, let no one cause me trouble, for I bear on my body the marks of Jesus.”
Explanation: Paul has suffered for the sake of the gospel, enduring physical persecution and hardships. The “marks of Jesus” refer to the scars Paul bears from his suffering, symbolizing his identification with Christ. He wants the Galatians to see the contrast between his suffering for Christ and the empty boasting of the false teachers.
Galatians 6:18“The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brothers and sisters. Amen.”
Explanation: Paul ends his letter with a prayer for grace. He emphasizes that true peace and spiritual growth come through the grace of Jesus Christ, not through legalism or human effort. This final blessing calls the Galatians to rest in God’s grace and to live in the freedom that it brings.
Reflection and Application
Paul’s final exhortations in Galatians challenge us to reflect on where we place our trust. Are we trying to prove ourselves through our works, our actions, or outward appearances, or are we resting in the finished work of Christ on the cross? The true spiritual freedom that Paul describes comes from boasting in the cross alone, not in our efforts to earn God’s favor.
In our lives today, it's easy to fall into the trap of relying on our own accomplishments or traditions. We might seek approval from others or try to “measure up” by external standards. However, Paul reminds us that such things are empty. Our identity and boasting should be found solely in the grace of God through Jesus Christ. This grace transforms us, making us a new creation, free from the burden of the law and empowered to live for Christ.
DEVOTIONAL THOUGHT:
In Galatians 6:1-10, Paul reminds us of the importance of caring for one another, especially when we’re struggling. Just like in the allegory, when someone falls or stumbles in life, it’s our responsibility as part of the body of Christ to restore them gently, not in judgment but in love. It’s easy to get caught up in our own lives, but the gospel calls us to bear one another’s burdens. This doesn’t just mean helping with big struggles, but also being there in the little, everyday ways that lift someone’s spirits and encourage them.
Restoring one another isn’t about pointing out flaws but about showing grace, helping each other back up, and walking together. When we live like this, we reflect Christ’s love, not only in our actions but also in the way we build each other up in the church.
So, let’s be the kind of people who offer a hand when someone stumbles, who share the weight of another’s burdens, and who encourage each other in grace. As we do, we are living out the gospel, showing the love of Christ to everyone around us.
THIS MAY SURPRISE YOU: Restoring Others is a Sign of Grace, Not Judgment
In Galatians 6:1, Paul writes: "Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted." (Galatians 6:1, NIV)
What may surprise us is that Paul doesn’t say to criticize or condemn those who fall into sin. Instead, he calls for restoration with gentleness. It’s easy to think that the church’s role is to point out the flaws and failures of others, but Paul emphasizes that we are to restore, not shame, one another. This is an act of grace—just as God gently restores us when we sin, we are called to do the same for others. The goal is not punishment but healing, and this is where true love and grace shine. However, Paul also warns us to be careful, reminding us that we are not above temptation ourselves. Bearing one another’s burdens and restoring others is not about superiority; it’s about offering grace with humility.
SERIOUSLY THINKING- Growing Traits in the Person Who Takes Seriously Final Exhortations - Galatians 6:11-18
→Trait→Description→Scripture Reference
→Intentional Living→A person becomes mindful to live purposefully for Christ, evident in actions and lifestyle.→Galatians 6:11
→Boasting in the Cross→They reject worldly achievements and instead boast only in the cross of Jesus Christ as the source of their identity and hope.→Galatians 6:14
→Peace and Mercy as Goals→They pursue peace with God and others, accompanied by mercy, as marks of true Christian living.→Galatians 6:16
→Separation from Evil→They deliberately separate themselves from practices and attitudes that seek to distort the gospel or promote division.→Galatians 6:17
→New Creation Identity→They embrace their identity as a new creation in Christ, continually growing and living out this transformation.→Galatians 6:15
→Gratitude for God’s Grace→They maintain a heart of gratitude for God’s grace that sustains and empowers them in their daily walk.→Galatians 6:18
TAKE-HOME THOUGHT:
In the final verses of Galatians 6:11-18, Paul brings the letter to a close with a powerful reminder: our boast should be in the cross of Christ, not in our own achievements or efforts. Throughout the letter, Paul has been addressing the issue of legalism—the idea that our salvation can somehow be earned through human effort, rules, and rituals. The Judaizers, who were attempting to impose the practice of circumcision on the Gentiles, wanted to boast about their outward signs of religious observance. They were more concerned with outward appearances and conformity to the law than with a transformed heart through faith in Christ.
Paul passionately rejects this mentality. He makes it clear that he will not boast in anything except the cross of Christ, for it is through the cross that the world has been crucified to him, and he to the world. In other words, Paul’s identity is found solely in what Christ has done for him, not in any human accomplishment or ritual. The cross is where true spiritual freedom is found, and it is the only thing worth boasting about. All of the external rituals or efforts to “impress” others or to earn God’s favor mean nothing in light of the grace of God revealed in Christ.
For us, this is a powerful reminder. How often do we find ourselves tempted to boast about our accomplishments, our good works, or our spiritual “status”? It’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking that we must somehow prove ourselves worthy of God’s love through our efforts. But the message of the gospel is that we are saved by grace alone—through faith in Christ alone. Our worth and identity are not based on anything we do but on what Christ has done for us. The cross is where we find our freedom, and it is where we place our hope and our boast.
Paul further emphasizes that neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation that comes through faith in Christ. The true mark of a believer is not in following a set of religious rules but in being transformed by the power of the gospel. As believers, we are made new in Christ, and that new creation is the evidence of God’s grace at work in our lives. When we understand this truth, we are freed from the pressures of legalism and the need to prove ourselves.
Finally, Paul leaves us with a word of encouragement: peace and mercy to those who follow this rule—those who live by grace through faith, not by works. He also affirms his own personal commitment to this message, bearing on his body the marks of Jesus, evidence of his suffering for the sake of the gospel. His life is a testimony to the reality of the cross, and he challenges us to follow his example of boasting only in Christ.
As we reflect on these final words of Paul, let’s ask ourselves where we find our boast. Is it in our achievements, our good deeds, or our status as believers? Or is it in the finished work of Christ on the cross? True spiritual freedom is found in God’s grace, not in our own efforts. Let us continually turn to the cross and boast in the grace that has saved us, knowing that our identity and hope rest in Christ alone.
CROSS-REFERENCE:
Here are a few other verses that echo similar thoughts to Galatians 6:11-18:
Philippians 3:7-9 But whatever were gains to me I now consider loss for the sake of Christ. What is more, I consider everything a loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them garbage, that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ—the righteousness that comes from God on the basis of faith.
1 Corinthians 1:31 Therefore, as it is written: “Let the one who boasts boast in the Lord.”
Romans 3:27-28 Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded. Because of what law? The law that requires works? No, because of the law that requires faith. For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.
Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast.
2 Corinthians 12:9 But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly of my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
What does it mean to "restore someone gently" when they have fallen into sin? How does this approach reflect the grace of God?
+ Restoring someone gently means approaching them with love, care, and humility, not with harshness or judgment. It’s about helping them recognize their sin while offering them grace and the opportunity for repentance and healing. This approach reflects the grace of God because, just as God forgives and restores us when we sin, we are called to do the same for others. Restoration doesn’t mean ignoring the sin but helping the person to overcome it in a loving, supportive way. The goal is reconciliation with God and with the community.
Why does Paul emphasize the importance of bearing one another’s burdens, and how can we practically do this in our church community?
+ Bearing one another’s burdens means helping each other carry the weight of struggles, whether they are spiritual, emotional, or physical. Life can be difficult, and everyone faces challenges at some point. As members of the body of Christ, we are called to support each other. This could mean offering prayer, providing practical help, or simply being present during difficult times. When we bear each other’s burdens, we reflect the love and compassion that Christ has shown us. It strengthens the community and shows that we are not alone in our struggles.
In verses 7-9, Paul talks about sowing and reaping. How does this principle apply to our relationships within the church, especially in the context of bearing one another’s burdens?
+ Paul’s principle of sowing and reaping means that our actions, whether good or bad, have consequences. When we sow good things—like love, kindness, and grace—we will reap good results, both in our relationships and in our spiritual lives. In the context of bearing one another’s burdens, sowing good means being generous with our time, energy, and support for others, and the result is a community that grows stronger and more unified. Paul encourages us to not grow weary in doing good because in due time, we will reap a harvest of righteousness. This principle encourages us to continue investing in others, knowing that our efforts in love and care will produce lasting fruit.
The book of Galatians is Paul's passionate letter to the churches in Galatia, emphasizing that salvation is by grace through faith in Jesus Christ alone, not by works of the law. Renowned theologian Martin Luther called Galatians "the Magna Carta of Christian liberty," highlighting its vital message of freedom in Christ and the believer's identity as children of God.
1: The Call to Freedom - Galatians 1:1-10
2: A Divine Revelation - Galatians 1:11-24
3: The Gospel and the Apostles - Galatians 2:1-10
4: Defending the Gospel - Galatians 2:11-21
5: The True Gospel vs. Legalism - Galatians 3:1-14
6: The Promise of the Spirit - Galatians 3:15-29
7: Sons and Heirs - Galatians 4:1-7
8: The Danger of Turning Back - Galatians 4:8-20
9: Children of Promise, Not of the Law - Galatians 4:21-31
10: Living in Freedom - Galatians 5:1-15
11: Life by the Spirit - Galatians 5:16-26
12: Bearing One Another’s Burdens - Galatians 6:1-10
13: Final Exhortations - Galatians 6:11-18
Overview of the Book of Galatians:
The Book of Galatians is one of the Apostle Paul's most passionate letters, written to the churches in the region of Galatia (modern-day Turkey). In this letter, Paul addresses a critical issue: the pressure some Jewish Christians were placing on Gentile believers to follow Jewish laws, especially the practice of circumcision. Paul defends the gospel of grace and faith in Christ alone, asserting that salvation is not based on human effort or adherence to the law, but on faith in the completed work of Jesus Christ. He emphasizes that the gospel is for everyone—Jew and Gentile alike—and that salvation is a free gift, received by faith, not by works.
Throughout the book, Paul highlights the sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice. In Galatians 2:16, he writes, "Know that a person is not justified by the works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ." He strongly rebukes any attempt to add human works to the gospel, reminding believers that the law can never justify anyone before God, but it is faith in Christ that brings justification and eternal life. The letter is filled with a blend of personal affection for the Galatians and righteous indignation at the distortion of the gospel.
One of the key verses in Galatians is 5:1, where Paul proclaims, “It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.” This encapsulates the heart of the book: freedom in Christ. This freedom isn’t the freedom to sin, but the freedom to live as children of God, empowered by the Holy Spirit.
Relevance in Today’s Society:
In today’s world, the message of Galatians remains as powerful as ever. Many still struggle with the temptation to believe that salvation can be earned through good deeds, self-righteousness, or following certain religious practices. The pressure to conform to societal expectations or religious traditions often competes with the simple, liberating truth of the gospel—that we are saved by grace alone through faith alone.
Pastor John Stott once said, "The doctrine of justification by faith alone is the essence of the gospel, and the gospel is the foundation of Christian freedom." In a world that constantly demands more of us, Galatians reminds us that Christ’s work is enough, and His grace is sufficient. We do not need to rely on our own strength or fulfill external standards to earn God's love. The apostle Paul’s words in Galatians continue to call Christians today to stand firm in the freedom that Christ provides and not to allow ourselves to be shackled by legalism or human expectations.
For senior citizens, especially those who may have grown up in a more tradition-bound environment, Galatians offers both encouragement and challenge. It reminds us that our identity is not based on what we’ve done or failed to do, but on what Christ has done for us. As we age and reflect on our lives, we are reminded of the timeless truth that our worth is found in Jesus Christ, and our hope rests not on the works of our hands, but on His grace.
Let us hold firmly to the gospel, as Paul encourages in Galatians, and stand in the freedom that Christ has won for us.